Activities of Birgit COLLIN-LANGEN related to 2012/0288(COD)
Plenary speeches (1)
Fuel quality directive and renewable energy directive (A8-0025/2015 - Nils Torvalds) DE
Amendments (35)
Amendment 77 #
Council position
Recital 1
Recital 1
(1) Pursuant to Article 3(4) of Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council3 each Member State is to ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport in 2020 is at least 10 % of the final consumption of energy in transport in that Member State. The blending of biofuels is one of the methods available for Member States to meet this target, and is expected to be the main contributor. Other methods to meet the target are reducing energy consumption, which is imperative because a mandatory percentage target for energy from renewable sources is likely to become increasingly difficult to achieve sustainably if overall demand for energy for transport continues to rise, and the use of electricity from renewable energy sources. __________________ 3Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable energy sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/777/EC and 2003/30/EC (OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 16).
Amendment 79 #
Council position
Recital 4
Recital 4
(4) Where pasture or agricultural land previously destined for food and feed markets is diverted to biofuel production, the non-fuel demand will still need to be satisfied either through intensification of current production or by bringing non- agricultural land into production elsewhere. The latter case constitutes indirect land-use change and when it involves the conversion of land with high carbon stock it can lead to significant greenhouse gas emissions. Directives 98/70/EC and 2009/28/EC should therefore be amended to include provisions to address indirect land-use change given that current biofuels are mainly produced from crops grown on existing agricultural land.
Amendment 86 #
Council position
Recital 4 a (new)
Recital 4 a (new)
(4a) In addition, it should be borne in mind that biofuel production from arable crops in the Union helps to reduce the Union shortage of vegetable protein.
Amendment 90 #
Council position
Recital 5
Recital 5
(5) Based on forecasts of biofuel demand provided by the Member States and estimates of indirect land-use change emissions for different biofuel feedstocks, it is likely there is a risk that greenhouse gas emissions linked to indirect land- use change are significant, and could negate some or all of the greenhouse gas emission savings of individual biofuelscould be significant. This is because almost the entire biofuel production in 2020 is expected to come from crops grown on land that could be used to satisfy food and feed markets. In order to reduce such emissions, it is appropriate to distinguish between crop groups such as oil crops, sugars and cereals and other starch-rich crops accordinglyavert this risk in the short, medium and long term, research and development should be encouraged into the production of new forms of advanced biofuels that do not compete directly with food crops.
Amendment 111 #
Council position
Recital 9
Recital 9
(9) In order to ensure the long-term competitiveness of bio-based industrial sectors, and in line with the Commission2012 Communication of 13 February 2012 entitled ‘Innovating for Sustainable growth: A Bioeconomy for Europe’ and the Commission Communication of 20 September 2011 entitled ‘Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe’, promoting integrated and diversified biorefineries across Europe, enhanced incentives under Directive 2009/28/EC should be set in a way that gives preference to the use of biomass feedstocks that do not have a high economic value for other uses other than biofuels or which do not impact on the environment in such a way as to compromise local ecosystems by depriving food crops of land and water.
Amendment 124 #
Council position
Recital 13
Recital 13
(13) To prepare for the transition towards increased use of advanced biofuels and minimise the overall indirect land- use change impacts in the period to 2020, it is appropriate to limit the amount of biofuels and bioliquids obtained from food crops as set out in part A of Annex VIII to Directive 2009/28/EC and part A of Annex V to Directive 98/70/EC, that can be counted towards targets set out in Directive 2009/28/EC, without restricting the overall useestablish mandatory targets for advanced biofuels to be phased in gradually and according to a timetable that will provide predictability and stability for investors and to limit the amount of biofuels and bioliquids obtained from food crops that can be counted towards targets set out in Directive 2009/28/EC. Without restricting the overall use of such biofuels, the share of biofuels and bioliquids produced from cereal and other starch rich crops, sugar and oil crops that can be counted towards the 10% target for transport set in Directive 2009/28/EC should be limited by introducing a 6.5% cap ofn such biofuels and bioliquids in 2020. 1% out of the 10% target could be achieved by counting the use of renewable energy in electric transport or the use of hydrogen in transport.
Amendment 127 #
Council position
Recital 13 a (new)
Recital 13 a (new)
(13a) Considering that the present Union installed conventional ethanol production capacity is equal to 6% by energy of the expected 2020 petrol market, that there is a legitimate need to protect existing investments in conventional biofuel production capacity made in good faith and that a start needs to be made on commercialising ethanol from lignocellulose, a dedicated target of at least 7.5% from renewable sources of final energy consumption in the transport sector in the form of petrol in 2020 should be introduced, of which 8% should be from biofuel produced from sugars and starch crops.
