19 Amendments of Lukas MANDL related to 2020/2012(INL)
Amendment 3 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Highlights that the security and defence policies of the European Union and its Member States are guided by the principles of the United Nations Charter, and by a common understanding of the universal values of the inviolable and inalienable rights of the human person, of human dignity, of freedom, of democracy, of equality and of the rule of law; highlights that all defence- related efforts within the Union framework respect these universal values whilst promoting peace, security and progress in Europe and in the world;
Amendment 4 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Highlights that the security and defence policies of the European Union and its Member States are guided by the principles of the United Nations Charter, and by a common understanding of the universal values of the inviolable and inalienable rights of the human person, of freedom, of democracy, of equality and of the rule of law; highlights that all defence- related efforts within the Union framework must respect these universal values whilst promoting peace, security and progress in Europe and in the world;
Amendment 11 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Stresses that a Union framework regulating the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled systems in defence must respect all applicable legal regimes, in particular the international humanitarian law and the international human rights law, and be in compliance with Union law, principles and values; calls on the Union toand its Member States to develop joint mechanisms to quickly and thoroughly assess the inherent AI-related risks with regard to the application of Union law, and foresee necessary adjustment and enforcement where needed;
Amendment 19 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Considers that current and future defence-related activities within the Union framework will draw on AI, on robotics and autonomy, and on related technologies and that the Union must assume a leading role in research and development of AI systems in the defence field in order to achieve technological sovereignty and strategic autonomy; believes that the use of AI-enabled applications in defence could offer a number of direct benefits to the commander such as higher quality collected data, greater situational awareness, increased speed for decision- making, as well as greater reliability of military equipment and hence reduced human risk and human casualties; recalls that AI systems are also becoming key elements in countering emerging security threats such as cyber and hybrid warfare;
Amendment 23 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Considers that current and future security and defence-related activities within the Union framework will draw on AI, on robotics and autonomy, and on related technologies and that the Union must assume leading role in research and development of AI systems in security and defence field; believes that the use of AI- enabled applications in security and defence offer number of direct benefits such as higher quality collected data, greater situational awareness, increased speed for decision-making, as well as greater reliability of military equipment; recalls that AI systems are also becoming key elements in countering emerging and hybrid security threats;
Amendment 39 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Highlights that, based on a human- centric approach, the Union follows a path of responsibility and transparency, of protecting our citizens, and of defending our values, whilst seizing the opportunities that those technologies offer;
Amendment 49 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Underlines that the Union must be at the forefront of mastering those technologies by establishing well defined processes for their useand legislation for their use while avoiding overregulation, for understanding the related ethical aspects and for fostering an effective international rlegulatoryal framework that ensures meaningful human control over autonomous weapon systems in order to contains the inherent risks of these technologies and prevents use for malicious purposes; those include in particular unintended harm to persons, be it material or immaterial, such as breach of fundamental rightscalls, to that end, on the EU and its Member State to promote the discussion on lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS) in the UN CCW framework and other relevant fora;
Amendment 55 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5a. Highlights that, while international discussions have largely centred on the potential development of lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS), ethical aspects of other application fields for AI in the defence sector such as intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) or cyber operations must not be overlooked;
Amendment 62 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Stresses that for any defence application of AI enabled systems, the Union should set technical and organisational standards, according to the principle of "Security by Design", to ensure their resilience against cyber-attacks and digital influence, as well as their compliance with the highest possible trustworthiness standards as regards the collection, storage and exploitation of operational data;
Amendment 67 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Highlights the need to adopt clear reliability, safety and security provisions and requirements for AI-systems in defence, andto introduce transparency criteria in the various phases (design, production, operation) and to carry ourt regular tests and verifications across the entire life cycle; underlines the necessity of ensuring compliance with applicable standards and obtained certifications where AI modifies e.g. through machine learning the functionality and behaviour of systems in which it is integrated, in order to ensure full traceability of decisions made with involvement of AI as well as meaningful human control when such systems could kill humans;
Amendment 69 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Highlights the need to adopt clear safety and security provisions and requirements for AI-systems in security and defence, and carry our regular tests and verifications across the entire life cycle; underlines the necessity of ensuring compliance with applicable standards and obtained certifications where AI modifies e.g. through machine learning the functionality and behaviour of systems in which it is integrated, in order to ensure full traceability, explicability and accountability of decisions made with involvement of AI;
Amendment 73 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Underlines that AI learning techniques can pose various risks from an ethical point of view, for example, if the underlying data is biased due to ethnically biased population data or the deliberate alteration of learning data by a third party;
Amendment 75 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 7 b (new)
Paragraph 7 b (new)
7b. Highlights the fact that European legislation must be flexible and apply to any future technological advancements, and hence must prevent legal loopholes or grey zones as it was sometimes the case in the past;
Amendment 80 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Stressed that all AI-systems in defence must have a concrete and well- defined domain of use and must be endowed with the ability to detect and disengage or diseactivate deployed systems by humans should they move from their domain of use or engage in any escalatory or unintended action;
Amendment 90 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Underlines that the entire responsibility for the decision to design, develop, deploy and use AI-systems must rest on human operators and the human-in- the-loop, human-on-the-loop and human- in-command principles must also be applied to the command and control of AI- enabled systems especially when it comes to conflicts of objectives; stresses that AI- enabled systems must allow the military leadership to assume its full responsibility and exercise the necessary level of judgment for taking lethal or large-scale destructive action bey means of such systems;
Amendment 101 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 10
Paragraph 10
10. Underlines that the Union must promote a better understanding of the military implications, advantages and opportunities of AI, of robotics and of autonomy, including the potential for the European defence industry; considers that the Union needs to promote the acquisition of the necessary skills and knowledge on technology development processes and operational methods throughout the supply chain and over the full lifecycle of AI- enabled military capabilities;
Amendment 109 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 10 a (new)
Paragraph 10 a (new)
10a. Stresses the utmost importance of education and ethics-based training in the field of security and defence AI technologies with particular focus on ethics of semi-autonomous and autonomous operational systems based on human accountability;
Amendment 127 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 11 a (new)
Paragraph 11 a (new)
11a. Calls on the European Commission to establish a Working Group on Security and Defence within the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence that should specifically deal with policy and investment questions as well as ethical aspects of AI in the field of security and defence;
Amendment 132 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 12
Paragraph 12
12. CTakes note of the European Commission's White Paper on Artificial Intelligence and regrets that military aspects were not taken into account; calls on the European Commission and on the VP/HR to present, also as part of an overall approach, a sectoral AI strategy for defence-related activities within the Union framework, that should propose a consistent regulatory approach spanning from the inception of AI-enabled systems to their military uses and clarify the EU's position on lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS), respecting its resolution of 12 September 2018 on autonomous weapon systems (2018/2752(RSP)); calls on the Council, the European Commission and on the VP/HR to enter in a structured dialogue with the European Parliament to that end.