Activities of Caroline NAGTEGAAL related to 2023/0081(COD)
Shadow opinions (1)
OPINION on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe’s net-zero technology products manufacturing ecosystem (Net Zero Industry Act)
Amendments (31)
Amendment 20 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 5
Recital 5
(5) The higher energy prices after the unjustified and unlawful military aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, gave a strong impetus to accelerate the implementation of the European Green Deal and reinforce the resilience of the Energy Union by speeding up the clean energy transition and ending any dependence on fossil fuels exported from the Russian Federation. The REPowerEU plan35 plays a key role in responding to the hardships and global energy market disruption caused by the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation. That plan aims to accelerate the energy transition in the European Union, in order to reduce the Union’s gas and electricity consumption and to boost investments in the deployment of energy efficient and low carbon solutions. That plan sets inter alia the targets to double solar photovoltaic capacity by 2025 and to install 600 GW of solar photovoltaic capacity by 2030; to double the rate of deployment of heat pumps; to produce 10 million tonnes of domestic renewable hydrogen by 2030; and to substantially increase production of biomethane which is essential to decarbonise heavy-duty transport and to get to the Union’s goal of net-zero by 2050. The plan also sets out that achieving the REPowerEU goals will require diversifying the supply of low carbon energy equipment and of critical raw materials, reducing sectoral dependencies, overcoming supply chain bottlenecks and expanding the Union’s clean energy technology manufacturing capacity. As part of its efforts to increase the share of renewable energy in power generation, industry, buildings and transport, the Commission proposes to increase the target in the Renewable Energy Directive to 45% by 2030 and to increase the target in the Energy Efficiency Directive to 13%. This would bring the total renewable energy generation capacities to 1236 GW by 2030, in comparison to 1067 GW by 2030 envisaged under the 2021 proposal and will see increased needs for storage through batteries to deal with intermittency in the electricity grid. Similarly, policies related to the decarbonisation of the road sector, such as Regulation (EU) 2019/631 and Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 will be strong drivers for a further electrification of the road transport sector and thus increasing demand for batteries. _________________ 35 Communication of 18 May 2022 from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, REPowerEU Plan, COM/2022/230 final, 18.05.2022.
Amendment 23 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 6
Recital 6
(6) The net-zero transformation is already causing huge industrial, economic, and geopolitical shifts across the globe, which will become ever more pronounced as the world advances in its decarbonisation efforts. The road to net zero translates into strong opportunities for the expansion of Union’s net-zero industry, making use of the strength of the Single Market, by promoting investment in technologies in the field of renewable energy technologies , electricity and heat storage technologies, heat pumps, grid technologies, sustainable aviation and maritime fuel technologies including renewable fuels of non- biological origin technologies, electrolysers and fuel cells, fusion, small modular reactors and related best-in-class fuels, carbon capture, utilisation, and storage technologies, and energy-system related energy efficiency technologies and their supply chains, allowing for the decarbonisation of our economic sectors, from energy supply to transport, buildings, and industry. A strong net zero industry within the European Union can help significantly in reaching the Union’s climate and energy targets effectively, as well as in supporting other Green Deal objectives, while creating jobs and growth.
Amendment 34 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 10
Recital 10
(10) To achieve the 2030 objectives a particular focus is needed on some of the net-zero technologies, also in view their significant contribution towards the path to net zero by 2050. These technologies include solar photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies, onshore and offshore renewable technologies, battery/storage technologies, heat pumps and geothermal energy technologies, electrolysers and fuel cells, sustainable biogas/biomethane, carbon capture and storage technologies and grid, smart grid technologies, and sustainable aviation and maritime fuel technologies. These technologies play a key role in the Union’s open strategic autonomy, ensuring that citizens have access to clean, affordable, secure energy. Given their role, these technologies, including their transportation infrastructure, should benefit from even faster permitting procedures, obtain the status of the highest national significance possible under national law and benefit from additional support to crowd-in investments.
