35 Amendments of Jordi CAÑAS related to 2020/2216(INI)
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 8 a (new)
Citation 8 a (new)
- having regard to the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) reports of 2020 and to the Special Eurobarometer results “Attitudes towards the impact of digitalisation on daily lives”1a, __________________ 1a https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publ icopinionmobile/index.cfm/survey/getsurv eydetail/instruments/special/surveyky/222 8;jsessionid=0A2965AA1C68AA476CBA2 02BE3EE7448.cfusion07001?CFID=949 8722&CFTOKEN=32cd2e310977224c- A882F889-08D5-0E55- 6CDA27376F14C4BE
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Notes that the European Union needs to take urgent steps to close the gap with the US and China to be at the forefront of ensuring a competitive data- driven global economy and to become a leader in setting digital standards;
Amendment 12 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. SNotes the risks of incompatibility between approaches of different trading partners when it comes to the regulation of digital trade; strongly supports multilateral solutions for digital trade rules and calls for the plurilateral WTO negotiations on e- commerce to be concluded as a matter of urgency; regrets that, in the absence of global rules, EU companies are faced with non-tariff barriers in digital trade such as unjustified data localisation and mandatory technology transfer requirements; supports making the WTO moratorium on electronic transmissions permanent; calls for the EU to further work with partners, for instance within the OECD and WTO, to set global standards for AI, in the interest of reducing trade barriers and promoting trustworthy AI in line with the EU's values;
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. NStresses the centrality of data flows to digital trade, and that apart from being a means of production, data itself has become a tradable asset; notes that data access and processing are often indispensable to providing competitive digital services, notably in AI; calls on the Commission to adopt digital trade rules that increase the competitiveness of EU business and facilitate the free transfer of data flowsflow of non- personal data across borders while respecting EU data protection rules; highlights that in line with the GDPR, personal data can be transferred to third countries via adequacy decisions, standard contractual clauses and binding corporate rules; calls for data protection considerations to be raised in future trade agreements, with the aim to facilitate the adequacy decision process with trading partners;
Amendment 24 #
Draft opinion
Recital B a (new)
Recital B a (new)
Ba. whereas General Protection Data Regulation (EU) 2016/679 recital 71 recognises the right to not be subjected to e-recruiting practices where there is no human intervention;
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Welcomes the conclusion of the rules-based Asian Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement, which deepens the economic integration of the region; regrets, however, the lack of a robust sustainable development chapter in the RCEP; believes that the conclusion of the RCEP should encourage the EU to help set global rules for the digital economy; supports in this regard the establishment of an EU-US Trade and Technology Council and the work on a Transatlantic AI Agreement to help facilitate trade and the development of compatible rules and common standards in digital trade; calls on both parties to use the momentum of the new Biden administration to begin working on these issues urgently, and to find an agreement at the OECD on fair taxation for the digital economy;
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Underlines the role of digital trade and the use of blockchain for instance in facilitating access to global value chains for SMEs and contributing to women’s economic empowerment. making cross-border trade processes and commercial transactions more efficient and less costly; Highlights in particular the benefits these could bring to contributing to women’s economic empowerment and also using blockchain to facilitate due diligence for companies; Calls for Digital Trade to be a pillar of the EU's new Trade Strategy; Further calls for Digital Trade Chapters to be included in all future FTAs;
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Calls on the Commission to follow the ‘one in, one out’ principle in its future legislative proposals, and to address the fragmentation of the digital single market, remove any existing unjustified barriers, and support innovation by reducing red tape, and use the appropriate incentives that create a level playing field, such as stimulus-inducing fiscal policies and equal access to investment opportunities;
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Calls on the Commission to increase support for key enablers of the digital economyaim at an innovation-friendly regulatory environment for enablers of the digital economy and to strengthen the financial and institutional support for the European digital economy in close coordination with Member States and stakeholders;
Amendment 60 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Underlines that AI systems and algorithms must serve exclusively as an aid to human performance and comply with all rules ensuring respect for fundamental rights, including the protection of personal data and privacy, and the prohibition of arbitrary profiling; stresses that in no way must AI undermine autonomous rational choice by using data to manipulate behaviour and deceit;
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9a. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to strengthen their support to start-ups and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMS), via the Single Market Programme, Digital Innovation Hubs and the Recovery and Resilience Facility, in the development and application of digital technologies, in order to further drive digital transformation and thus enable them to fully develop their digital potential and competitiveness for growth and jobs in Europe;
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11
Paragraph 11
11. Calls on the Commission to work to position the EU as leader in the adoption and standardisation process for new technologies; highlights the need to work with industry and also with international partners on setting global standards; in this regard, welcomes the Commission’s proposal from December 2020 for a new transatlantic agenda, which highlights the importance of cooperating with the US on technology and standards;
Amendment 79 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Urges the Commission and the Member States to ensure that the implementation of AI enforces the dialogue between social partners and to allow trade unions access to the work floor, albeit in digital form, in order to promote collective bargaining and guarantee a human-centred and intersectional approach to AI at work;
Amendment 82 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)
Paragraph 3 a (new)
3a. Urges the Commission and the Member States to develop specific institutional support programmes to boost the digital transformation of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMS) and the self-employed, especially for the lowest paid categories where jobs can be routinized or where technical expertise lies elsewhere, as they are potentially at highest risk for computerisation;1a __________________ 1aTerri L.Griffith, Chester Spell and Katerina Bezrukova (2019), The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Self- Employment, CRSE.