Amendment 130 #
Council position
Recital 14 a (new)
Recital 14 a (new)
(14a) Incentives should be provided to stimulate the use of electricity from renewable sources in the transport sector. Furthermore, energy efficiency and energy saving measures in the transport sector should be encouraged.
Amendment 137 #
Council position
Recital 15
Recital 15
(15) The Commission's impact assessment has shown that the models used to estimated the indirect land-use change emissions should be included in the reporting by the Commission of greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels under Directives 98/70/EC and 2009/28/EC. Biofuels made from feedstocks that do not lead to additional demand for land, such as those from waste feedstocks, should be assigned a zero emissions factor. of biofuels production deliver results with significant variations, limitations and uncertainties. The results of modelling emissions from indirect land-use change are therefore still too uncertain to be included in legislation. The Commission should, before 31 December 2015, submit a report to the European Parliament, incorporating experience from ILUC-models implemented in other countries and developed in close corporation with all relevant stakeholders, on progress as regards the robustness and reliability of scientific evidence for the use of indirect land use change factors; the report should, if appropriate, be accompanied by a legislative proposal introducing a requirement for fuel suppliers to regularly report on the estimated indirect land-use change emissions of the biofuels they market, based on ILUC factors and with effect from September 2016.
Amendment 143 #
Council position
Recital 15 a (new)
Recital 15 a (new)
(15a) The use of land to grow biofuel feedstocks should not result in the displacement of local and indigenous communities. Accordingly, only biofuels and bioliquids whose production does not impinge on the rights of local and indigenous communities should be regarded as sustainable.
Amendment 145 #
Council position
Recital 16 a (new)
Recital 16 a (new)
(16a) The Commission should periodically review the methodology for estimating land-use change emission factors and the list of available advanced biofuels as laid down in Annex IX, taking into account consolidated, peer-reviewed, technical and scientific progress, and continuously report on the development of models used to estimate indirect land-use change emissions.
Amendment 146 #
Council position
Recital 16 b (new)
Recital 16 b (new)
(16b) The review and adaptation of this methodology should take into account the fact that undertakings have already made massive investments on the basis of current legislation.
Amendment 147 #
Council position
Recital 17 a (new)
Recital 17 a (new)
(17a) With a view to meeting the target for renewable energies in the transport sector while minimising the negative impacts of land-use change, the use of renewable electricity, modal shift, greater use of public transport and energy efficiency should be encouraged. In line with the White Paper on transport, Member States should therefore seek to secure greater energy efficiency and reduce overall energy consumption in transport and at the same time to enhance the market penetration of electric vehicles and the take-up of renewable electricity in transport systems.
Amendment 148 #
Council position
Recital 18 a (new)
Recital 18 a (new)
(18a) The Commission should also review ILUC mitigation measures, such as the use of co-products, yield increases, manufacturing efficiencies and crop production on abandoned, unused or vulnerable land. The Commission may also assess the impact on biomass-using sectors.
Amendment 150 #
Council position
Recital 19 a (new)
Recital 19 a (new)
(19a) Other ILUC mitigation measures, such as the use of co-products, yield increases, manufacturing efficiencies and crop production on vulnerable, abandoned or unused land, should be assessed by the Commission with a view to incorporating them into the directives in the form of a bonus similar to that already provided for in Part C, point 7, of Annex IV to Directive 98/70/EC and in Part C, point 7, of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC for biomass obtained from restored degraded land.
Amendment 169 #
Council position
Article 1 – point 2 – point -a (new)
Article 1 – point 2 – point -a (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7a – paragraph 2 a (new)
Article 7a – paragraph 2 a (new)
-a) the following paragraph is added: ‘(2a) Member States shall require suppliers to reduce life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy from fuel and energy supplied in a linear manner as from 31 December 2020 to achieve a 10 % reduction as compared with the fuel baseline standard referred to in paragraph 5(b).’
Amendment 172 #
Council position
Article 1 – point 2 – point b
Article 1 – point 2 – point b
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7a – paragraph 6
Article 7a – paragraph 6
(6) As part of the reporting under paragraph 1, Member States shall ensure that fuel suppliers report annually to the authority designated by the Member State, on the biofuel production pathways, volumes of biofuels derivFuel suppliers shall by 31 March each year report to the authority designated by the Member State, following procedures established with an eye to avoiding administrative burdens, on progress made towards reaching the mandatory targets referred to in Article 3(4) of Directive 2009/28/EC for advanced biofuels. The suppliers shall document that the biofuels are produced from the feedstocks as categorised in Part A of Annex V, and the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energyin accordance with the definition of advanced biofuels set out in Article 2 of Directive 2009/28/EC, which includes in particular production from feedstocks listed in Annex IX. Member States shall report thoese data to the Commission.