Amendment 38 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 14
Recital 14
(14) A key bottleneck for carbon capture investments that are today increasingly economically viable is the availability of operating CO2 storage sites in Europe, which underpin the incentives from Directive 2003/87/EC. To scale up the technology and expand its leading manufacturing capacities, the EU needs to develop a forward-looking supply of permanent geological CO2 storage sites permitted in accordance with Directive 2009/31/EU36 . By defining a Union target of 570 million tonnes of annual operational CO2 injection capacity by 2030 and at least 300 million tonnes by 2040, in line with the expected capacities needed in 2030, the relevant sectors can coordinate their investments towards a European Net- Zero CO2 transport and storage value chain that industries can use to decarbonise their operations. This initial deployment will also support further CO2 storage in a 2050 perspective. According to the Commission’s estimates, the Union could need to capture up to 550 million tonnes of CO2 annually by 2050 to meet the net zero objective37 , including for carbon removals. Such a first industrial-scale storage capacity will de-risk investments into the capturing of CO2 emissions as important tool to reach climate neutrality. When this regulation is incorporated into the EEA Agreement, the Union target of 50 million tonnes of annual operational CO2 injection capacity by 2030 will be adjusted accordingly. _________________ 36 Directive 2009/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the geological storage of carbon dioxide and amending Council Directive 85/337/EEC, European Parliament and Council Directives 2000/60/EC, 2001/80/EC, 2004/35/EC, 2006/12/EC, 2008/1/EC and Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 (Text with EEA relevance), (OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 114). 37 In depth analysis in support of the Commission Communication (2018/773) A Clean Planet for all. A European long-term strategic vision for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate neutral economy.
Amendment 39 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 17
Recital 17
(17) To address security of supply issues and contribute to supporting the resilience of Union’s energy system and decarbonisation and modernisation efforts, the net-zero technology manufacturing capacity in the Union needs to expand. Union manufacturers of solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies need to increase their competitive edge and improve security of supply perspectives, by aiming to reach at least 30 gigawatt of operational solar PV manufacturing capacity by 2030 across the full PV value chain, in line with the goals set out in the European Solar Photovoltaic Industry Alliance, which is supported under the Union’s Solar Energy Strategy.38 Union manufacturers of wind and heat pump technologies need to consolidate their competitive edge and maintain or expand their current market shares throughout this decade, in line with the Union’s technology deployment projections that meet its 2030 energy and climate targets.39 This translates into a Union manufacturing capacity for wind of at least 36 GW and, respectively, for heat pumps of at least 31 GW in 2030. Union manufacturers of batteries and electrolysers need to consolidate their technology leadership and actively contribute to shaping these markets. For battery technologies this would mean contributing to the objectives of the European Battery Alliance and aim at almost 90% of the Union’s battery annual demand being met by the Union’s battery manufacturers, translating into a Union manufacturing capacity of at least 550 GWh in 2030. For EU electrolyser manufacturers, the REPowerEU plan projects 10 million tonnes of domestic renewable hydrogen production and a further up to 10 million tonnes of renewable hydrogen imports by 2030. To ensure EU’s technological leadership translates into commercial leadership, as supported under the Electrolyser Joint Declaration of the Commission and the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance, EU electrolyser manufacturers should further boost their capacity, such that the overall installed electrolyser capacity being deployed reaches at least 100 GW hydrogen by 2030. Union manufacturers of aviation and maritime fules need to further develop, scale up and produce sustainable fuels in order to reduce the transport sector’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 90% in 2050, as supported by the Renewable and Low-Carbon Fuels Value Chain Industrial Alliance and the Alliance for Zero-Emission Aviation. _________________ 38 Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: EU Solar Energy Strategy, SWD(2022) 148 final, 18.05.2022. 39 As per REPowerEU objectives set out in the REPowerEU Plan, COM/2022/230 final, and accompanying Commission Staff Working Document Implementing the Repower EU Action Plan: Investment Needs, Hydrogen Accelerator and achieving the Bio-Methane Targets Accompanying the Document : Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions REPowerEU Plan, SWD/2022/230 final, 18.05.2022
Amendment 48 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 41
Recital 41
(41) Where private investment alone is not sufficient, the effective roll-out of net- zero manufacturing projects may require public support in the form of State aid. Such aid must have an incentive effect and be necessary, appropriate and proportionate. The existing State aid guidelines that have recently undergone an in-depth revision in line with the twin transition objectives provide ample possibilities to support investments for projects in the scope of this Regulation subject to certain conditions. Member States can have an important role in easing access to finance for net-zero technologies manufacturing projects by addressing market failures through targeted State aid support. The Temporary Crisis and Transition Framework (TCTF) adopted on 9 March 2023 aims at ensuringshould preserve a level playing field within the internal market, targeted to those sectors where a third- country delocalisation risk has been identified, and proportionate in terms of aid amounts. It would enable Member States to put in place measures to support new investments in production facilities in defined, strategic net-zero sectors, including via tax benefits. The permitted aid amount can be modulated with higher aid intensities and aid amount ceilings if the investment is located in assisted areas, in order to contribute to the goal of convergence between Member States and regions. Appropriate conditions are required to verify the concrete risks of diversion of the investment outside the European Economic Area (EEA) and that there is no risk of relocation within the EEA. To mobilise national resources for that purpose, Member States may use a share of the ETS revenues that Member States have to allocate for climate-related purposes.
