33 Amendments of Nathalie LOISEAU related to 2020/2256(INI)
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 18 a (new)
Citation 18 a (new)
— having regards the Declaration of the European Council of 25 March 2021,
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 18 b (new)
Citation 18 b (new)
— having regards the Open Ended Working Group (OEWG) report of 10 March 2021,
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)
Recital B a (new)
B a. whereas cyberspace is considered as the fifth dimension of warfare in addition to land, sea, air and space;
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D a (new)
Recital D a (new)
D a. whereas during the development of the Requirements Catalogue (2017), which is used to identify the full range of CSDP military requirements across a number of illustrative scenarios, the need for cyber defence capabilities emerged as a high priority;
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D b (new)
Recital D b (new)
D b. whereas the successful implementation of EU missions and operations is increasingly dependent on uninterrupted access to a secure cyberspace, and thus requires resilient cyber operational capabilities;
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)
Recital E a (new)
E a. whereas the defence and space industries are facing unprecedented global competition and major technological changes with the emergence of advanced cyber technologies;
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G a (new)
Recital G a (new)
G a. whereas one of the goals envisaged by the European Commission proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council establishing the “European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres” has been to enhance synergies between the civilian and military dimensions and to increase cooperation between civilian and defence cybersecurity research and innovation communities;
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G b (new)
Recital G b (new)
G b. whereas different state actors like Russia, China and North Korea have been involved in malicious cyber activities in pursuit of political, economic or security objectives that include attacks on critical infrastructure, cyber espionage and mass surveillance of EU citizens, aiding disinformation campaigns and distributing malware, limiting access to the internet and the functioning of IT systems; whereas such activities disregard and violate international law, human rights and EU fundamental rights while jeopardising democracy, security, public order and the strategic autonomy of the EU, and should therefore lead to a joint EU response, such as using the framework for a joint EU diplomatic response, including the use of restrictive measures envisaged for the EU cyber diplomacy toolbox;
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital H a (new)
Recital H a (new)
H a. whereas attribution forms are central component in cyber diplomacy and deterrence strategies;
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Underlines that a common approach on cyber defence policy and a substantial cyber defence capability are core elements for the development of the European Defence Union; stresses the urgent need to strengthen EU and the Member State cyber defence capabilities;
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Calls on the EEAS to further develop a coherent IT security policy to strengthen cyber defence coordination; urges ato strengthen cooperation strategy with the EU’s Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERT-EU) to protect networks used by all EU institutions; calls on the European Parliament to ensure its participation in CERT-EU results to ensured a level of IT security that will allow it to receive all the necessary classified and non-classified information to carry out its responsibilities under the Treaties, including as a result of the current process to replace the 2002 Inter- Institutional Agreement on access to information in the area of security and defence;
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Notes the 2018 CDPF’s objective to setup an EU Military CERT-Network; calls on Member States to significantly increase classified information sharing, capacities in order to facilitate information sharing, when needed and useful, and to develop a European rapid and secure network to counter cyber-attacks;
Amendment 99 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. NotesWelcomes the progress already made under the EDIDP with several relevant projects, and the fact that the European Defence Fund (EDF), will also support strengthening resilience, and improve preparedness, responsiveness and cooperation in the cyber domain;
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Welcomes the progress achieved by the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) Cyber Rapid Response Team; recalls that the EDF as well as PESCO offers excellent ways to speed up cyber security initiatives, such as through the Cyber Threats and Incident Response Information Sharing Platform and Cyber and Information Domain Coordination Centre;
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9 a. Stresses that cyber defence is considered an operational task for all CSDP missions, and that cyber resilience and related capabilities must be established, tested and deployed prior to the start of CSDP planning processes;
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 a (new)
Paragraph 11 a (new)
11 a. Notes the imposition of restrictive measures in July 2020 and October 2020 as a credible step in strengthening the EU’s cyber diplomacy toolbox, while respecting the European vision for the internet, which is one of a single, open, neutral, free, secure and un-fragmented network;
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 a (new)
Paragraph 13 a (new)
13 a. Calls on all Member States to ensure coherence and focus on cyber capability, developing a strategic common approach to priorities; calls on fostering research, innovation and the exchange of expertise, in order to guarantee the full potential of PESCO and EDF;
Amendment 149 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15
Paragraph 15
15. Stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over resources and staff at the EU level; urges the VP/HR and/or the Member States to increase financial and personnel resources, in particular experts in cyberforensics to strengthen EU’s ability to characterize, attribute cyber attacks and hence provide the adequate response; calls for further funding for CERT-EU and the creation of an EU security operations centre;
Amendment 160 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16
Paragraph 16
16. Recalls that cyber defence has both military and civilian dimensions; calls on the VP/HR, therefore, to develop an integrated policy approach and close cooperationpromote synergies between the Military CERT- Network and CERT-EUthe CSIRTs Network;
