45 Amendments of Annie SCHREIJER-PIERIK related to 2013/0443(COD)
Amendment 36 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 8 a (new)
Recital 8 a (new)
(8a) Permanent and temporary grasslands throughout the European Union - which are maintained by the efforts of the farming community and their grazing livestock - play an important role in the mitigation of climate change, given the fact that grasslands are major factors of carbon sequestration.1 a __________________ 1a Cf. Conant, R.T. (2010). Challenges and opportunities for carbon sequestration in grassland systems. A technical report on grassland management and climate change mitigation. Integrated Crop Management, 10, 20ff. (A technical report prepared for the Plant Production and Protection Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).)
Amendment 38 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 8 b (new)
Recital 8 b (new)
(8b) European farmers and farmlands contribute to the achievement of environmental and air quality objectives to a large extent. Farmers should be remunerated accordingly within the CAP for both their current as well as their future efforts in this regard.
Amendment 45 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9 a (new)
Recital 9 a (new)
(9a) NH3 emissions in the Union were reduced by 27.9 % between 1990 and 2010.1a Hence the determination of emission ceilings for NH3 must entail the acknowledgement of previous efforts made by both individual Member States as well by the agricultural sector in the Union in general, whilst taking into account trade-offs with animal welfare. __________________ 1a Cf. Eurostat (2013). Agriculture, forestry and fishery statistics. 2013 edition. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 119.
Amendment 57 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 13
Recital 13
(13) In order to reduce atmospheric NH3 and PM2,5 emissions from the main contributors, national air pollution control programmes should include measures applicable to the agricultural sector. These measures should be cost-effective and should be based on scientifically obtained data and scientific conclusions whilst taking into account previous measures already implemented by Member States. Member States should be entitled to implement measures other than those set out in this Directive with an equivalent level of environmental performance owning to specific national circumstances.
Amendment 61 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 16
Recital 16
(16) Member States should establish and report emission inventories, projections and informative inventory reports for all air pollutants covered by this Directive, which should thenmust subsequently enable the Union to meet its reporting duties under the LRTAP Convention and its Protocols.
Amendment 66 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 8 a (new)
Recital 8 a (new)
(8a) Permanent and temporary grasslands throughout the European Union - which are maintained by the efforts of the farming community and their grazing livestock - play an important role in the mitigation of climate change, given the fact that grasslands are major factors of carbon sequestration.1 a __________________ 1a 1 a Cf. Conant, R.T. (2010). Challenges and opportunities for carbon sequestration in grassland systems. A technical report on grassland management and climate change mitigation. Integrated Crop Management, 10, 20ff. (A technical report prepared for the Plant Production and Protection Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).)
Amendment 67 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1
Article 1
This Directive establishes the limits for the Member States' atmospheric emissions of acidifying and eutrophying pollutants, certain ozone precursors, primary particulate matter and precursors of secondary particulate matter and other air pollutants and requires that national air pollution control programmes be drawn up, adopted and implemented and pollutant emissions and their impacts be monitored and reported.
Amendment 68 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 8 b (new)
Recital 8 b (new)
Amendment 72 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – point 2
Article 3 – point 2
2. ‘ozone precursors’ mean nitrogen oxides, and non-methane volatile organic compounds, methane, and carbon monoxide;
Amendment 73 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9
Recital 9
(9) Member States should comply with the emission reduction commitments set out in this Directive for 2020 and 2030. So as to ensure demonstrable progress towards the 2030 commitments, Member States should meet intermediate emission levels in 2025, set on the basis of a linear trajectory between their emission levels for 2020 and those defined by the emission reduction commitments for 2030, unless this would entail disproportionate costs. Where the 2025 emissions cannot be so limited, Member States should explain the reasons in their reports under this Directive.
Amendment 78 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9 a (new)
Recital 9 a (new)
(9a) Between 1990 and 2010, NH3 emissions in the Union were reduced by 27.9% 1 a. When setting new emission commitments, measures taken previously by the Member States should be duly recognised. NH3 emissions of agricultural origin are subject to biological processes and can therefore only be minimised, but not completely eliminated. __________________ 1a See Eurostat (2013). Agriculture, forestry and fishery statistics. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, p. 119.
