42 Amendments of Emilian PAVEL related to 2015/2103(INL)
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. there is a need to examine whetherpoints out the need to anticipate the implications of the spread of robots brics regardings welfare and social progress if this happens in situaand to identify the conditions, in which human labour is unnecessary within the traditional production and service structure – in other words, what conditions are needed in addition to financial security to ensure that people remaincluding legal provisions, that are needed to reach the EU 2020 targets in terms of employment and the fight against poverty and social exclusion in order to ensure that people benefit from a high level of social protection also in the digital age and are healthy, happy and active;
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion
Recital A a (new)
Recital A a (new)
Aa. Whereas all the research and innovation activities carried out under Horizon 2020, Article 19, shall comply with ethical principles and relevant national, EU and international legislation, including the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights and its Supplementary Protocols, with a particular focus on the principle of proportionality, the right to privacy, the right to the protection of personal data, the right to the physical and mental integrity of a person, the right to non-discrimination;
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion
Recital A b (new)
Recital A b (new)
Ab. Whereas the EU General Data Protection Regulation that will take effect in 2018, covers the developments in robotics and artificial intelligence and includes safeguards such as the restrictions of automated individual decision-making, which significantly affects the users;
Amendment 15 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)
Paragraph 1 a (new)
1a. stresses that while the development of robotics and artificial intelligence is accelerating, it is crucial to shape its course and to anticipate the possible consequences with respect to wealth distribution as well as employment and social policy;
Amendment 17 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 b (new)
Paragraph 1 b (new)
1b. calls on the Commission to propose a common definition for smart autonomous robots and their subcategories in the workplace by taking into consideration the following characteristics: acquisition of autonomy through sensors and/or by exchanging data with its environment, self-learning, existence of a physical support, adaptation of its behaviours and actions to its environment;
Amendment 18 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Considers that guiding ethical rules and principles for the design, engineering and use of robots and artificial intelligence are needed to complement the European legal framework;
Amendment 21 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 c (new)
Paragraph 1 c (new)
1c. believes that the increasing level of autonomy of robots should be accompanied by the adaptation of liability rules concerning the consequences associated with their actions or inaction, in particular in the workplace; calls on the Commission to consider the pros and cons of a compulsory insurance scheme linked to the obligation for a robot producer to take out an insurance policy covering the potential damage and failures caused by its robots;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 d (new)
Paragraph 1 d (new)
1d. highlights the importance of guaranteeing the safety and health of those interacting with robotics, in particular at the workplace; recalls that robots should be designed using processes ensuring human control and reversibility of robots’ operations;
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Believes that robotics and artificial intelligence, especially those with built-in autonomy and the possibility of self- learning, should be subjected to the primary robotics laws or principles, such as a principle that a robot may do not harm to a human being and must obey a human being; these principles should also be in compliance with the rights and principles enshrined in the CFR, in particular human dignity, the respect for private and family life, the protection of personal data, security, the freedom of expression and information, equality and non- discrimination, solidarity, and citizens’' rights and justice;
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. education must pave the way for the next generation to be able to live fully productive lives in a world which will be changed by robotisation and automation;
Amendment 26 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)
Paragraph 2 a (new)
2a. Considers that robots should not be designed to exploit vulnerable users by evoking an emotional response or dependency;
Amendment 27 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 b (new)
Paragraph 2 b (new)
2b. Underlines the "right to explanation" under the GDPR that allows users to ask for an explanation of an algorithmic decision that was made about them, thus ensuring fairness, inclusiveness and equality;
Amendment 28 #
2c. Calls for a strong collaboration between healthcare professionals and augmentation and rehabilitation robotics in order to fully respect the principles of medical ethics and make informed choices between the requirements of care efficacy, safety, patient independence, integrity, and privacy protection;
Amendment 29 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 d (new)
Paragraph 2 d (new)
2d. Urges the relevant stakeholders in the field of health (researchers, healthcare providers, psychologists) to address the psychological impact of human-robot interaction in therapy, especially on the development of emotional capabilities, notably in early childhood and with vulnerable persons; furthermore, insists that there is a clear understanding of the status and capacities of the robot, avoiding the creation of a bonding or dependence of vulnerable persons and children on robotics, hence isolating them from reality;
