29 Amendments of Christian DOLESCHAL related to 2021/0201(COD)
Amendment 108 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 4
Recital 4
(4) In Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council30 , the Union has enshrined the target of economy-wide climate neutrality by 2050 in legislation. That Regulation also establishes a binding Union commitment to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions (emissions after deduction of removals) by at least 55 % below 1990 levels by 2030. All sectors of the economy are expected to contribute to achieving that target, including the land use, land use change and forestry sectorwith the highest priority being the reduction of fossil emissions. As regards the land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector, it can contribute to climate change mitigation in several ways, in particular by reducing emissions, maintaining and enhancing sinks and carbon stocks, replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy from biomass and by harnessing the removal potential of organic materials from sustainable forestry management and their potential as a substitute for fossil fuels, taking into account the entire life cycle of those materials, from production to the processing and manufacturing stages. The bioeconomy, bioenergy, sustained investment in research and innovation are indispensable on the path towards a fossil-free and green economy. The contribution of net removals to the 2030 Union climate target is limited to 225 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. In the context of Regulation (EU) 2021/1119, the Commission reaffirmed in a corresponding statement its intention to propose a revision of Regulation (EU) 2018/841 of the European Parliament and of the Council31 , in line with the ambition to increase net carbon removals to levels above 300 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in the land use, land use change and forestry sector by 2030. __________________ 30Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (‘European Climate Law’) (OJ L 243, 9.7.2021, p. 1).’. 31 Regulation (EU) 2018/841 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on the inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions and removals from land use, land use change and forestry in the 2030 climate and energy framework, and amending Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 and Decision No 529/2013/EU (OJ L 156, 19.6.2018, p. 1).
Amendment 124 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 5
Recital 5
(5) In order to contribute to the increased ambition to reduce greenhouse gas net emissions from at least 40 % to at least 55 % below 1990 levels, binding annual targets for net greenhouse gas removals should be set out for each Member State in the land use, land use change and forestry sector in the period from 2026 to 2030 (in analogy to the annual emission allocations set out in Regulation (EU) 2018/842 of the European Parliament and of the Council32 ), resulting in a target of 310259 millions of tonnes CO2 equivalent of net removals for the Union as a whole in 2030 and should take into account the most recent developments. The target for 2030 should promote and strengthen sustainable forest management which allows for the adaptation of forests to climate change in the long term, promotion of high substitution effects through the bio economy, an increase in sinks and the creation of carbon storage products including all relevant bio-based product categories that have a carbon sequestration effect. The methodology used to establish the national targets for 2030 should take into account the average greenhouse gas emissions and removals from the years 2016, 2017 and 2018, reported by each Member State, and reflect the current mitigation performance of the land use, land use change and forestry sector, and each Member State’s share of the managed land area in the Union, taking into account the capacity of that Member State to improve its performance in the sector via land management practices or changes in land use that benefit the climate and biodiversity. __________________ 32Regulation (EU) 2018/842 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on binding annual greenhouse gas emission reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030 contributing to climate action to meet commitments under the Paris Agreement and amending Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 (OJ L 156, 19.6.2018, p. 26).
Amendment 148 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 5 a (new)
Recital 5 a (new)
(5a) The progress towards the 2030 target should be reviewed and, if necessary, adapted in 2025 and 2027.
Amendment 150 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 5 b (new)
Recital 5 b (new)
(5b) Regulation 2018/841 will remain an accounting tool setting the overall ambitions and accounting rules in line with the Union Climate Law and the IPCC principles. Any conditions or measures for achieving the targets in land use and forestry sectors are already set in existing regulations or will be discussed in upcoming proposals, always reflecting the subsidiarity principle.
Amendment 177 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 7 a (new)
Recital 7 a (new)
(7a) The Commission should review the current system of reporting CO2 and non- CO2 greenhouse gas emissions within one reporting scheme before any new legislative proposal in that area is submitted. That review should reflect the difference between short lifecycle gases, such as methane, and long life cycle gases, such as carbon dioxide that remain in the atmosphere for more than 1000 years. The cyclical nature of biogenic methane emissions also needs to be considered within the reporting framework and how biogenic methane emissions differ from mined fossil methane.
