Activities of Franc BOGOVIČ related to 2021/0200(COD)
Shadow opinions (1)
OPINION on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2018/842 on binding annual greenhouse gas emission reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030 contributing to climate action to meet commitments under the Paris Agreement
Amendments (28)
Amendment 12 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 3
Recital 3
(3) The European Green Deal31 combines a comprehensive set of mutually reinforcing measures and initiatives aimed at achieving climate neutrality in the EU by 2050, and sets out a new growth strategy that aims to transform the Union into a fair and prosperous society, with a modern, resource-efficient, technology-neutral and competitive economy based on research and innovation as well as green jobs, where economic growth is decoupled from resource use, leaving no economic sector behind. It also aims to protect, conserve and enhance the Union's natural capital, and protect the health and well-being of citizens from environment-related risks and impacts. At the same time, this transition affects women and men differentlydifferent regions and Member States, with different starting points and natural conditions, different economic sectors and residents of the European Union and has a particular impact especially on some disadvantaged groups, such as older people, persons with disabilities, people and families on lower incomes and persons with a minority racial or ethnic background. It must therefore be ensured that the transition is just and inclusive, leaving no one behindtaking into account the unequal starting points of regions, countries, economies and domestic sectors, as well as populations and households, all of whom will face the greatest challenges of a transition which, for some, may otherwise even lead to energy poverty. _________________ 31 Commission Communication - The European Green Deal, COM(2019) 640 final of 11 December 2019.
Amendment 18 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 4
Recital 4
(4) In Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council 32 (‘European Climate Law’), the Union has enshrined into legislation the target of economy-wide climate neutrality by 2050, while ensuring that the competitiveness and technological neutrality of the EU economy is maintained. That Regulation also establishes a binding Union domestic reduction commitment of net greenhouse gas emissions (emissions after deduction of removals) of at least 55% below 1990 levels by 2030, taking into account the different starting positions in Member States and regions as well as the principle that no one should be left behind in transition. _________________ 32 Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (‘European Climate Law’) (OJ L 243, 9.7.2021, p. 1).
Amendment 21 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 5
Recital 5
(5) In order to implement those commitments as well as the Union’s contributions under the Paris Agreement33 adopted under the UNFCCC, the Union regulatory framework to achieve the greenhouse gas emission reduction target should be adaptedfor both 2030 and beyond 2030 should be adapted as well as the development strategies at national, regional and local level taking into account the importance of domestic energy efficiency, self- sufficiency and independence, as well as the social consequences of the transition. _________________ 33 Paris Agreement (OJ L 282, 19.10.2016, p. 4).
Amendment 22 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 6
Recital 6
(6) Regulation (EU) 2018/842 lays down obligations on Member States with respect to their minimum contributions for the period from 2021 to 2030 to fulfilling the Union’s current target of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 30 % below 2005 levels in 2030 in the sectors covered by Article 2 of that Regulation. It also lays down rules on determining annual emission allocations and for the evaluation of Member States’ progress towards meeting their minimum contributions. In doing so, an appropriate flexibility shall be provided to Member States in the choice of means and methods of achieving that objective.
Amendment 24 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 7
Recital 7
(7) While emissions trading will also apply to greenhouse gas emissions from road and maritime transport as well as buildings, the scope of Regulation (EU) 2018/842 will be maintained. Regulation (EU) 2018/842 will therefore continue applying to the greenhouse gas emissions from domestic navigation, but not to those from international navigation. Greenhouse gas emissions of a Member State within the scope of Regulation (EU) 2018/842 to be taken into account for compliance checks will continue to be determined upon completion of inventory reviews in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and the Council34 corroborated with the most recent available data at Union and international level, whereby it is imperative that the latest available data at national, Union and international level are taken into account for the compliance check, providing a realistic picture of the actual situation. _________________ 34 Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 1).
Amendment 25 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 8
Recital 8
(8) In its Communication of 17 September 2020 the Commission35 indicated that the increased 2030 overall target can only be achieved with the contribution of all sectors. However, the social aspect of the transition needs to be taken into account, ensuring that green jobs are maintained or created, including through research and innovation, and that the achievement of overall targets does not lead to energy poverty, in which the economically weakest are the most affected. _________________ 35 COM/(2020/0860) 562 final.
