52 Amendments of David BORRELLI related to 2015/2103(INL)
Amendment 1 #
Draft opinion
Recital A
Recital A
A. Whereas the development of robotics will bring positive effects forbenefits to the European Union economy butand also forto the daily life of individuals; whereas, however, at the same time it involves structural risks which it would be unwise to ignore; whereas all robotics and, artificial intelligence technology and related innovative disciplines have to be developed, monitored and used with due regard for the law and fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFR), in particular for the rights of human dignity, data and metadata protection, privacy, liberty and security;
Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion
Recital A
Recital A
A. whereas robot-human teams could be 85 %1 more productive than either on its own; and robots by enhancing capabilities of humans will reduce risks of human errors, while a significant number of existing jobs are considered to be at risk of automation over the next twenty years; __________________ 1 According to research from MIT following joint experience with Carmakers BMW and Mercedes-Benz.
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas the Union holds a leading position in industrial robotics, with a share of more than 25 %2 of supply and use; and whereas maintaining that leading position and share is therefore an industrial strategy priority; __________________ 2 http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon20 20/en/h2020-section/robotics.
Amendment 6 #
Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)
Recital B a (new)
Ba. whereas more substance needs to be given to the Commission’s work to establish and achieve industrial policy, research, economic and legal objectives in the field of robotics within the framework of the completion of the digital single market, as this is a strategic means of adapting European society to the needs of the 21st century;
Amendment 7 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. takes view that the impact of automated vehicles on enhancing transport safety might potentially be a major one, since human errors are currently responsible for about 90% of road accidents; notes however that it will be impossible for automated vehicles to eliminate all accidents, which raises questions of responsibility for car accidents and generates, amongst other things, the need for new insurance models and new insurance funds;
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion
Recital B b (new)
Recital B b (new)
Bb. whereas the great influx of robotics and various AI applications will have a systemic impact on our productive and industrial organisation, as determined by new features that make it qualitatively different from the current organisation;
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion
Recital B c (new)
Recital B c (new)
Bc. whereas these new features will have consequences for every member of the public, not only in terms of energy and the environment, but also in terms of social and political organisation, and whereas these therefore necessitate action by the public authorities in respect of the productive and industrial system which may differ qualitatively from the action currently taken;
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Believes that robotics plays a key role in improving the competitiveness and productivity of the European economyEuropean reindustrialisation, in helping to reverse the trend towards relocation and in improving the competitiveness and productivity of the economy, and therefore in developing a society that is less tied to working time, thereby freeing up more human and financial resources for personal improvement and the intellectual, creative and social aspects of shared lives; calls on the Commission to promote a pro- innovation policy in robotics, facilitating integration of technologies in value chains, and to assess the need to modernise legislation or develop European guidelines to ensure a joint approach in robotics, essential for companies to scale up in Europe;
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Considers that the identification of guiding ethical rules and principles for the design, engineering and use of robots and, artificial intelligence are needednd related innovative disciplines is vital to complement the current European legal framework;
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)
Paragraph 1 a (new)
1a. Points out that robotics, like any other technological innovation, must be subject to in-depth preventive assessment to identify, along with its evident benefits, its potential risks; special attention must also be awarded to identifying any long- term structural risks, such as the possible increase in technological unemployment, and the social consequences thereof on the welfare system, or the possible increase in industrial concentration;
Amendment 25 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. notes that automated vehicles can play an important role in developing sustainable transport (for example, through the potential for making savings in emissions) and calls on the Commission and Member States to pay attention to upcoming technical progress in the field of renewable technologies and to ease the diffusion of fast recharging automated stations fed from fully decarbonised and denuclearised electricity sources;