Amendment 191 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 8
Recital 8
(8) The land sector has the potential to become rapidlytransition towards climate- neutrality by 2035 in a cost-effective manner, and subsequently generate more greenhouse gas removals than emissions. A collective commitment aiming to achieve climate- neutrality in the land sector in 2035 at EU level can provide the needed planning certainty to drive land- based mitigation action in the short term, considering that it can take many years for such action to deliver the desired mitigation outcomes. Moreover, the land sector is projected to become the largest sector in the EU greenhouse gas flux profile in 2050. It is therefore particularly important to anchor that sector to a trajectory that can effectively deliver net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. By mid-2024, the Member States should submit their updated integrated national energy and climate plans in accordance with Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council34 . The plans should include relevant measures by which each Member State best contributes to the collective target of climate neutrality in the land sector at EU level in 2035. On the basis of these plans, the Commission should propose national targets, ensurassess the aim of climate neutrality in the land sector in 2035 in light of the Union bioeconomy, substitution of fossil fuels, social aspects and the objectives laid down in Article 194 and Article 39 TFEU. If deemed feasible, the Commission should, by the end of 2025, submit a new legislative proposal with national targets aiming towards net zero greenhouse gas emissions in 2035, meaning that the Union-wide greenhouse gas emissions and removals in the land use, land use change and forestry sector and the emissions from the agriculture non-CO2 sectors arshould be at least balanced by 2035. Contributions to achieve that aim should be fairly distributed among sectors and Member States. Contrary to the EU level target of climate neutrality for the land sector by 2035, such national targets will be binding and enforceable on each Member State. __________________ 34Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p.1).
Amendment 192 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 8
Recital 8
(8) The land sector has the potential to become rapidly climate-move towards carbon neutrality by 2035 in a cost-effective manner,through carbon removals and subsequently generate more greenhouse gas removals than emissions. A collective commitment aiming to achieve climate- neutrality in the land sector in 2035 at EU level can provide the needed planning certainty to drive land- based mitigation action in the short term, considering that it can take many years for such action to deliver the desired mitigation outcomes. Moreover, the land sector is projected to become the largest sector in the EU greenhouse gas flux profile in 2050. It is therefore particularly important to anchor that sector to a trajectory that can effectively deliver net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. By mid-2024, the Member States should submit their updated integrated national energy and climate plans in accordance with Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council34 . The plans should include relevant measures by which each Member State best contributes to the collective target of climate neutrality in the land sector at EU level in 2035. On the basis of these plans, the Commission should propose national targets, ensurassess the aim of climate neutrality in the land sector in 2035 in light of the objectives laid down in Article 39 TFEU, the Union bioeconomy and the substitution of fossil fuels. Nevertheless, the first objective of Union agriculture should remain the production of high-quality and sustainable products. If deemed feasible, the Commission should then make recommendations for national and Union measures aiming towards net zero greenhouse gas emissions in 2035, meaning that the Union-wide greenhouse gas emissions and removals in the land use, land use change and forestry sector and the emissions from the agriculture non-CO2 sectors are at least balanced by 2035. Contrary to the EU lthat year. Contributions to achievel target of climate neutrality for the land sector by 2035, such national targets will be binding and enforceable on eachhat aim should be fairly distributed among sectors and Member States. __________________ 34Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p.1).
Amendment 234 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 10 a (new)
Recital 10 a (new)
Amendment 254 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 11 a (new)
Recital 11 a (new)
(11a) Considering that sustainable forest management enhances carbon sequestration and counters forest ageing, forest degradation and natural disasters, which are among the factors contributing to the decreasing carbon removals in the land sector in recent years, this Regulation should encourage sustainable forest management practices which contribute to climate mitigation and adaptation, as outlined in the EU Forest Strategy for 20301a. __________________ 1a Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - New EU Forest Strategy for 2030 (COM/2021/572final).