Amendment 81 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9 b (new)
Recital 9 b (new)
(9b) In order to ensure the same market conditions in the EU, reductions in atmospheric NH3 emissions as a result of various measures should be taken into account in the national clean air programmes. These include Directives 91/676 / EEC1 a , and a 92/438 / EEC1 b. __________________ 1a Council Directive 91/676/EEC of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources (OJ L 375, 31.12.1991) 1b Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (OJ L 59, 8.3.1996)
Amendment 87 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11
Recital 11
(11) In order to promote cost-effective achievement of the national emission reduction commitments and of the intermediate emission levels, Member States should be entitled to account for emission reductions from international maritime traffic if emissions from that sector are lower than the levels of emissions that would result from compliance with Union law standards, including the sulphur limits for fuels set in Directive 1999/32/EC of the Council21. Member States should also have the possibility to jointly meet their commitments and intermediate emission levels regarding methane (CH4) and of making use of Decision n°406/2009/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council22 for so doing. For the purpose of checking compliance with their national emission ceilings, emission reduction commitments and intermediate emission levels, Member States could adjust their national emission inventories in view of improved scientific understanding and methodologies regarding emissions. The Commission could object to the use of any of these flexibilities by a Member State, should the conditions set out in this Directive not be met. __________________ 22Decision European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the effort of Member States to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to meet the Community’s greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments up to 2020 (OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 136).The Commission could object to the use of any of these flexibilities by a Member State, should the conditions set out in this Directive not be met. __________________ n°406/2009/EC of the 21 Council Directive 1999/32/EC of 26 April 1999 relating to a reduction in the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels and amending Directive 93/12/EEC (OJ L 121, 11.5.1999, p. 13).
Amendment 94 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 12
Recital 12
(12) Member States should adopt and implement a national air pollution control programme with a view to meeting their emission reduction requirements and intermediate emission levels, and to contributing effectively to the achievement of the Union air quality objectives. To this effect, Member States should take account of the need to reduce emissions in zones and agglomerations affected by excessive air pollutant concentrations and/or in those that contribute significantly to air pollution in other zones and agglomerations, including in neighbouring countries. National air pollution control programmes should, to that end, contribute to the successful implementation of air quality plans enacted under Article 23 of Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council23. __________________ 23 Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air in Europe (OJ L 152, 11.6.2008, p. 1).
Amendment 109 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 13 a (new)
Recital 13 a (new)
(13a) Regulatory duplication through Council Directive 91/676/EEC of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources must be avoided in the national transposition of this Directive. Directive 91/676 / EC already includes very comprehensive and detailed rules on increasing fertilizer efficiency, on the storage and application of fertilisers and thus avoiding nitrogen losses that have indirect positive effects on air quality.
Amendment 118 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 16
Recital 16
(16) Member States should establish and report emission inventories, projections and informative inventory reports for all air pollutants covered by this Directive, which should thenmust subsequently enable the Union to meet its reporting duties under the LRTAP Convention and its Protocols.
Amendment 126 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1
Article 1 – paragraph 1
This Directive establishes the limits for the Member States' atmospheric emissions of acidifying and eutrophying pollutants, certain ozone precursors, primary particulate matter and precursors of secondary particulate matter and other air pollutants and requires that national air pollution control programmes be drawn up, adopted and implemented and pollutant emissions and their impacts be monitored and reported.
Amendment 130 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point 2
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point 2
2. "ozone precursors" means nitrogen oxides, and non-methane volatile organic compounds, methane, and carbon monoxide;
Amendment 136 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point 12 a (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point 12 a (new)
12a. 'EU source-based air pollution policies' means Regulations or Directives which, irrespectively from the obligations set out in those Directives or Regulations, have as a goal, whether partially or not, to reduce the emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non- methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), ammonia (NH3) and particulate matter (PM2,5), by undertaking mitigation measures at the source, including at least, but not limited to the reductions of emissions accomplished by: - Regulation 94/63; - Regulation 97/68; - Regulation 98/70; - Regulation 1999/32; - Regulation 2009/126; - Regulation 2004/42; - Regulation 2007/46/EG, including Directive 15/2007, Directive 79/2009, Directive 595/2009 and Directive 661/2009 - Regulation 2010/75 - Directive 167/2013; - Directive 168/2013; - Regulation 2014/94;
Amendment 142 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1
Article 4 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall, as a minimum, limit their annual anthropogenic emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds other than methane (NMVOC), ammonia (NH3), and particulate matter (PM2,5) and methane (CH4) in accordance with the national emission reduction commitments applicable from 2020 and 2030, as laid down in Annex II.
Amendment 157 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – paragraph 2
Article 10 – paragraph 2
2. The reports referred to in paragraph 1 may include an evaluation of the environmental andimpact and shall include an exhaustive evaluation of the socioeconomic impacts of this Directive.
Amendment 158 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 1 a (new)
1a. The Commission shall, by 31 December 2016, submit a new proposal with revised reduction commitments for NH3 for 2030. With its proposal, the Commission shall ensure that: a) the same market conditions apply in the Union, b) a further harmonisation of reduction levels is achieved within the Union.
Amendment 161 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12
Article 12
The Union and the Member States, as appropriate, shall pursue bilateral and multilateral cooperation with third countries and coordination within relevant international organisations such as the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), including through the exchange of information, concerning technical and scientific research and development, with the aim of improving the basis for emission reductions.
Amendment 162 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1
Article 4 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1
Amendment 171 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1
Article 4 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1
Without prejudice to paragraph 1, Member States shall take all the necessary measures not entailing disproportionate costs to limit their 2025 anthropogenic emissions of SO2, NOx, NMVOC, NH3, and PM2,5 and CH4. The levels of those emissions shall be determined on the basis of fuels sold, or fuels used by a linear reduction trajectory established between their emission levels for 2020 and the emission levels defined by the emission reduction commitments for 2030.