Amendment 86 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 b (new)
Paragraph 3 b (new)
3b. Calls on Member States to assess the technological and non-technological barriers that hinder access to robots and wearable robotic devices such as occupational exoskeletons and active prosthetics by workers, especially ageing workers, workers with disabilities and those in physically demanding jobs;
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14
Paragraph 14
14. Welcomes the New Consumer Agenda proposed by the Commission, and encourages the Commission to update consumer protection legislation, where appropriate, to take better account of new technologies and potential consumer harm, especially for the most vulnerable groups and considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic;
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14 a (new)
Paragraph 14 a (new)
14a. Welcomes the New EU’s Cybersecurity Strategy for the Digital Decade, which is indispensable to secure citizens’ trust and fully benefit from innovation, connectivity and automation in the digital transformation, while safeguarding fundamental rights, and calls for the effective and speedy implementation of the measures outlined;
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14 b (new)
Paragraph 14 b (new)
14b. Calls on the Member States to implement without delay the European Accessibility Act, in order to effectively remove barriers for citizens with disabilities and ensure the availability of accessible digital services, as well as the suitability of the conditions under which they are provided, with the objective of achieving a fully inclusive and accessible Digital Single Market that ensures the equal treatment and the inclusion of people with disabilities; recalls the possibility of Member States and encourages the extension of the application of the Directive on the accessibility of the websites and mobile applications of public sector bodies to areas that are open for public use, especially in the health, transport, postal or telecommunications sector1a; __________________ 1aDirective(EU) 2016/2102 of 26 October 2016 on the accessibility of the websites and mobile applications of public sector bodies, par. 34.
Amendment 97 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Recalls that the use of AI applications, algorithms and process development affecting all aspects of work and workers’ rights, such as recruitment processes or people management through algorithmic management, must not discriminate against workers and vulnerable groups or reinforce inequalities on the pretext of gender, age, disability or nationality; encourages technology companies to involve disadvantaged persons in the development of their products and services to enhance inclusiveness in the digital sphere and bridge the digital divide;
Amendment 104 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5a. Encourages the Commission, Member States and companies to assess and balance the potential risks of algorithmic management of people and workers, in particular its lack of transparency, the potential feeling of loneliness and isolation and the potential challenges to workers’ right to privacy3a against the potential benefits such the early identification of stress, health problems and fatigue, the reduction of the exposure to harassment and violence, and the overall support of evidence-based prevention, risk assessment and targeted occupational safety and health (OSH) and inspections;3b __________________ 3aM van Rijmenam (2020), Algorithmic Management: What is it (and what's next)?, available at https://vanrijmenam.nl/algorithmic- management-what-is-it-whats-next/; M Möhlmann and L Zalmanson (2017), Hands on the wheel: Navigating algorithmic management and Uber drivers' autonomy, proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2017), December 10-13, Seoul 3bOSHA (2021), Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Occupational Safety and Health, Policy Brief
Amendment 109 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 b (new)
Paragraph 5 b (new)
5b. Notes that managerial decisions suggested by AI should be subject to checks by human beings who should remain legally responsible for the decision and the outcomes; stresses the need to work out the enforceability of the “right not to be subject to a decision which is based solely on automated processing and which produces legal effects or significantly affects data subjects” as well as of the right to obtain an explanation of the decision based solely on automated processing where the data subject has given his or her explicit consent recognised in Regulation (EU) 2016/679 recital 71;
Amendment 119 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Reiterates its call for legal protection for platform workers and teleworkers, as well as recognition of their status as such, to ensure that their entitlement to full social security protection is upheld; calls on the Commission to propose a legislative framework with a view to regulating telework conditions across the EU and ensure decent working and employment conditions in the digital economy;
Amendment 138 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to update the European Skills Agenda and the Digital Education Action Plan, so that workers can upskill andskills and qualifications needed to enhance employability, work efficiently and effectively alongside machines and boost digital skills are looked into and promoted and workers given a speedy access to training and retraining that allows them to become qualified for the challenges of the future world of work; calls on the Member States to update their national vocational and professional training and upskilling programmes so as to ensure digital literacy and promote digital inclusion (οn average, 16 % of EU workers fear that digitalisation will render their skills outdated2 ); __________________ 2 Cedefop, ‘Artificial or human intelligence? Digitalisation and the future of jobs and skills: opportunities and risks’, p. 3.