Amendment 283 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 15
Recital 15
(15) In view of setting out the net greenhouse gas removals targets for the Member States for the period from 2026 to 2030, the Commission should exercise a comprehensive review to verify the greenhouse gas inventory data for the years 2021, 2022 and 2023. For this purpose, a comprehensive review should be carried out in 2025 to review the target set for 2030 and adapt it, if needed, in addition to the comprehensive reviews that the Commission is to carry out in 2027 and 2032 in accordance with Article 38 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999. Those reviews should also assess the feasibility of the 2035 target of climate neutrality in light of the in light of the Union bioeconomy, substitution of fossil fuels, social aspects and the objectives laid down in Article 194 and Article 39 TFEU and adapt it, if necessary.
Amendment 291 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 16
Recital 16
(16) Due to the change to reporting- based targets, the greenhouse gas emissions and removals need to be estimated with a higher level of accuracy. Moreover, the Communication from the Commission on EU Biodiversity Strategy for 203038 , the Farm to Fork Strategy for a fair, healthy and environmentally-friendly food system39 , the EU Forest Strategy40 , the updated EU Bioeconomy Strategy40a , the Communication from the Commission on Sustainable Carbon Cycles40b, the revised Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council41 and the Communication from the Commission on Forging a climate-resilient Europe - the new EU Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change42 will all require enhanced monitoring of land, thereby helping to protect and enhance the resilience of nature-based carbon removals throughout the Union. The monitoring and reporting of emissions and removals needs to be upgraded, using advanced technologies available under Union programmes, such as Copernicus, and digital data collected under the Common Agricultural Policy, applying the twin transition of green and digital innovation. __________________ 38 Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 - Bringing nature back into our lives (COM(2020) 380 final). 39 COM/2020/381 final. 40 […] 40a Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - A sustainable Bioeconomy for Europe: Strengthening the connection between economy, society and the environment (COM/2018/673 final) 40b Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on Sustainable Carbon Cycles COM(2021) 800 final 41Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 82). 42 COM/2021/82 final.
Amendment 302 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 17 a (new)
Recital 17 a (new)
(17a) Given that the changes to the accounting rules generate additional compliance costs for the land use, land use change and forestry sector, compensatory actions need to be taken in order to prevent the increase in the total level of regulatory burden. The Commission should therefore respect the "One in one out" entry into force and present, before the application of this Regulation, proposals offsetting the regulatory burdens introduced by this Regulation, through the revision or abolishment of provisions in other Union legislative acts that generate compliance costs in the affected sector.
Amendment 355 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2
Regulation (EU) 2018/841
Article 2 – paragraph 2 – point g
Article 2 – paragraph 2 – point g
(g) hcarvested woodbon storage products;
Amendment 366 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2
Regulation (EU) 2018/841
Article 2 – paragraph 3 – introductory part
Article 2 – paragraph 3 – introductory part
3. This Regulation also applies, subject to the requirements referred to in Article 2(3a) hereof, to emissions and removals of the greenhouse gases listed in Section A of Annex I, reported pursuant to Article 26(4) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 and occurring on the territories of Member States from 2031 and onwards, in any of the land categories listed in paragraph 2, points (a) to (j) and in any of the following sectors:
Amendment 368 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2
Regulation (EU) 2018/841
Article 2 – paragraph 3 – point j
Article 2 – paragraph 3 – point j
Amendment 369 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2
Regulation (EU) 2018/841
Article 2 –paragraph 3 a (new)
Article 2 –paragraph 3 a (new)
3 a. Before 2025, the Commission shall: (a) assess the difference between the sources and cycles of biogenic and fossil methane emissions; (b) propose a methane calculation model based on net global warming impact, rather than on emission input figures, which do not take account of the cooling effect of reductions in cyclical methane emissions, in line with the Paris Agreement; (c) explore the development of a methane efficiency index that would compare kilos of methane generated per unit of output produced for different agricultural products; (d) conduct an impact assessment on the scope set out in Article 2(3) of this Regulation with regard to the objectives of Article 39 TFEU, the Union bioeconomy and the substitution of fossil fuels. Member States shall ensure a fair distribution between the sectors through appropriate national policies. The Commission shall analyse whether the national measures lead to a fair distribution of action between the sectors and Member States, without negatively impacting security of supply, the bioeconomy, or creating displacement effects.