Amendment 30 #
2e. Considers that robotics and artificial intelligence technologies extract, collect and share information of a particularly sensitive nature with a wide range of stakeholders, especially in fields such as homecare and health, but not only; a) insists that robotics and artificial intelligence should place the data subject at the centre and in control of personal data; b) calls on the Commission to define an "ethics by design" framework for researchers, academia, engineers in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence, that should be based on the principles enshrined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (such as human dignity and human rights, equality, justice and equity, dignity, non-discrimination and non-stigmatisation, autonomy and individual responsibility, informed consent, privacy and social responsibility as well as the rights of the elderly, the integration of persons with disabilities, the right to healthcare, and the right to consumer protection), as well as on the principles of privacy by design and by default, proportionality and necessity, and on existing ethical practices and codes, without hindering research and technological developments;
Amendment 31 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 f (new)
Paragraph 2 f (new)
2f. Welcomes the existence of the European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies and hopes that its mandate will allow it to lead the development of a European ethical framework that is based on privacy, conscious engineering and empowered individuals, and places human dignity in the technologies of the future; calls on the Commission to gather and connect various EU projects and initiatives in the field of ethics in robotics, such as SPARC and RoboLaw;
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 g (new)
Paragraph 2 g (new)
2g. Calls on the Commission to investigate the societal effects of human enhancement through robotics, with a particular focus on social behaviour;
Amendment 33 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 h (new)
Paragraph 2 h (new)
Amendment 34 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 i (new)
Paragraph 2 i (new)
2i. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to promote a strong and transparent cooperation between the public, private sector and academia that would reinforce knowledge sharing in the field of robotics and constantly evaluate the ethical implications and respect of fundamental rights in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence;
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2 a (new)
Paragraph 2 a (new)
2a. highlights the necessity for educational systems to better reflect the development of robotics and automation; is concerned about the risk of destruction of jobs notably less qualified ones; calls for a massive professional training plan for the labour force focusing on digital skills and re-qualification; and supports the improvement of digital skills at school, including computer coding learning;
Amendment 40 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Calls on the Commission to ensure that any Union legislationthe development and use onf robotics and artificial intelligence will includeis governed by existing regulation and rules on privacy and data protection, the requirement to follow the principles of privacy by design and by default as well as the principles of proportionality and necessity regarding the processing of data; calls for the review of rules, principles and criteria regarding the use of cameras and sensors in robots and artificial intelligence in accordance with the Union legal framework for data protection;
Amendment 43 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)
Paragraph 4 a (new)
4a. Highlights the importance of preventing mass-surveillance through robotics and artificial intelligence technologies;
Amendment 44 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. an answer must be found to the question of what provisions might be necessary in termshighlights the need to take into account the impact of robotics and automation ofn the competitiveness of the labour force, if the artificial or geneticn particular if technological development ors supplementing of existing human capabilities results in people with extraordinary abilities, thereby alteringwhich could alter the meaning of the term 'disability' and conferring an unassailable advantage on people with access to such tools and intervenechnological innovations;
Amendment 44 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 b (new)
Paragraph 4 b (new)
4b. Highlights that the transparency and comprehensibility of the process by which domestic robots collect, process, and make use of personal data, including the terms of use of algorithms are key;
Amendment 45 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 c (new)
Paragraph 4 c (new)
4c. Calls for the education and training of consumers on how to use a robot or artificial intelligence technologies, with a focus on topics like safety and data privacy;
Amendment 46 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 d (new)
Paragraph 4 d (new)
4d. Calls for robots or artificial intelligence technologies to be designed with user friendly opt-out mechanisms (kill switches) that users can apply in case they notice an error or misuse of their data;
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Underlines that the free flow of data is a basis forparamount to the digital economy and is essential for the development of robotics and artificial intelligence; highlights that high security of robotics and artificial intelligence systems as a whole, including their internal data systems and data flows, is crucial for the adequate utilisation of robots and artificial intelligence; stresses that a high level of safety, security and privacy of data used for the communication between people and robots and artificial intelligence, together with high quality of voice recognition systems, has to be ensured; calls on the Commission and Member States to support and incentivise the development of the necessary technology, including security by design and channels of communication;