Amendment 187 #
Council position
Article 1 – point 3 – point b a (new)
Article 1 – point 3 – point b a (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7b – paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 7b – paragraph 4 a (new)
(ba) The following paragraph is inserted: ‘4a. Biofuels and bioliquids from countries or regions in which emissions from land use change amount to more than 35% of emissions from fossil fuels (30 g CO2eq/MJ) calculated for the whole country or region in accordance with Part C, point 7, of Annex IV shall not be taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1.’
Amendment 189 #
Council position
Article 1 – point 3 – point b b (new)
Article 1 – point 3 – point b b (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7b – paragraph 5 a (new)
Article 7b – paragraph 5 a (new)
bb) The following paragraph is inserted: ‘5a. Raw materials used to produce biofuels and bioliquids should not be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points (a), (b) and (c) of Article 7a(2) if, in the year of the raw material production, the use of land covered by paragraphs 4 and 5 has been changed considerably.’
Amendment 190 #
Council position
Article 1 – point 3 – point b c (new)
Article 1 – point 3 – point b c (new)
bc) In paragraph 7, the first sentence of the second subparagraph is amended as follows: ‘The Commission shall, report every two years, report to the European Parliament and the Council on the impact on social sustainability in the CommunityUnion and in third countries of increased demand for biofuel, on the impact of Communitycontribution of biofuel production to reducing the Union's shortage of vegetable protein and on the impact of Union biofuel policy on the availability of foodstuffs at affordable prices, in particular for people living in developing countries, and on wider development issues.’
Amendment 206 #
Council position
Article 1 – point 5 – point d a (new)
Article 1 – point 5 – point d a (new)
Directive 98/70/EC
Article 7d – paragraph 8 a (new)
Article 7d – paragraph 8 a (new)
da) the following paragraph is added: ‘(8a) No later than 31 December 2015, the Commission shall submit a legislative proposal to incorporate further ILUC mitigation measures, such as the use of co-products, yield increases, manufacturing efficiencies and crop production on abandoned, unused or vulnerable land, by means of a similar bonus to the one set out for biomass obtained from restored degraded land in accordance with the conditions provided for in Part C, point 8, of Annex IV.’
Amendment 209 #
Council position
Article 2 – point -1 (new)
Article 2 – point -1 (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 2 – paragraph 2 – point k
Article 2 – paragraph 2 – point k
-1. In Article 2, point (k) is replaced by the following: ‘k) ‘support scheme’ means any instrument, scheme or mechanism applied by a Member State or a group of Member States, that promotes the use of energy from renewable sources by reducing the cost of thatis energy, increasing the price at which it can be sold, or increasing, by means of a renewable energy obligation or otherwise, the volume of such energy purchased. T; this includes, but is not restricted to, investment aid, tax exemptions or reductions, tax refunds, renewable energy obligation support schemes including those using green certificates, and direct price support schemes including feed-in tariffs and premium payments; support schemes must not distort the markets in raw materials of other manufacturing sectors in which the same raw materials are traditionally used.’
Amendment 220 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 1
Article 2 – point 1
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 2 – paragraph 2 – point v a (new)
Article 2 – paragraph 2 – point v a (new)
(va) ‘advanced biofuels’ means biofuels produced from feedstocks that do not compete directly with food and feed crops such as wastes, residues and algae. A non-exhaustive list of advanced biofuels is established in Annex IX. The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 25b in order to adapt this list to scientific and technical progress.