Amendment 26 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 9
Recital 9
(9) In its conclusions of 11 December 2020 the European Council mentioned that the 2030 target will be delivered collectively by the Union in the most cost- effective manner possible, that all Member States will participate in this effort, taking into account considerations of fairness and solidarity, while leaving no one behind, and that the new 2030 target needs to be achieved in a way that preserves the Union’s competitiveness in terms of industries and economies as well as agriculture and takes account of Member States’ different starting points and specific national circumstances and, physical geographical characteristics and natural conditions as well as emission reduction potential, including those of island Member States and islands and remote regions, as well as efforts made.
Amendment 30 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 11
Recital 11
(11) For that purpose, the greenhouse gas emission reduction target for 2030 needs to be revised for each Member State, taking due account of the social aspect and the social consequences that could result from emission reductions. The revision of the greenhouse gas emission reduction target should use the same methodology that was followed when Regulation (EU) 2018/842 was first adopted, where the national contributions were determined in consideration of the different capacities and cost-efficiency opportunities in Member States so to ensure a fair and balanced distribution of the effort and to ensure social and development cohesiveness within each country as well as at EU level. The reduction of the maximum greenhouse gas emissions for each Member State in 2030 should thus be determined in relation to the level of its 2005 reviewed greenhouse gas emissions covered by this Regulation, excluding verified greenhouse gas emissions from installations that operated in 2005 and which were only included in the emission trading system of the Union after 2005.
Amendment 32 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 12
Recital 12
(12) As a consequence, it will be necessary to set, as from the year of adoption of this Regulation, new binding national limits, expressed in annual emission allocations, progressively and with ensured flexibility for Member States leading to the 2030 target of each Member State, while keeping in force the annual limits established for the years preceding it as set in Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/212636. _________________ 36 Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/2126 of 16 December 2020 on setting out the annual emission allocations of the Member States for the period from 2021 to -2030 pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/842 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 426, 17.12.2018, p. 58).
Amendment 32 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 3
Recital 3
(3) The European Green Deal31 combines a comprehensive set of mutually reinforcing measures and initiatives aimed at achieving climate neutrality in the Union by 2050, and sets out a new growth strategy that aims to transform the Union into a fair and prosperous society, with a modern, resource-efficient and, competitive economyand technology-neutral economy based on research and innovation as well as green jobs, where economic growth is decoupled from resource use, leaving no economic sector behind. It also aims to protect, conserve and enhance the Union's natural capital, and protect the health and well- being of citizens from environment-related risks and impacts. At the same time, this transition affects women and men differentlydifferent regions and Member States, with very different starting points and natural conditions, different economic sectors and residents of the European Union and has a particular impact especially on some disadvantaged groups, such as older people, persons with disabilities, people and families on lower incomes and persons with a minority racial or ethnic background. It must therefore be ensured that the transition is just and inclusive, leaving no one behindtaking into account the unequal starting points of regions, countries, economies and domestic sectors, as well as populations and households, all of whom will face the greatest challenges of a transition which, for some, may otherwise even lead to energy poverty. __________________ 31 Commission Communication - The European Green Deal, COM(2019) 640 final of 11 December 2019.
Amendment 33 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 12 a (new)
Recital 12 a (new)
Amendment 35 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 13
Recital 13
(13) The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the Union’s economy and its level of emissions to a degree that cannot yet be fully quantified. On the other hand, the Union is deploying its largest stimulus package ever, also having a potential impact on the level of emissions. Due to those uncertainties, it is appropriate to review the emissions datathe emissions data should be reviewed again in 2025 and, if necessary, readjust the annual emission allocations readjusted by Member States, taking into account the most recent data.
Amendment 37 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 4
Recital 4
(4) In Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council32 (‘European Climate Law’), the Union has enshrined into legislation the target of economy-wide climate neutrality by 2050, while ensuring that the competitiveness and technological neutrality of the EU economy is maintained. That Regulation also establishes a binding Union domestic reduction commitment of net greenhouse gas emissions (emissions after deduction of removals) of at least 55% below 1990 levels by 2030, taking into account the different starting positions in Member States and regions as well as the principle that no one should be left behind in transition. __________________ 32 Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (‘European Climate Law’) (OJ L 243, 9.7.2021, p. 1).