Amendment 49 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 42
Recital 42
(42) Several Union funding programmes, such as the Recovery and Resilience Facility, InvestEU, cohesion policy programmes, Connecting Europe Facilities or the Innovation Fund are also available to fund investments in net-zero technology manufacturing projects, which should be seen together with other funding instruments in order to ensure a value chain approach supporting net-zero technologies. Furthermore, the future Hydrogen Bank aims to support the production of hydrogen and the European Commission should monitor its effectiveness and assess the possibility to expand the scope of the Bank to other net- zero technologies, such as solar power and battery production. This should lead to a comprehensive EU financial support instrument combining the different energy funding instruments and thereby creating a better overview of the financial assistance supporting net-zero technologies. Where possible, information on the relevant national funding sources should be easily accessible as well as information on blending EU funding programmes with financial support from the European Investment Bank.
Amendment 56 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 55 a (new)
Recital 55 a (new)
(55a) Accessibility and connectivity of the full range of carbon dioxide (CO2) transportation modalities plays a critical role for the deployment of CCS projects and cross-border transportation. Modalities cover ship, barge, train and truck as well as fixed facilities for connecting and docking, for liquefaction, buffer storage and converters of CO2 in view of its further transportation through pipelines and in dedicated modes of transport.
Amendment 61 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 69
Recital 69
(69) At Union level, a Net-Zero Europe Platform, should be established, composed of the Member States and chaired by the Commission. The Net-Zero Europe Platform may advise and assist the Commission and Member States on specific questions and provide a reference body, in which the Commission and Member States coordinate their action and facilitate the exchange of information on issues relating to this Regulation. The Net- Zero Europe Platform should further perform the tasks outlined in the different Articles of this Regulation, notably in relation to permitting, including one-stop shops, Net-Zero Strategic Projects, coordination of financing, access to markets and skills as well as innovative net-zero technologies regulatory sandboxes. Where necessary, the Platform may establish standing or temporary subgroups an, also composed by stakeholders from the sectors concerned, and should invite third parties, such as experts or representatives from net-zero industries.
Amendment 66 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1
Article 1 – paragraph 1
1. This Regulation establishes the framework of measures for innovating and scaling up the manufacturing capacity and deployment of net-zero technologies in the Union to support the Union’s 2030 target of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55 % relative to 1990 levels and the Union’s 2050 climate neutrality target, as defined by Regulation (EU) 2021/1119, and to ensure the Union’s access to a secure and sustainable supply of net-zero technologies needed to safeguard the resilience of the Union’s energy system and to contribute to the creation of quality jobs.
Amendment 68 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point b a (new)
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point b a (new)
ba) the corresponding upgrading and adaptation of supply chain and transport connectivity infrastructure as well as maritime and hinterland connections, in view of ensuring the trade flows to and from the manufacturing sites to the Union’s markets.