Amendment 28 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Stresses that innovation in robotics and artificial intelligence require digital infrastructure that provides ubiquitous connectivity; calls for foresight and forecast studies to be conducted to help quantify, for preventive reasons, these connectivity requirements in the medium and long term; calls on the Commission to set a frameworkestablish a road map that will meet the connectivity requirements for the various programmes, including in the field of robotics, planned for the Union’s digital future;
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E
Recital E
E. whereas at the same time the development of robotics and AI may result in a large part of the work now done by humans, not only manual but also intellectual work, being taken over by robots, so raising concerns about the future of employment and the viability of social security systems if the current basis of taxation is maintained, creating the potential for increased inequality in the distribution of wealth and influence;
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)
Recital E a (new)
Ea. whereas robotics and AI that can perform similar tasks to those performed by humans should be used mainly to support and boost the abilities of man, as opposed to trying to replace the human element completely;
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Strongly believes that interoperability between systems, devices and cloud services, which must be based on security and privacyfundamental rights by design, are essential for enabling real time data flows enabling robots to become more secure, flexible and autonomous; asks the Commission to promotedefine the role of the European research and innovation system in promoting an open environment, from open standards and innovative licensing models, to open platforms and transparency, in order to avoid lock-in in proprietary systems that restrain interoperability;
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. calls on the Commission and Member States to conduct further research to assess the safety and environmental implications of automated vehicles, and invites them to create a knowledge-sharing system to record the outcomes of tests and pilot schemes; since the act of driving itself will become a complex technical exercise, it is of the utmost importance that such a knowledge-sharing system is conceived to protect the privacy of data contributed by consumers using automated vehicles;
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Calls on the Commission to ensure that any Union legislation on robotics and, artificial intelligence and related innovative disciplines will include rules on privacy and data protectionand metadata protection, taking into account the rapid developments in this area, the requirement to follow principles of privacy by design and by default as well as principles of proportionality and necessity regarding the processing of data; calls and metadata; calls, among other things, for the review of rules, principles and criteria regarding the use of cameras and sensors in robots and, artificial intelligence and related innovative disciplines in accordance with the Union legal framework for data protection;
Amendment 43 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Notes that data access is key to innovation in machine learning algorithms; calls on the Commission to implement an ambitious strategy on Open and free flow of datarespecting fundamental rights rules is central to innovation in machine learning algorithms and to their scientific and industrial exploitation; calls on the Commission to implement an ambitious strategy on Open and free flow of data, under which the protection afforded by the public authorities ensures that SMEs, start-ups and academic and citizens’ organisations can participate on an equal footing with major transnational organisations; points out that such data access calls for a thorough overhaul of the current regulatory framework applicable to copyright;
Amendment 46 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. underlines that automated cars will require a high level of safe interaction with the transport infrastructure and that the high volume of data will need to be securely transferred in real time between automated vehicles and such infrastructure; such unprecedented volume of data raises significant questions about the value that can be created with it, and about how it must be shared between entrepreneurs, government, consumers contributing the data and society as a whole;
Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Underlines that the free flow of data within the European Union is a basis for the digital economy and is essential for the development of robotics; highlights that high security of robotics and artificial intelligence systems and related innovative disciplines as a whole, including their internal data and metadata systems and data flows, is crucial for the adequate utilisation of robots and, artificial intelligence and related innovative disciplines; stresses that a high level of safety, security and privacy of data used for the communication between people and robots and artificial intelligence and related innovative disciplines, together with high quality of voiceperformance by recognition systems, has to be ensured; calls on the Commission and Member States to support and incentivise the development of the necessary technology, including security by design and channels of communication; urges, therefore, that appropriate monitoring technologies and procedures be included in any operating plan, accompanied, where necessary, by thorough ex-post audits carried out by independent ethics consultants or similar bodies;