Amendment 397 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
2. The 2030 Union target for net greenhouse gas removals is 310259 million tonnes CO2 equivalent as a sum of the Member States targets established in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article, and shall be based on the average of its greenhouse gas inventory data for the years 2016, 2017 and 2018.
Amendment 403 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Regulation (EU) 2018/841
Article – 4 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Article – 4 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Each Member State shall ensure that, taking into account the flexibilities provided for in Articles 12 and 13 and 13b, the annual sum of its greenhouse gas emissions and removals on its territory and in all of the land reporting categories referred to in Article 2(2), points (a) to (j), in each year in the period from 2026 to 2030 does on average not exceed the limit, established byquivalent to the cumulated values of a linear trajectory, ending in 2030 on the target set out for that Member State in Annex IIa. The linear trajectory of a Member State shall start in 2022.
Amendment 428 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Regulation (EU) 2018/841
Article 4 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1
Article 4 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1
3. The Commission shall adopt implementing acts setting out the annual targets based on the linear trajectory for net greenhouse gas removals for each Member State, for each year in the period from 2026 to 2029 in terms of tonnes CO2 equivalent. These national trajectories shall be based on the average greenhouse gas inventory data for the years 2021, 2022 and 2023, reported by each Member State. The value of the 310259 million tonnes CO2 equivalent net removals as a sum of the targets for Member States set out in Annex IIa may be subject to a technical correction due to a change of methodology by Member States. The method for determination of the technical correction to be added to the targets of the Member States, shall be set out in these implementing acts. For the purpose of those implementing acts, the Commission shall carry out a comprehensive review of the most recent national inventory data for the years 2021, 2022 and 2023 submitted by Member States pursuant to Article 26(4) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999.
Amendment 447 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Regulation (EU) 2018/841
Article 4 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 1
Article 4 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 1
4. The Union-wide greenhouse gas emissions in the sectors set out in Article 2(3), points (a) to (ji), shall aim to be net zero by 2035 and the Union shall achieve negative emissions thereafter. The Union and the Member States shall take the necessary proportionate measures to enable the collective achievement of the target for 2035, while ensuring the achievement of the objectives set out in Article 194 and Article 39 TFEU, prioritising substitution of fossil fuels and achieving a balance between emission reductions and removals. The land based carbon removals should be available for other sectors as per EU regulatory framework for the certification of carbon removals.
Amendment 458 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Regulation (EU) 2018/841
Article 4 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2
Article 4 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2
The Commission shall, by 31 December 2025 and on the basis of integrated national energy and climate plans submitted by each Member State pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 by 30 June 2024, make proposals for the contribution of each Member State to the net emissions reduction.’;: (a) conduct an impact assessment of the net zero greenhouse gas emissions target for 2035 in light of the objectives laid down in Article 39 TFEU, the Union bioeconomy and the substitution of fossil fuels; (b) based on the impact assessment referred to in point (a) of this subparagraph, make recommendations for Member States to design policies which equally incentivise emission removals and reductions and ensure a balance between all sectors set out in Article 2(3), points (a) to (i), in order to achieve the indicative target of net zero in 2035, while ensuring a fair distribution among Member States; (c) introduce a fair, market-based and voluntary compensation mechanism for a carbon certification trading system, which promotes high-quality carbon certificates that can ensure the achievement of the criteria of additionality, permanence, no double counting and authenticity to incentivise improved land management practices, resulting in enhanced carbon capture; (d) consider decreasing sink services that arise in connection with land use changes in the area of the expansion of settlement and transportation areas separately and make sure that they are not accounted for at the expense of the sectors set out in Article 2(3), points (a) to (i).
