Activities of Matthijs van MILTENBURG related to 2015/2103(INL)
Shadow opinions (1)
OPINION with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotic
Amendments (28)
Amendment 2 #
Draft opinion
Citation 1 a (new)
Citation 1 a (new)
- having regard to the Declaration of Amsterdam of the Council, of 14-15 April 2016, on Cooperation in the field of connected and automated driving,
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion
Citation 1 b (new)
Citation 1 b (new)
- having regard to the to the European Parliament's resolution of 29 October 2015 on safe use of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS), commonly known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), in the field of civil aviation,
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A
Recital A
Amendment 8 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. takes view that the impact of automated vehicles on enhancing transport safety might potentially be a major one, since human errors are currently responsible for about 90% of road accidents; notes however that it will be impossible for automated vehicles to eliminate all accidents, which raiseswithout an appropriate internal market regulatory framework it will be difficult to decrease the risk of accidents involving automated vehicles, This raises liability issues and questions of responsibility for car accidents;
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas now that humankind stands on the threshold of an era when ever more sophisticated robots, bots, androids and other manifestations of artificial intelligence ("AI") seem poised to unleash a new industrial revolution, which is likely to leave no stratum of society untouched, it is vitally important for the legislature to consider all its implicationthe growing development and use of artificial intelligence applications is increasingly reducing the marginal cost of producing and distributing goods and services, raising the need to comprehensively assess the implications of these developments on the EU's values and fundamental rights as well as on fundamental principles related to the rule of law and ethics;
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)
Paragraph 1 a (new)
1a. welcomes the numerous developments concerning robotics in all modes of transport, such as self-driving cars, ships and drones;
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)
Paragraph 1 a (new)
1a. stresses the importance of supporting further innovation in robotics, such as connected and automated vehicles and drones, to strengthen the global market position of Union industry;
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D a (new)
Recital D a (new)
Da. whereas machine learning offers enormous economic and innovative benefits for society by vastly improving the ability to analyse data, while also raising challenges to ensure non- discrimination, due process, transparency and understandability in decision-making processes;
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D b (new)
Recital D b (new)
Db. whereas similarly, assessments of economic shifts and the impact on employment as a result of robotics and machine learning need to be assessed;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E
Recital E
E. whereas at the same time the development of robotics and AI may result in a large part of the work now done by humans being taken over by robots, so raising concerns about the future of employment and the viability of social security systems if the current basis of taxation is maintained, creating the potential for increased inequality in the distribution of wealth and influence; widespread use of robots might not automatically lead to job replacement, but lower skilled jobs in labour-intensive sectors are likely to be more vulnerable to automation; whereas this trend could bring production processes back to the EU; whereas research has demonstrated that employment grows significantly faster in occupations that use computers more; whereas the automation of jobs has the potential to liberate people from manual monotone labour allowing them to shift direction towards more creative and meaningful tasks; whereas automation requires governments to invest in education and other reforms in order to improve reallocations in the types of skills that the workers of tomorrow will need;
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. notes that automated vehicles, vessels and aircraft systems can play an important role in developing sustainable transport (for example, through the potential for making savings in emissions) and calls on the Commission and Member States to pay attention to upcoming technical progressfully and timely reflect technical progress and promote innovation;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)
Recital E a (new)
Ea. whereas assessing the impact of the automation of jobs could benefit from a European debate on the desirability of a universal basic income;
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F
Recital F
F. whereas the causes for concern also include physical safety, for example when a robot's code proves fallible, and the potential consequences of system failure or hacking of connected robots and robotic systems at a time when increasingly autonomous applications come into use or are impending whether it be in relation to cars and drones or to care robots and robots used for maintaining public order and policing;trend towards automation requires that those involved in the development and commercialisation of artificial intelligence applications build in security and ethics at the outset, thereby recognizing that they must be prepared to accept legal liability for the quality of the technology they produce
Amendment 48 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. underlines that automated carvehicles, vessels and aircraft systems will require a high level of safe interaction with thecorresponding and developing transport infrastructure and that the high volume of data will need to be securely transferred in real time between automated vehicles and such infrastructure, while ensuring privacy and data protection;
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital I
Recital I
Amendment 66 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. underlines that it is necessary to focus on ensuring and strengthening the security of IT regarding automated carsmodes of transport;
Amendment 77 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. calls on the Commission to propose a single roadmapdevelop a shared European strategy for automated and connected vehicles and other transportation and for closer collaboration of all relevant stakeholderto review and adapt where necessary the Union regulatory framework to support the development and use of automated and connected vehicles;
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital M
Recital M
M. whereas, nevertheless, a series of rules, governing in particular liability and ethics and, transparency and accountability, are useful, reflecting the intrinsically European and universal humanistic values that characterise Europe's contribution to society, are necessary;
Amendment 96 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital Q
Recital Q
Q. whereas, thanks to the impressive technological advances of the last decade, not only are today's robots able to perform activities which used to be typically and exclusively human, but the development of autonomous and cognitive features – e.g. the ability to learn from experience and take independent decisions – has made them more and more similar to agents that interact with their environment and are able to alter it significantly; whereas, in such a context, the legal responsibility arising from a robot’s harmful action becomes a crucialn important issue;
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital T
Recital T
T. whereas, ultimately, robots' autonomy raises the question of their nature in the light of the existing legal categories – of whether they should be regarded as natural persons, legal persons, animals or objects – or whether a new category should be created, with its own specific features and implications as regards the attribution of rights and duties, including liability for damage;
Amendment 144 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Considers that a system of registration of advanced robots shcould be introduced, and calls on the Commission to establish criteria for the classification of robots with a view to identifying the robots that would need to be registered;
Amendment 170 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Notes that the potential for empowerment through the use of robotics is nuanced by a set of tensions or risks relating to human safety, privacy, integrity, dignity, autonomy, non-discrimination, ethics, security and data ownership;
Amendment 193 #
Motion for a resolution
Subheading 6
Subheading 6
Amendment 200 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
Amendment 206 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
Amendment 246 #
Motion for a resolution
Subheading 10
Subheading 10
Amendment 248 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16
Paragraph 16
Amendment 289 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23
Paragraph 23
23. Bearing in mind the effects that the development and deployment of robotics and AI might have on employment and, consequently, on the viability of the social security systems of the Member States, consideration should be given to the possible need to introduce corporate reporting requirements on the extent and proportion of the contribution of robotics and AI to the economic results of a company for the purpose of taxation and social security contributions; takes the view that in the light of the possible effects on thTakes the view that in the light of the possible effects on the labour market of robotics and AI, an inclusive debate labour market of robotics and AIt a general basic income should be seriously considertarted, and invites all Member States and other stakeholders to do so;