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G a (new)
Recital G a (new)
Ga. whereas the increasingly widespread use of social media and smartphones, which are constantly collecting and generating data, is causing the volume of data produced all over the world, so-called ‘Big Data’, to grow exponentially, and whereas 90% of the data in circulation today has been generated in the last two years;
Amendment 56 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 – introductory part
Paragraph 5 – introductory part
5. Calls on the Commission to increase its support in the mid-term review of the MFF for the Horizon 2020 funded SPARC programme and to promote a collaborative environment between national and European institutions, the research community, standardisation bodies and the private sector;
Amendment 58 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Underlines that whenin the event that personal data or metadata are processed bythrough the use of RPAS, whether by public authorities for law enforcement purposes or by private or public entities for other purposes laid down by the law, the right to the protection of private life and the right to the protection of personal data as enshrined in Article 7 and 8 CFR and Article 16 TFEU apply and the Union legal framework for data protection must be fully complied with;
Amendment 59 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Any legislative initiative, in any field, on robotics and artificial intelligence should provide legal certainty without stifling innovation, in a manner compatible with the aims of the whole of European society and with the benefits which it expects these new technologies to have for all its members, without exception;
Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. underlines that it is necessary to focus on ensuring and strengthening the security of IT regarding automated carvehicles;
Amendment 69 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Considers that the Commission should open a debate on the transformative effects that the widespread use of robotics and AI systems is predicted to have on social protection systems, with the aim of establishing which innovations in European distribution and solidarity mechanisms will be needed to maintain – or even improve – our social protection standards, at all stages of people’s lives and regardless of their employment status;
Amendment 74 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Considers that appropriate legislation should be accompanied by encouragement of a soft law framework,, in specific areas where relevant studies show that the development of regulation would be premature, by encouragement of a soft law framework, which may be made up, among other elements, of a code of conduct or public-private partnerships, in order to ensure the cooperation of the industry and robotic designers with public authorities and all the other stakeholders; believes that such instruments should focus on practical solutions to ensure privacy and human dignity, privacy and data and metadata protection, the security and ethics of the robotics industry, and the proper use of robots and artificial intelligence and other related innovative disciplines on a daily basis;.
Amendment 79 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Calls on the Commission to develop and adopt a comprehensive plan for studies on the possible consequences which invasive technologies will have on civil liberties and fundamental rights;
Amendment 80 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 b (new)
Paragraph 7 b (new)
7b. Calls on the Commission to create an action plan to facilitate the democratisation of citizens’ access to robotics, artificial intelligence and other related innovative disciplines;
Amendment 82 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 c (new)
Paragraph 7 c (new)
7c. Calls on the Commission and Member States, in view of the possible structural risks that might arise in the decades ahead, to place greater emphasis on policies that are representative of social rights, such as the citizens’ income;
Amendment 84 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 d (new)
Paragraph 7 d (new)
7d. Calls on Member States and the Commission to increasingly promote digital teaching and training in policies relating to the right to study;
Amendment 85 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 a (new)
Paragraph 6 a (new)
6a. calls on the Commission to develop European infrastructural standards to allow the diffusion of autonomous vehicles and a road map to implement them;
Amendment 87 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 e (new)
Paragraph 7 e (new)
7e. Calls on the Commission to carry out studies examining more deeply the possible correlation, in the years ahead, between automation and migration.