Amendment 229 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 2 – points b, c, d
Article 2 – point 2 – points b, c, d
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4
Article 3 – paragraph 4
b) in paragraph 4, the second subparagraph is amended as follows: -i) point (a) is replacthe following sentence is added byto the following: ‘a) for the calculation of the denominator, that is the total amount of energy consumed in transport for the purposes of the first subparagraph, only petrol, diesel, biofuels consumed in road and rail transport, and electricity, including electricity used for the producirst paragraph: ‘Each Member State shall ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in petrol in 2020 is at least 7.5% of the final consumption of renewable liquid and gaseous fuels of non-biological origin, shall be taken into account;" ii) in point (b), the following sentence is added: ‘This point shall be without prejudice to point (d) of this paragraph and Article 17(1)(a);’ iii) point (c) is replaced by the following: ‘c) for the calculation of the contribution from electricity produced from renewable sources and consumed in all types of electric vehicles and for the production of renewable liquid and gaseous fuels of non-biological origin for the purpose of points (a) and (b), Member States may choose to use either the average share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the Union or the share of electricity from renewable energy sources in their own country as measured two years before the year in question. Furthermore, for the calculation of rgy in petrol in that Member State. -ii) the following subparagraphs are added after the first subparagraph: 'In 2016, at least 0.5 % of the final consumption of energy in transport shall be met with energy from advanced biofuels. In 2020, at least 2.5% of the final consumption of energy in transport shall be met withe electricity from renewable energy sources consumed by electrified rail transport, that consumption shall be considered to be 2,5 times the energy content of the input of electricity from renewable energy sources. For the calculation of the electricity from renewable energy sources consumed by electric road vehicles in point (b), that consumption shall be considered to be five times the energy content of the input of electricity from renewable energy sources.’ iv) the following points are added: ‘d) for the calculation of biofuels in the numerator, the share of energy from biofuels produced from cereal and other starch-rich crops, sugars and oil crops shall be no more than 7 % of the final consumption of energy in transport in the Member States in 2020; e) Member States shall seek to achieve the objective of a minimum proportion of biofuels produced from feedstocks and other fuels, listed in part A of Annex IX, being consumed on their territory. To that effect, each Member State shall set a national target, which it shall endeavour to achieve. A reference value for this target is 0,5 percentage points in energy content of the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport in 2020 referred to in the first subparagraph, to be met with biofuels produced from feedstocks and other fuels, listed in part A of Annex IX, and which shall be considered to be twice their energy content in accordance with point (f) of this subparagraph and part A of Annex IX. In addition, biofuels made from feedstocks not listed in Annex IX that were determined to be wastes, residues, non-food cellulosic material or ligno-cellulosic material by the competent national authorities and are used in existing installations prior to the adoption of Directive 2014/…/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council*, may be counted towards the national target. __________________ +OJ: please insert the number of this Directive. Directive 2014/…/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of … amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (OJ L …, p. …).’nergy from advanced biofuels. In 2025, at least 4% of the final consumption of energy in transport shall be met with energy from advanced biofuels.’ ii) in point (b), the following sentence is added: ‘This indent shall be without prejudice to Articles 17(1)a and 3(4)d;’ iv) the following points are added: ‘d) for the calculation of biofuels in the numerator, the share of energy from biofuels produced from cereal and other starch-rich crops, sugars and oil crops, shall be no more than 6.5% of the final consumption of energy in transport in 2020 and the share of energy from advanced biofuels shall be no less than 2,5% of the final consumption of energy in transport in 2020. e) Materials that have been intentionally modified to count as waste shall not be taken into account in connection with compliance with the targets set out in this Article. Member States shall ensure that when fraud is detected, appropriate action is taken.
Amendment 234 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 2 – point b – point ii a (new)
Article 2 – point 2 – point b – point ii a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point b a (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 – point b a (new)
iia) The following point is inserted in Article 3(4), second subparagraph: ‘ba) Each Member State shall ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport in 2020 is at least 10 % of the final consumption of energy in transport in that Member State.’
Amendment 288 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 2 – point d a (new)
Article 2 – point 2 – point d a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 3 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 4 a (new)
ab) the following paragraph is inserted: ‘(4a) By [one year after the date on which this Directive enters into force], the Commission shall make recommendations for additional measures that Member States may take to promote and encourage energy efficiency and energy saving in transport. The recommendations shall include estimates of the quantity of energy that can be saved by implementing each of those measures. The energy quantity corresponding to the measures implemented by a Member State shall be taken into account for the purposes of the calculation referred to in Article 4(2)(b)."
Amendment 298 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 2 a (new)
Article 2 – point 2 a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 4 – paragraph 3 a (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 3 a (new)
2a. In Article 4 the following point is added: ‘(3a) Each Member State shall publish and notify to the Commission by [one year after the date on which this Directive enters into force] a forecast document indicating the additional measures it intends to take in accordance with Article 3(4a).’
Amendment 299 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 2 b (new)
Article 2 – point 2 b (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 4 – paragraph 3 b (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 3 b (new)
2b. In Article 4, the following point is inserted: ‘(3b) Each Member State shall publish and notify to the Commission by [one year after the date on which this Directive enters into force] a forecast document indicating the steps in intends to take to meet the target set in the first subparagraph of Article 3(4).’
