17 Amendments of Nils TORVALDS related to 2020/2012(INL)
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion
Recital C
Recital C
C. Whereas AI solutions may benefit society in the areas of green transition, environment protection, waste management, climate change, energyand contribute to the development of better strategies and innovations in the areas of green transition, environment protection by increasing the efficiency of agriculture, waste management, mitigation and adaptation of climate change, greening of various industrial processes, energy and transport management and efficiency, air quality e.g. smart grids and electro-mobility;
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion
Recital C a (new)
Recital C a (new)
Ca. Whereas AI solutions can contribute to reduction of the current environmental footprint of the ICT sector which is estimated at more than 2% of all global emissions; whereas the European digital strategy proposes green transformation measures for digital sectors;
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion
Recital C b (new)
Recital C b (new)
Cb. Whereas the development of artificial intelligence, robotics, automated decisions, machine learning, and related technologies are a critical enabler for attaining the goals of the Green Deal and to reach the sustainability goals of the Green Deal in many different sectors; whereas digital technologies can boost the impact of policies in delivering environmental protection;
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion
Recital D
Recital D
D. Whereas AI can be applied to almost any field in medicine: biomedical research, exemplified by the AI-discovered antibiotic Halicin or AI contributions to new cancer therapies, medical educationhelp in diagnosis, earlier disease detention and prevention with methods such as predicative medicine and/or identification of risk factors, medical education, assisting caregivers, supporting elderly care, monitoring patient conditions, more efficient development of medicines, more targeted treatment, clinical decision- making, personalized medicine, psychiatric diagnosis and treatment, in revolutionizing robotic prostheses and support systems, telemedicine and the overall efficiency and interoperability of the health systems;
Amendment 45 #
Draft opinion
Recital F
Recital F
F. Whereas AI solutions may benefit society in the area of food safety and Farming 2.0, where the Union holds leadership in AI application as it can directly reduce the use of pesticides, increase efficiency of farming, be used in applications such as automated machine adjustments for weather forecasting and disease identification, aid the challenges farmers face such as climate variation, and overall improve crop management practices;
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion
Recital F a (new)
Recital F a (new)
Fa. Whereas the scope of that framework should be adequate, proportionate and thoroughly assessed; whereas it should cover a wide range of technologies and their components, including algorithms, software and data used or produced by AI; whereas a targeted approach based on the concept of high risk is necessary to avoid hampering future innovations in delivering benefits of AI applications e.g. in healthcare, environment protection and food quality to the citizens;
Amendment 92 #
4. Notes that, with the rapid development of AI and the uncertainty that lies ahead, a common Union AI ethical framework will expand an ecosystem of trust as defined in the Commission White Paper, whether in environment protection, healthcare or food safety applications, thus supporting the ecosystem of excellence in legal certainty and providing effective response to the challenges yet not defined in courtrooms, management meetings or scientific laboratoriesnot yet defined;
Amendment 108 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Strongly supports the Commission in establishing a common Union AI ethical framework to counter the shortcomings caused by AI internal market fragmentation, including in research, innovation and expertise in environmental, healthcare, and food safety applications, and to prevent AI double standards across Member States for AI developed in Union and beyond, inter alia in areas such as consumer data management, protection and privacy in smart grids, waste management, equal access to services, patient-doctor relationship standards, data protection and privacy, civil liability in AI-assisted public healthcare, civil liability regarding autonomous vehicles or machinery;
Amendment 113 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5a. Strongly supports the creation of a European Health Data Space1a proposed by the Commission which aims at promoting health-data exchange and at supporting research in full respect of data protection, including processing data with AI technology, and which strengthens and extends the use and re-use of health data; encourages the upscaling of cross-border exchange of health data, their link and use through secure, federated repositories, specific kinds of health information, such as European Health Records (EHRs), genomic information, and digital health images to facilitate Union-wide interoperable registers or databases in areas such as research, science and health sectors; _________________ 1a Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - A European strategy for data, COM(2020)0066
Amendment 116 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 b (new)
Paragraph 5 b (new)
5b. Calls for the right balance between privacy and data protection and data utility; considers that it is important for scientific advancement to ensure the ability to share and process health data in sufficient depth and detail; ensures data anonymization while avoiding excessive data minimization; calls for interoperable, suitable databases, registers and repositories at EU level to facilitate their use in health, environment and food safety sectors;
Amendment 121 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Calls for securing the compliance and full enforcement of Union legal framework on data protection and privacy, relevant notab and ensuring that personal data is protected, especially in the healthcare AI applications and relatedother sensitive data, to strengthen the “Right to an explanation” foreseen in Article 22 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council (General Data Protection Regulation, (GDPR))2 and higher interpretability requirements for high-risk AI; reminds of the risk of malicious data alterations and manipulation, and possible hacks or data thefts, can be particularly severe in health sector and can be used to harm, discredit or profit from individual; _________________ 2Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, p. 1).