Amendment 467 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Regulation (EU) 2018/841
Article 4 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 4 – paragraph 4 a (new)
4 a. The targets set out in Article 4, paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 shall be subject to reviews in 2025, 2027 and 2032 and shall be adapted if negative impacts are detected on EU bioeconomy, substitution of fossil fuels, social aspects and the objectives laid down in Article 194 and Article 39 TFEU.
Amendment 497 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 7 – point b
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 7 – point b
Regulation (EU) 2018/841
Article 9 – paragraph 2
Article 9 – paragraph 2
2. The Commission shall by 2025 adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 16 in order to amend paragraph 1 of this Article and Annex V by adding new categories of carbon storage products, including harvested wood products, that have a carbon sequestration effectbioenergy carbon capture and all relevant bio-based product categories, that have a carbon sequestration effect, and by introducing a life-cycle assessment of those products, including recycled products, based on IPCC Guidelines as adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC or the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement, and ensuring environmental integrity.; The Commission shall develop a methodology for an additional category of “Fossil Substitution Products” that calculate the positive substitution effect of carbon storage products. As a party of the Paris Agreement, the European Union shall implement Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and demonstrate how Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (ITMOs) originating from the Union are aligned with the LULUCF accounting framework;
Amendment 498 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 7 – point b
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 7 – point b
Regulation (EU) 2018/841
Article 9 – paragraph 2
Article 9 – paragraph 2
2. The Commission shall adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 16 in order to amend paragraph 1 of this Article and Annex V by adding new categories of carbon storage products, including short and long-life harvested wood products, that have a carbon sequestration effect, and by introducing a life-cycle assessment of those products, including recycled products, based on IPCC Guidelines as adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC or the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement, and ensuring environmental integrity.; The Commission shall, in addition, develop a methodology for an additional category of “Fossil Substitution Products”. That methodology shall calculate the positive substitution effect of carbon storage products and assess the inclusion of bioenergy carbon capture and storage processes in carbon storage products.;
Amendment 594 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 13
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 13
Regulation (EU) 2018/841
Article 13 b – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1 – point c
Article 13 b – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1 – point c
(c) the difference in the Union between the annual sum of all greenhouse gas emissions and removals on its territory and in all of the land reporting categories referred to in Article 2(2), points (a) to (j), and the Union target [of 310259 million tonnes CO2 equivalent of net removals] is negative, in the period from 2026 to 2030.
Amendment 644 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 15
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 15
Regulation (EU) 2018/841
Article 14 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2 – point c b (new)
Article 14 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2 – point c b (new)
(cb) synergies between climate mitigation and bioeconomy development, including estimates on the greenhouse gas savings associated to the substitution of fossil-based materials with wood-based materials.
Amendment 673 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 18
Amendment 691 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 2
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 2
Regulation (EU) 2018/1999
Article 4 – paragraph 1 –point a – point 1 – point ii
Article 4 – paragraph 1 –point a – point 1 – point ii
the Member State’s commitments and national targets for net greenhouse gas removals pursuant to Article 4(1) and (2) of Regulation (EU) 2018/841 and its contributions aim towards reaching the Union objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2035 and achieving negative emissions thereafter pursuant to Article 4(4) of that Regulation;;
Amendment 695 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point a
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 3 – point a
Regulation (EU) 2018/1999
Article 38 – paragraph 1 a
Article 38 – paragraph 1 a
In 2025, the Commission shall carry out a comprehensive review of the national inventory data submitted by Member States pursuant to Article 26(4) of this Regulation, in order to assess the target set out in Article 4(3)of Regulation (EU) 2018/842 in accordance with Article 4(4a) of that Regulation and to determine the annual targets of net greenhouse gas emissions reduction of the Member States pursuant to Article 4(3) of Regulation (EU) 2018/841 and in order to determine the annual emission allocations of the Member States pursuant to Article 4(3) of Regulation (EU) 2018/842;