Amendment 311 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 5 – point b a (new)
Article 2 – point 5 – point b a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 17 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 17 – paragraph 4 a (new)
ba) the following paragraph is added: ‘(4a) Biofuels and bioliquids from countries or regions in which emissions from land-use changes amount to more than 35% of the emissions from fossil fuels (30 g CO2eq/MJ) calculated for the whole country or region in accordance with point 7 of part C of Annex V shall not be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points (a), (b) and (c) of paragraph 1.’
Amendment 314 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 5 – point b d (new)
Article 2 – point 5 – point b d (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 17 – paragraph 5 a (new)
Article 17 – paragraph 5 a (new)
Amendment 330 #
Council position
Article 2 – point 7 – point d a (new)
Article 2 – point 7 – point d a (new)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Article 19 – paragraph 8 a (new)
Article 19 – paragraph 8 a (new)
da) the following paragraph is inserted: ‘(8a) No later than 31 December 2015, the Commission shall submit a legislative proposal to incorporate further ILUC mitigation measures such as use of co- products, yield increases, manufacturing efficiencies and crop production on abandoned, unused or vulnerable land by means of a similar bonus to the one set out for biomass obtained from land under the conditions provided for in Annex IV part C point 8.’
Amendment 352 #
Council position
Annex I
Annex I
Directive 98/70/EC
Annexes IV and V
Annexes IV and V
Amendment 369 #
Council position
Annex II – point 1
Annex II – point 1
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex V – Part C – point 7
Annex V – Part C – point 7
Amendment 375 #
Council position
Annex II – point 2
Annex II – point 2
Directive 2009/28/EC
Annex VIII
Annex VIII
Amendment 383 #
Council position
Annex II – point 3
Annex II – point 3
Directive2009/28/EC
Annex IX
Annex IX
Annex IX Part A. Feedstocks and fuels, the contribution of which towards the target(s) referrList of advanced biofuels The biofuel coming from the following feed sto in Article 3(4) shall be considered to be twice their energy content a) Algae if cultivated on land in ponds or photobioreactorscks will be considered advanced biofuels: (a) Algae; b) Biomass fraction of mixed municipal waste, but not separated household waste subject to recycling targets under point (a) of Article 11(2)(a) of Directive 2008/98/EC; c) Bio-waste as defined in Article 3(4) of Directive 2008/98/EC from private households subject to separate collection as defined in Article 3(11) of that of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directive.s; d) Biomass fraction of industrial waste not fit for use in the food or feed chain, including material from retail and wholesale and the agro-food and fish and aquaculture industry, and excluding feedstocks listed in part B of this Annexand biodegradable fraction of industrial waste; e) Straw; f) AnimalLivestock manure and sewage sludge; g) Palm oil mill effluent and empty palm fruit bunches; h) Tall oil pitch; i) Crude glycerine; j) Bagasse; k) Grape marcs and wine lees; l) Nut shells; m) Husks; n) Cobs cleaned of kernels of corn; o) Biomass fraction of wastes and residues from forestry and forest-based industries, i.e. bark, branches, pre- commercial thinnings, leaves, needles, tree topProcessing residues from pulp and paper industry such as black liquor, crude sulphate soap, crude tall oil and tall oil pitch; i) Crude glycerine; j) Bagasse; k) Grape marcs and wine lees; l) Nut shells; m) Husks; n) Cobs; o) Bark, branches, thinnings, leaves, saw dust, and cutter shavings, black liquor, brown liquor, fibre sludge, lignin and tall oil; p) Other non-food cellulosic material as defined in point (s) of the second paragraph of Article 2; q) Other ligno-cellulosic material as defined in point (r) of the second paragraph of Article 2; oa) Animal fats classified as category I, II and III in accordance with EC/1774/2002 laying down health rules concerning animal by-products not intended for human consumption**; p) Non-food cellulosic material; q) Ligno-cellulosic material except saw logs and veneer logs; r) Renewable liquqa) Triglycerides, free fatty acids and gaseous fuels of non-biological origin. ________________ * Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 laying down health rules as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for human consumption and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 (Animal by-products Regulation) (fatty distillates and off-specification oils from oleochemical, biodiesel, vegetable oil refining, food processing and animal fat rendering industries qb) Animal fats not intended for human consumption qc) Technical corn oil qd) Waste fat from fish processing industry. r) Renewable liquids and gaseous fuels of non-biological origin. ________________ * OJ L 300273, 140.110.20092, p. 1).'.