Amendment 54 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. points out that, whilst robotics and artificial intelligence promise real advantages in the short and medium term in terms of effectiveness and economy not only for production and trade but also in areas where human intelligence hitherto meant there were only humans (whose work will be increasingly unnecessary), there is a danger, there is a danger of the number of jobs in the field of robotics not increasing to match the number of jobs which are expected to be lost; calls on the Commission and the Member States, in cooperation with social partners and regional and local authorities where appropriate, to regularly assess the impact of robotics and artificial intelligence ofn the number of jobs in the field of robotics not increasing to match the number of jobs which are expected to be lostand types of job opportunities available and to identify information on new forms of employment; highlights that particular attention should be paid to the sectors where automation is less desirable;
Amendment 54 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5a. Calls on the European Commission to monitor the network learning processes in interconnected artificial intelligence or robots, with regard to potential misuse of personal data or security breaches that may arise, as well as data ownership, control, and storage;
Amendment 56 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 b (new)
Paragraph 5 b (new)
5b. Whereas, data breaches and cyber- attacks represent key issues, especially in the development of interconnected systems that collect and process large amounts of data, there is a need for complex implemented (by design) cybersecurity systems that can secure personal and machine generated data; considers end-to-end encryption key to securing data and encourages further research in this domain;
Amendment 57 #
Draft opinion
Subheading 4
Subheading 4
Drones (Remotely piloted aircrafts systems, RPAS)and unmanned robots in warfare
Amendment 65 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 b (new)
Paragraph 6 b (new)
6b. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to launch a broad inter- governmental policy dialogue aimed at achieving international consensus on: (a) the legal standards governing the use of currently operational unmanned weapon systems, and; (b) the legal constraints and/or ethical reservations which may apply with regard to the future development, proliferation and use of increasingly autonomous weapon systems;
Amendment 66 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 a (new)
Paragraph 4 a (new)
4 a. stresses that, due to the development of robotics and artificial intelligence, the differential between the creation and loss of jobs could represent a direct threat to the financial sustainability of social security schemes and unemployment insurance systems of the Member States;
Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 c (new)
Paragraph 6 c (new)
6c. Based on the outcome of the preceding consensus building process, the EU should work towards the adoption of a binding international agreement, aiming to restrict the development, proliferation and use of certain unmanned weapon systems;
Amendment 68 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 d (new)
Paragraph 6 d (new)
6d. Considers that any legislation on the use of drones and unmanned robots in warfare should be based on International Human Rights Law, International Humanitarian Law and Protection of the Right to Life under Custom, Law of Armed Conflict and General Principles of Law;
Amendment 69 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6 e (new)
Paragraph 6 e (new)
6e. Insists that in the implementation of the principle of distinction, those responsible for planning and conducting a military attack must take all feasible precautions to avoid erroneous targeting and the infliction of incidental civilian harm ("collateral damage"), as whilst some war drones and unmanned robots are programmed to make a distinction between civilians and military party, the decision making process in these cases is not clear;
Amendment 72 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 b (new)
Paragraph 4 b (new)
4 b. calls on the Commission and the Member States to explore the possibility of introducing a notification system prior to the establishment of robots and their relative participation to the companies turnover for the purpose of taxation and social security contributions;
Amendment 77 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 c (new)
Paragraph 4 c (new)
4 c. invites all Member States, in the light of the possible effects of robotics and artificial intelligence on the labour market, to consider the introduction of a general basic income;
Amendment 77 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Calls for a horizontal approach in the legal framework for robotics and artificial intelligence that combines already existing regulatory frameworks in various sectors that robotics would be applied to, such as transport, health, industrial manufacturing, telecoms, law enforcement and many others;
Amendment 79 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4 d (new)
Paragraph 4 d (new)
4 d. calls on the European Commission to regularly consult and involve social partners when adapting the regulatory framework for robotics and the digital economy;
Amendment 80 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
Amendment 94 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5 a. stresses that any processing activity carried out by robotics and artificial intelligence systems must be in full compliance with Union data protection law and must embed privacy by design and privacy by default principles;