Amendment 88 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 b (new)
Paragraph 6 b (new)
6b. invites the Commission to study the potential economic and social consequences of robotics and automation in the tourism sector and related industries;
Amendment 90 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 c (new)
Paragraph 6 c (new)
6c. calls on the Commission to study the potential economic and social consequences of robotics and automation over the full life cycle of transport systems, including active and preventive maintenance, fleet management, temporary storage (e.g. parking systems for city vehicles), and dismantling and other operations guaranteeing a smooth flow of the corresponding materials into the circular economy;
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 a (new)
Paragraph 2 a (new)
2a. Considers that companies that manufacture robots should also record in this register the algorithms used to programme intelligent machines;
Amendment 161 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 a (new)
Paragraph 4 a (new)
4a. Considers it essential, in the development of robotics and AI, to guarantee that humans have control over intelligent machines at all times;
Amendment 163 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 b (new)
Paragraph 4 b (new)
4b. Considers that when developing new intelligent machines, designers should always include status indicators that provide the user with information in real time, insofar as this is compatible with the design brief;
Amendment 165 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 c (new)
Paragraph 4 c (new)
4c. Considers that in preservation of the fundamental principle of transparency, and to allow us to understand and be aware at all times of the decisions taken by intelligent machines, any robotic application capable of performing similar tasks to those performed by humans should be equipped with a ‘black box’ which records data on every transaction carried out by the machine, including the logic that contributed to its decisions;
Amendment 166 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 d (new)
Paragraph 4 d (new)
4d. Highlights that the algorithms used to programme intelligent machines should be put together in line with a clear and precise code of ethics, which also allows robots capable of learning to respect ethical principles in the tasks they perform;
Amendment 176 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5a. Notes that to uphold these fundamental rights, ethics committees with special powers should be set up, perhaps as part of a European agency, and those committees should be able to take a holistic approach to the entire robotics research and development ecosystem;
Amendment 188 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Considers that the use of robotics and AI for the purposes of warfare should be strongly limited and regulated;
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 b (new)
Paragraph 7 b (new)
7b. Considers that special care should be taken in preparing robots or AI to perform tasks in positions of authority, for example performing the functions of the police, prison wardens/guards or security guards, teachers or any other state or civil servant role;
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 c (new)
Paragraph 7 c (new)
7c. Considers that special attention should be paid to the use or creation of anthropomorphised intelligent machines that can forge emotional bonds with man, causing an emotional attachment or deception;
Amendment 191 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 d (new)
Paragraph 7 d (new)
7d. Considers that special attention should be paid to robots that represent a significant threat to confidentiality owing to their placement in traditionally protected and private spheres and because they are able to extract and send personal and sensitive data;
Amendment 220 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11
Paragraph 11
11. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to ensure that, in the development of any EU policy on robotics, privacy and data protection, including metadata protection, guarantees are embedded in line with the principles of necessity and proportionality; calls, in this regard, on the Commission to foster the development of standards for the concepts of privacy by design and privacy by default, informed consent and encryption;
Amendment 295 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23 a (new)
Paragraph 23 a (new)
23a. Calls on the Commission to develop an analysis of the employment challenges and structural opportunities inherent in constant technological growth, and to accompany such growth with a suitable legislative framework which is easy to keep up-to-date;
Amendment 296 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23 b (new)
Paragraph 23 b (new)
23b. Highlights the importance of foreseeing changes to society following the new industrial revolution in robotics, and the need to start considering changing the working hours/income paradigm, creating new employment sustainability models, including through the introduction of a minimum citizens’ income;
Amendment 324 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28 a (new)
Paragraph 28 a (new)
28a. Considers, in any case, that responsibility must always lie with a human and never a robot;
Amendment 331 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 30
Paragraph 30
30. Considers that, as is the case with the insurance of motor vehicles, such an insurance system could be supplemented by a fund in order to ensure that reparation can be made for damage in cases where no insurance cover exists; this fund should be endowed by an annual fixed percentage to be paid by any private company that wishes to invest in the robotics sector; calls on the insurance industry to develop new products that are in line with the advances in robotics;
Amendment 338 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point a a (new)
Paragraph 31 – point a a (new)
aa) introducing a suitable instrument for consumers who wish to collectively claim compensation for damages deriving from the malfunction of intelligent machines from the manufacturing companies responsible;
Amendment 342 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31 – point b
Paragraph 31 – point b
b) ensuring that a compensation fund, endowed by an annual fixed percentage paid by any private company that wishes to invest in the robotics sector, would not only serve the purpose of guaranteeing compensation if the damage caused by a robot was not covered by an insurance – which would in any case remain its primary goal – but also that of allowing various financial operations in the interests of the robot, such as investments, donations or payments made to smart autonomous robots for their services, which could be transferred to the fund;