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23
Paragraph 23
23. Believes the regulatory framework needs to build public trust in AI while allowing companies to develop automated systems without losing the confidence of their customersupport the development of trustworthy AI systems and should ensure high consumer protection standards in order to strengthen consumer’s confidence in AI enabled products; believes also that the regulatory framework should ensure transparency, and provide for clear communication of the relevant requirements to both consumers and regulatory authorities;
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23 a (new)
Paragraph 23 a (new)
23a. Calls on the Commission to promote the exchange of information related to algorithmic systems between the Member States’ authorities and to support the development of a common understanding of algorithmic systems in the Single Market by issuing guidance, opinions and expertise;
Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23 b (new)
Paragraph 23 b (new)
23b. Considers that an examination of the current market surveillance legislation might be necessary to avoid its obsolescence and ensure that it responds ethically to the emergence of artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies and effectively protects European consumers in the Single Market; urges therefore the Commission to pursue a thorough analysis on this important matter in cooperation with Member States’ responsible authorities;
Amendment 154 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to improve occupational health and safety regulations in the context of human-machine synergies and to safeguard workers’ psychological and mental balance through expert support and an EU directive on work-related stress.by, inter alia, communicating with transparency about the changes in business needs, through expert support and an EU directive on work-related stress; calls on EU-OSHA to include these aspects in the EU-wide Healthy Workplaces Campaign dedicated to digitalisation and OSH to be launched in 2023;
Amendment 156 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9a. Highlights the importance of funding and delivering digital literacy programmes for persons with disabilities and calls on Member States to facilitate the access of persons with disabilities to assistive devices and connectivity, as well as digital upskilling and reskilling programmes;
Amendment 162 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9 b (new)
Paragraph 9 b (new)
9b. Invites Member States to extend the application of the Directive on the accessibility of the websites and mobile applications of public sector bodies to “private entities that offer facilities and services which are open or provided to the public” as stated in recital 34 of said Directive.
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29
Paragraph 29
29. cCalls on the Commission and the Member States to make use of innovative regulatory tools such as ‘regulatory sandboxes’ to help provide a clear path to scale-up for start-ups and small companies, regardless oftaking the risk profile and the possible welfare gain of their product into account; believes that these tools can help encourage innovation without any detriment to consumer protection;
Amendment 178 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 30
Paragraph 30
30. Believes that the use of AI in a high-risk AIcontext should be limited to specific and clearly warranted purposes, in full respect of the applicable law and subject to transparency obligations; underlines that thisonly a clear and legally certain legislative framework will be decisive for ensuring public trust and support for the necessity and proportionality of the deployment of such technologies; calls on the Commission to carefully consider whether there are certain use cases, situations or practices for which specific technical standards, including underlying algorithms, should be adopted; deems necessary, should such technical standards be adopted, that these are regularly reviewed and re-evaluated, given the fast pace of technological development;
Amendment 181 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31
Paragraph 31
31. Calls on the Member States to encourage and support the establishment of specialised review boards for AI products and services Commission and the Member States to ensure close cooperation and mutual recognition of decisions when enforcing the Member States to assess the potential benefits and potential harm stemming from high-risk, impactful AI-based projectsregulatory framework in order to prevent a fragmented Single Market;
Amendment 187 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32
Paragraph 32
32. Highlights the importance of education and research for AI; calls on the Commission and the Member States to establish an EU centre of excellence for AI; considers that this should be done with the involvement of universities, companies and research institusupports the establishment of the European Network of Artificial Intelligence Excellence Centres; believes that this network should help to strengthen the exchange of knowledge on AI, support AI related talent within the EU and attract new talent, foster the cooperations; believes that such a centre can help totween science and AI developers as well as provide specialised training and development for regulatory authorities;
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32
Paragraph 32
32. Highlights the importance of education and research for AI; calls on the Commission and the Member States to establish an EU centre of excellence for AI; considers that this should be done with the involvement of universities, companies and research institutions; believes that such a centre can help to provide specialised training and development for regulatory authorities, with the aim of ensuring the proper use of these technologies and protecting European citizens from potential risks and damages to their fundamental rights;
Amendment 197 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33
Paragraph 33
33. Calls on the Commission to update the existing liability framework in order to address new challenges posed by emerging digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, especially in the context of mode 5 services;