Amendment 39 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 14
Recital 14
(14) It is thereforen so far as the data of Member States in 2025 deviate significantly from the baseline data, it is appropriate to update in 2025 the annual emission allocations for the years 2026 to 2030. This should be based on a comprehensive review of the national inventory data carried out by the Commission in order to determine the average of the greenhouse gas emissions of each Member State during the years 2021, 2022 and 2023.
Amendment 40 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 5
Recital 5
(5) In order to implement those commitments as well as the Union’s contributions under the Paris Agreement33 adopted under the UNFCCC, the Union regulatory framework to achieve the greenhouse gas emission reduction target should be adaptedfor both 2030 and beyond 2030 should be adapted as well as the development strategies at national, regional and local level taking into account the importance of domestic energy efficiency, self- sufficiency and independence, as well as the social consequences of the transition. __________________ 33 Paris Agreement (OJ L 282, 19.10.2016, p. 4).
Amendment 42 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 6
Recital 6
(6) Regulation (EU) 2018/842 lays down obligations on Member States with respect to their minimum contributions for the period from 2021 to 2030 to fulfilling the Union’s current target of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 30 % below 2005 levels in 2030 in the sectors covered by Article 2 of that Regulation. It also lays down rules on determining annual emission allocations and for the evaluation of Member States’ progress towards meeting their minimum contributions. In this regard, Member States shall be given appropriate flexibility as to the choice of means and methods for achieving that objective.
Amendment 44 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 7
Recital 7
(7) While emissions trading will also apply to greenhouse gas emissions from road and maritime transport as well as buildings, the scope of Regulation (EU) 2018/842 will be maintained. Regulation (EU) 2018/842 will therefore continue applying to the greenhouse gas emissions from domestic navigation, but not to those from international navigation. Greenhouse gas emissions of a Member State within the scope of Regulation (EU) 2018/842 to be taken into account for compliance checks will continue to be determined upon completion of inventory reviews in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and the Council34, whereby it is imperative that the latest available data at national, Union and international level are taken into account for the compliance check, providing a realistic picture of the actual situation. __________________ 34 Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 1).
Amendment 45 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 18
Recital 18
(18) The setting of more ambitious targets under Regulation (EU) 2018/841 will decrease the capacity of Member States to generate net removals that can be used for compliance under Regulation (EU) 2018/842. In addition, the split of the use of the LULUCF flexibility into two separate time periods, will further limit the availability of net removals for the purpose of compliance with Regulation (EU) 2018/842. As a result, some Member States may face challenges in meeting their targets under Regulation (EU) 2018/842, while some Member States, the same or other, may generate net removals that cannot be used for compliance with Regulation (EU) 2018/842. As long as the Union objectives as set out in Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 are met, in particular with regard to the maximum limit of the contribution of net removals, it is appropriate to create a new voluntary mechanism, in the form of an additional reserve, that will help adhering Member States to comply with their obligations.
Amendment 47 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 8
Recital 8
(8) In its Communication of 17 September 202035 the Commission indicated that the increased 2030 overall target can only be achieved with the contribution of all sectors. However, the social aspect of the transition needs to be taken into account, ensuring that green jobs are maintained or created, including through research and innovation, and that the achievement of overall targets does not lead to energy poverty, in which the economically weakest are the most affected. __________________ 35 COM(2020) 562 final.
Amendment 49 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 9
Recital 9
(9) In its conclusions of 11 December 2020 the European Council mentioned that the 2030 target will be delivered collectively by the Union in the most cost- effective manner possible, that all Member States will participate in this effort, taking into account considerations of fairness and solidarity, while leaving no one behind, and that the new 2030 target needs to be achieved in a way that preserves the Union’s competitiveness in terms of industries and economies as well as agriculture and takes account of Member States’ different starting points and specific national circumstances and, physical geographical characteristics and natural conditions as well as emission reduction potential, including those of island Member States and islands and remote regions, as well as efforts made.