Amendment 71 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 47
Recital 47
(47) A European Sovereignty Fund, financed exclusively by currently existing financial means such as reserves, decommitments, and budget cuts elsewhere if necessary, would provide a structural answer to the investment needs. It will help preserving a European edge on critical and emerging technologies relevant to the green and digital transitions, including net-zero technologies. This structural instrument will build on experience of coordinated multi-country projects under the IPCEIs and seek to enhance all Member States’ access to such projects, thereby safeguarding cohesion and the Single Market against risks caused by unequal availability of State Aids.
Amendment 78 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point a
(a) ‘net-zero technologies’ means renewable energy technologies66 ; electricity and heat storage technologies; heat pumps; grid technologies; renewable fuels of non-biological origin technologies; sustainable alternative fuels technologies67 ; electrolysers and fuel cells; advanced technologies to produce energy from nuclear processes with minimal waste from the fuel cycle, small modular reactors, and related best-in-class fuels; carbon capture, utilisation, and storage technologies and associated CO2 transport infrastructure; and energy-system related energy efficiency technologies. They refer to the final products, specific components and specific machinery primarily used for the production of those products. They shall have reached a technology readiness level of at least 8. _________________ 66 ‘renewable energy' means ‘renewable energy’ as defined in Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources 67 ‘sustainable alternative fuels’ means fuels covered by the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport, COM/2021/561 final and by the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and Council on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport COM/2021/562 final.
Amendment 83 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point a
(a) ‘net-zero technologies’ means renewable energy technologies66 ; electricity and heat storage technologies; heat pumps; grid technologies; renewable fuels of non-biological origin technologies; sustainable alternaviation and maritivme fuels technologies67 ; electrolysers and fuel cells; advanced technologies to produce energy from nuclear processes with minimal waste from the fuel cycle, small modular reactors, and related best-in-class fuels; carbon capture, utilisation, and storage technologies as well as the related transportation infrastructure; and energy- system related energy efficiency technologies. They refer to the final products, specific components and specific machinery primarily used for the production of those products. They shall have reached a technology readiness level of at least 8 along the value chain. _________________ 66 ‘renewable energy' means ‘renewable energy’ as defined in Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources 67 ‘sustainable alternative fuels’ means fuels covered by the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport, COM/2021/561 final and by the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and Council on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport COM/2021/562 final.
Amendment 85 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)
(aa) ‘sustainable aviation and maritime fuel technology’ means fuels eligible under Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport, [XXXX] and by Regulation of the European Parliament and Council on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport [XXXX].
Amendment 87 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point a b (new)
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point a b (new)
(ab) 'Hydrogen Valley’ means a geographical area – a city, a region, an island or an industrial cluster - where several hydrogen applications are combined into an integrated hydrogen ecosystem, which includes hydrogen production, transportation, storage and use uses in industry, mobility and buildings.
Amendment 88 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) ‘component’ means a small parnufactured element of a net-zero technology that is manufactured and traded by a company starting from processed materials;
Amendment 93 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point q
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point q
(q) ‘CO2 injection capacity’ means the annual amount of CO2 that can be injected in an operational geological storage site, permitted under Directive 2009/31/EC, provided with the means of transporting CO2 to the site, and with the purpose to reduce emissions or increase carbon removals, in particular from large scale industrial installations and which is measured in tonnes per annum;
Amendment 94 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 4 – paragraph 1
Article 4 – paragraph 1
1. By …[3 months after the date of entry into force of this Regulation], Member States shall designate one national competent authority which shall be responsible for facilitating and, coordinating and streamlining the permit-granting process for net-zero technology manufacturing projects, including for net- zero strategic projects, and to provide advice on reducing administrative burden in line with Article 5.
Amendment 105 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 6 – paragraph 9 a (new)
Article 6 – paragraph 9 a (new)
9a. The European Commission shall adopt guidelines to define the permit- granting requirements for net-zero technology manufacturing projects.
Amendment 108 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 8 – paragraph 1
Article 8 – paragraph 1
1. When preparing plans, including zoning, spatial plans and land use plans, national, regional and local authorities shall, where appropriate, include in those plans provisions for the development of net-zero technology manufacturing projects, including net-zero strategic projects and the relevant infrastructure. Priority shall be given to artificial and built surfaces, industrial sites, brownfield sites, and, where appropriate, greenfield sites not usable for agriculture and forestry.