Amendment 127 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)
Paragraph 6 a (new)
6a. Considers that there are risks of biases and discrimination in the development, deployment and use of high- risk artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies, including the software, algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies; recalls that, in all circumstances, those technologies should respect human dignity and ensure equal treatment for all; considers that such possible bias could be addressed by setting rules on data processing and setting up appropriate safeguards against bias and discrimination based on social, economic, ethnic, racial, sexual, gender, disability or other factors; warns of potential misuse of AI diagnostic applications and calls for AI capability and motivational safeguards;
Amendment 139 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Supports the view that the seven AI requirements identified in the Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI of the High- Level Expert Group on AI constitute solid building blocks for a common Union AI ethical framework, addressing, among others, ethical aspects of AI applications in environment, health and food protection; calls for an improvement of the acquis on transparency, traceability and human oversight, which were indicated as areas in need of further improvement in the feedback given on the Guidelines by 350 organisations; furthermore, encourages the creation of the Union AI ethical framework in a spirit of openness to the works of other international partners that share Union values, e.g. to the Rome Call for AI Ethics by Pope Francis;
Amendment 142 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Calls to ensure transparency, responsibility, auditability, predictability and accountability, as citizens, patients and users should be informed when interacting with a system using artificial intelligence by clear and understandable explanations of the data used, of the functioning of the algorithm, of its purpose, of its outcomes, and of its potential dangers; underlines that transparency and explainability are essential to ensure trust in these technologies; considers that the explanation should be complemented by auditability and traceability as respect to such principles is a guarantee to accountability; reminds that AI applications can outperform the humans at narrow specific tasks while failing in overview analysis; calls for human oversight, professional responsibility and system predictability with ability to override the AI system;
Amendment 144 #
7b. Considers that any natural or legal person should be able to seek redress for a decision issued by a high-risk artificial intelligence, robotics or related technology at his or her detriment and that any decision taken by AI should be subject to strict human verification and due process; suggests that safeguards related to the use of high-risk artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies within the framework of public power decisions including periodic assessment and possible review of regulatory framework to keep up with technological development, establishing binding guidelines on the methodology of the compliance assessment to be followed by the national supervisory authorities, and establishing non-binding guidelines directed to the developers, the deployers and the users;
Amendment 146 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Highlights the benefits of AI for disease prevention and control, exemplified by AI predicting the COVID19 epidemic before WHO; urges the Commission to adequately equip ECDC in witsh reform, which was brought about by the COVID19 crisis, wsources allowing for ith the legal framework and resources allowing foro utilize AI solutions and gathering necessary data independently, including, among others, AI solutionto address issues revealed by the COVID19 crisis;
Amendment 162 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Calls for securing sufficient financing for the Union AI transformation; supports the ambitions laid out in the Commission White Paper to attract €200 billion of AI public and private investment in the next 10 years in the Union; welcomes the attention granted to deficits of AI ecosystems in less-developed regions and to the needs of SMEs and start-ups; calls on the Commission to facilitate geographically balanced access to all AI funding, including for SMEs and start-ups; stresses that the new Union objectives must not diminish Union engagement in its long standing priorities, like the CAP or Cohesion Policy.