Amendment 176 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Article 4 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Amendment 181 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Article 4 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Where the emissions for 2025 cannot be limited in accordance with the determined trajectory, the Member States shall explain the reasons in their reports submitted to the Commission in accordance with Article 9. Where those reasons, according to the Member States involved, consist in the failure to achieve the emission reductions that are intended, or should have been achieved, by implementing the EU source- based air pollution policies, the Commission shall, within one year after the submission of the report by the Member State, present a proposal to adapt the national emission reduction commitments set out in Annex II.
Amendment 186 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – part 1 – paragraph 1
Annex III – part 1 – paragraph 1
Where relevant, Member States shallould make use of the UNECE Guidance Document for Preventing and Abating Ammonia Emissions (Ammonia Guidance Document),1 and best available techniques set out in Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council2 as far as possible when implementing the measures set out in Part 1. __________________ 1 Decision 2012/11, ECE/EB/AIR/113/Add. 1 2 Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (OJ L 334, 17.12.2010, p. 17).
Amendment 198 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 1 – point d
Article 5 – paragraph 1 – point d
(d) they have not offset more than 240% of the NOx, SO2 and PM2,5 emission reductions calculated in accordance with point (c), provided that the offset does not result in non-compliance with the national emission reduction commitments for 2020 set out in Annex II.
Amendment 199 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 2
Article 5 – paragraph 2
Amendment 214 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 3
Article 5 – paragraph 3
3. Member States may establish adjusted annual national emission inventories for SO2, NOx, NH3, NMVOC and PM2,5 in accordance with Annex IV where non- compliance with their national emission reduction commitments or their intermediate emission levels would result from applying improved emission inventory methods updated in accordance with scientific knowledge.
Amendment 231 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – part 2 – point 1 – point a – point i
Annex III – part 2 – point 1 – point a – point i
(i) the policy priorities and their relationship to priorities set in other relevant policy areas, including agriculture, rural economic, industrial, mobility & transport, natural conservation and climate change;
Amendment 254 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 6 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1 – point d a (new)
Article 6 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1 – point d a (new)
(da) take account of measures pursuant to Council Directive 91/676/EEC of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources.
Amendment 260 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 6 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Article 6 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Member States shallmay, to the extent necessary, include the emission reduction measures laid down in Part 1 of Annex III or measures having equivalent environmental effect, with a view to meeting the relevant national emission reduction commitments.
Amendment 275 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 6 – paragraph 3 a (new)
Article 6 – paragraph 3 a (new)
3a. Member States may support the gradual elimination of the sources of low- level emissions by encouraging the replacement, in the transport and fuel supply sector, of porous hoses by emission-free hose technologies.
Amendment 305 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 7 – paragraph 5
Article 7 – paragraph 5
Amendment 325 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 9 – paragraph 3
Article 9 – paragraph 3
Amendment 333 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
Article 10 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
Amendment 345 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – paragraph 2
Article 10 – paragraph 2
2. The reports referred to in paragraph 1 may include an evaluation of the environmental andimpact and shall include a comprehensive evaluation of the socioeconomic impacts of this Directive.
Amendment 358 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 1
Article 12 – paragraph 1
The Union and the Member States, as appropriate, shall pursue bilateral and multilateral cooperation with third countries and coordination within relevant international organisations such as the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), including through the exchange of information, concerning technical and scientific research and development, with the aim of improving the basis for emission reductions.
Amendment 379 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – table a – heading
Annex II – table a – heading
Table (a): Emission reduction commitments for sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC). Fuels sold or fuels used, base year 2005.
Amendment 390 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – table b – heading
Annex II – table b – heading
Table (b): Emission reduction commitments for ammonia (NH3), fine particulate matter (PM2,5) and methane (CH4). Fuels sold or fuels used, base year 2005.
Amendment 416 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – section 1 – paragraph 1
Annex III – section 1 – paragraph 1
Where relevant, Member States shallmay make use of the UNECE Guidance Document for Preventing and Abating Ammonia Emissions (Ammonia Guidance Document),33 and best available techniques set out in Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council34 when implementing the measures set out in Part 1. __________________ 33 Decision 2012/11, ECE/EB/AIR/113/Add. 1 34 Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (OJ L 334, 17.12.2010, p. 17).
Amendment 489 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – section 2 – point 1 – point a – point i
Annex III – section 2 – point 1 – point a – point i
(i) the policy priorities and their relationship to priorities set in other relevant policy areas, including agriculture, rural economic, industrial, mobility & transport, conservation of nature and climate change;
Amendment 491 #
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – section 2 – point 1 – point b
Annex III – section 2 – point 1 – point b
(b) the policy options considered to meet the emission reduction commitments for 2020 and 2030 onwards and the intermediate emission levels determined for 2025 and to contribute to further improve the air quality, and their analysis, including the method of analysis; the individual or combined impacts of the polices and measures on emission reductions, air quality and the environment; and the associated uncertainties;