Amendment 126 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 14 – paragraph 2 – introductory part
Article 14 – paragraph 2 – introductory part
2. Member States mayshall provide administrative support to net-zero strategic projects to facilitate their rapid and effective implementation, including by providing:
Amendment 131 #
An annual injection capacity of at least 570 million tonnes of CO2 shall be achieved by 2030 and at least 300 million tonnes by 2040, in storage sites located in the territory of the European Union or the European Economic Area or a third State with which the Union has concluded a Net-Zero industrial partnership with relevance for CO2 injection and storage capacities, its exclusive economic zones or on its continental shelf within the meaning of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and which are not combined with Enhanced Hydrocarbon Recovery (EHR).
Amendment 135 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 19 – paragraph 1
Article 19 – paragraph 1
1. Contracting authorities or contracting entities shall base the award of contracts for net-zero technology listed in the Annex in a public procurement procedure on the most economically advantageous tender, which shall include the best price-quality ratio, comprising at least the sustainability and resilience contribution of the tender, in compliance with Directives 2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU, or 2014/25/EU, 2022/1031 or 2022/2555 and applicable sectoral legislation, as well as with the Union’s international commitments, including the GPA and other international agreements by which the Union is bound.
Amendment 136 #
(b) where an innovative solution needs to be developed, the impact and the quality of the implementation plan, including risk management measures while maintaining the highest assurance of cybersecurity based on an all-hazards approach in accordance with article 7(2) and 21(2) of the NIS2 with the aim of preventing or minimzing the impact of incidents on recipients of their services an on other services based on technical and non- technical risk factors;
Amendment 139 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 21 – paragraph 1
Article 21 – paragraph 1
1. Without prejudice to Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty and Article 4 of Directive 2018/200173 and in line with the Union’s international commitments, when deciding to set up schemes benefitting households or consumers which incentivise the purchase of net-zero technology final products listed in the Annex, Member States, regional or local authorities, bodies governed by public law or associations formed by one or more such authorities or one or more such bodies governed by public law, shall design them in such a way as to promote the purchase by beneficiaries of net-zero technology final products with a high sustainability and resilience contribution as referred in Article 19(2), by providing additional proportionate financial compensation, tax credits, or other forms of State aid. _________________ 73 Directive 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources
Amendment 145 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 29 – paragraph 6
Article 29 – paragraph 6
6. The Platform may establish standing or temporary sub-groups dealing with specific questions and tasks. The sub- groups shall include the relevant stakeholders from the sectors concerned.
Amendment 147 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 31 – paragraph 1 – point b a (new)
Article 31 – paragraph 1 – point b a (new)
(ba) the consistency of the targets for domestic production of batteries with the goals set out in Regulation (EU) 2023/851 as regards strengthening the CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles, including the supply of the needed raw and advanced materials for battery production.
Amendment 148 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 31 – paragraph 2 – introductory part
Article 31 – paragraph 2 – introductory part
2. Member States and the national authorities they designate for this purpose shall collect and provide data and other evidence required pursuant to paragraph 1, points (a), (b) and (ba). In particular, they shall collect and report each year to the Commission data on:
Amendment 149 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 31 – paragraph 2 – point a a (new)
Article 31 – paragraph 2 – point a a (new)
(aa) the resilience of value chains of net zero technologies including the Union’s production capacity of chemicals, materials, and components for the production and assembly of net-zero technologies, and the competitiveness of the related sectors;
Amendment 162 #
Proposal for a regulation
Annex I
Annex I
Strategic net-zero technologies 1 Solar photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies 2 Onshore wind and offshore renewable technologies 3 Battery/storage technologies 4 Heat pumps and geothermal energy technologies 4a Hydrogen storage and transportation technologies 5 Electrolysers and fuel cells 6 Sustainable biogas/biomethane technologies 7 Carbon Capture and storage (CCS) technologies 8 Grid technologies and Utilisation (CCU) technologies, including transportation technologies 8 Grid technologies and fast charging technologies 8a Sustainable aviation and maritime fuel technologies 8b Sustainable propulsion systems such as electric motors, wind-assisted propulsion for ships, engines for sustainable aviation and waterborne transport