Amendment 54 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Regulation (EU) 2018/842
Article 4 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 2
Article 4 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 2
For the years 2021 and 2022, it shall determine the annual emission allocations based on a2005 data and a further comprehensive review of the most recent national inventory data for the years 2005 and 2016 to 2018 submitted by the Member States pursuant to Article 7 of Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 and indicate the corresponding value for the 2005 greenhouse gas emissions of each Member State used to determine those annual emission allocations.
Amendment 58 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 11
Recital 11
(11) For that purpose, the greenhouse gas emission reduction target for 2030 needs to be revised for each Member State, taking due account of the social aspect and the social consequences that could result from the dynamics of greenhouse gas emission reductions. The revision of the greenhouse gas emission reduction target should use the same methodology that was followed when Regulation (EU) 2018/842 was first adopted, where the national contributions were determined in consideration of the different capacities and cost-efficiency opportunities in Member States so as to ensure a fair and balanced distribution of the effort and to ensure social and development cohesiveness within each country as well as at EU level. The reduction of the maximum greenhouse gas emissions for each Member State in 2030 should thus be determined in relation to the level of its 2005 reviewed greenhouse gas emissions covered by this Regulation, excluding verified greenhouse gas emissions from installations that operated in 2005 and which were only included in the emission trading system of the Union after 2005.
Amendment 63 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 12
Recital 12
(12) As a consequence, it will be necessary to set, as from the year of adoption of this Regulation, new binding national limits, expressed in annual emission allocations, progressively and with guaranteed flexibility for Member States leading to the 2030 target of each Member State, while keeping in force the annual limits established for the years preceding it as set in Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/212636. __________________ 36 Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/2126 of 16 December 2020 on setting out the annual emission allocations of the Member States for the period from 2021 to 2030 pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/842 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 426, 17.12.2018, p. 58).
Amendment 65 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 12 a (new)
Recital 12 a (new)
(12a) In order to ensure that the administrative burden both on states and on the economy is minimised and that the 2030 targets are effectively achieved in each Member State, it is appropriate for a non-binding harmonised approach to be set out at EU level for all Member States or for the Commission to propose potential baseline implementation measures and, where needed, to provide technical support to help Member States achieve the targets.
Amendment 68 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 13
Recital 13
(13) The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the Union’s economy and its level of emissions to a degree that cannot yet be fully quantified. On the other hand, the Union is deploying its largest stimulus package ever, also having a potential impact on the level of emissions. Due to those uncertainties, it is appropriate to review the emissions datathe emissions data should be reviewed again in 2025 and, if necessary, readjust the annual emission allocations for each Member State should be readjusted, taking into account the most recent data.
Amendment 69 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 14
Recital 14
(14) It is thereforf the data for Member States deviate significantly in 2025 from the baseline data, it would be appropriate to update in 2025 the annual emission allocations for the years 2026 to 2030. This should be based on a comprehensive review of the national inventory data carried out by the Commission in order to determine the average of the greenhouse gas emissions of each Member State during the years 2021, 2022 and 2023.
Amendment 79 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 18
Recital 18
(18) The setting of more ambitious targets under Regulation (EU) 2018/841 will decrease the capacity of Member States to generate net removals that can be used for compliance under Regulation (EU) 2018/842. In addition, the split of the use of the LULUCF flexibility into two separate time periods, will further limit the availability of net removals for the purpose of compliance with Regulation (EU) 2018/842. As a result, some Member States may face challenges in meeting their targets under Regulation (EU) 2018/842, while some Member States, the same or other, may generate net removals that cannot be used for compliance with Regulation (EU) 2018/842. As long as the Union objectives as set out in Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 are met, in particular with regard to the maximum limit of the contribution of net removals, it is appropriate to create a new voluntary mechanism, in the form of an additional reserve, that will help adhering Member States to comply with their obligations.
Amendment 104 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Regulation (EU) 2018/842
Article 4 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1 a (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1 a (new)
For the years 2021 and 2022, it shall determine the annual emission allocations based on a2005 data and a further comprehensive review of the most recent national inventory data for the years 2005 and 2016 to 2018 submitted by the Member States pursuant to Article 7 of Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 and indicate the value for the 2005 greenhouse gas emissions of each Member State used to determine those annual emission allocations.