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17 a (new)
Paragraph 17 a (new)
17 a. Welcomes the Commission’s initiative to build a network of Security Operations Centres across the EU which could enhance civil-military cooperation to provide timely warnings on cybersecurity incidents;
Amendment 175 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18
Paragraph 18
18. Recalls that improving cyber defence capabilities also requires civilian network and information security expertise; welcomes the proposed revision of the Directive on security of network and information systems (NIS) and of current EU law, seeking to protect critical infrastructures, enhance supply chain security and the inclusion of regulated actors in the digital ecosystem; recalls that the NIS Directive should respect Member States competencies, in particular their responsibility regarding national security;
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19 a (new)
Paragraph 19 a (new)
19 a. Stresses that the proliferation of dual-use, off-the-shelf systems may present challenges in terms of systems being exploited by an increasing number of state as well as non-state adversaries; calls on the Commission and Member States to activate several levers, such as certification as well as the supervision of the responsibility of private actors;
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19 b (new)
Paragraph 19 b (new)
19 b. Recommends that the establishment of a Joint Cyber Unit to increase cooperation to respond to the lack of information sharing among EU institutions, bodies and agencies guaranteeing a secure and rapid information network and to enable the full use of existing structures, resources and capabilities;
Amendment 192 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20 a (new)
Paragraph 20 a (new)
20 a. Deplores that currently the EU Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) has limitations in the classified systems that are hampering its capabilities; calls therefore on the EEAS to swiftly provide the MPCC with a state- of-the-art autonomous and secure Communications and Information System (CIS) able to handle up to “EU Secret” data for its CSDP missions and operations and with a level of protection and resilience that is adequate with a deployed FHQ;
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20 a (new)
Paragraph 20 a (new)
20 a. Notes that a streamlined EU military training & education in the cyber domain would significantly improve the level of trust among Member States, increasing standard operating procedures and clearer regulations and enforcement;
Amendment 198 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21
Paragraph 21
21. Calls to further integrate cybersecurity into EU crisis response mechanisms and link the existing initiatives, structures and procedures (such as the IPCR, the CSIRTs Network, the NIS Cooperation Group, the CyCLONe) between various cyber communities for enhanced mutual operational assistance between Member States; strongly emphasises the importance of further exercises and scenario-based policy discussions on crisis management, including on the stake of solidarity and mutual assistance clause (Article 42(7) of the TEU) in a hypothetical cyber attack scenario; calls for increased coordination with NATO in this matter through participation in cyber exercises and joint training, such as the parallel and coordinated exercises (PACE); calls for such initiatives to strengthen the common understanding on the implementation procedures for mutual assistance and/or solidarity in line with Article 42(7) of the TEU and Article 222 of the TFEU, including with a specific objective of operationalising these procedures for cyber-attacks on the EU institutions or Member States; welcomes further discussions on the articulation between the EU cybersecurity crisis management framework and the cyber diplomacy toolbox;
Amendment 203 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21
Paragraph 21
21. Calls for enhanced mutual operational assistance between Member States; strongly emphasises the importance of further exercises and scenario-based policy discussions on crisis management, including on the mutual assistance clause (Article 42(7) of the TEU) in a hypothetical cyber attack scenario; calls for increased coordination with NATO in this matter through participation in cyber exercises and joint training, such as the parallel and coordinated exercises (PACE); calls for such initiatives to strengthen the common understanding on the implementation procedures for mutual assistance and/or solidarity in line with Article 42(7) of the TEU and Article 222 of the TFEU, including with a specific objective of operationalising these procedures for cyber-attacks on the EU institutions orEU Member States;
Amendment 204 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21 a (new)
Paragraph 21 a (new)
21 a. Notes that the EU is increasingly involved in hybrid conflicts with geopolitical adversaries; Underlines that these acts are of a particularly destabilising and dangerous nature as they blur the lines between war and peace, destabilise democracies and sow doubt in the minds of target populations; Recalls that these attacks are by itself often not serious enough to trigger Article 5 of the NATO treaty or Article 42(7) of the TEU, though have a strategic effect cumulative and cannot be effectively tackled by retorsions by the injured member state; Believes that the EU should therefore strive to find a solution to fill this legal vacuum by reinterpreting Article 42(7) TEU and Article 222TFEU in a way that would reserve the right for collective defence below the collective defence threshold and allow for collective countermeasures of EU Member States on a voluntary basis, and work internationally with allies for a similar solution at the international level; Underlines that this is the only effective means to counter the paralysis in reacting against hybrid threats and an instrument to increase the costs for our adversaries;
Amendment 205 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21 a (new)
Paragraph 21 a (new)
21 a. Reiterates that common strong attribution capabilities are also an essential component of effective cyber defence and cyber deterrence; welcomes the VP/HR proposal to encourage and facilitate the establishment of a Member States’ EU cyber intelligence working group residing within the EU Intelligence and Situation Centre (INTCEN) to advance strategic intelligence cooperation on cyber threats and activities, in order to further support EU situational awareness and decision-making on a joint diplomatic response;
Amendment 209 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 22
Paragraph 22
22. Considers that EU-NATO cyber cooperation is crucial, as it enables strong formal attribution and thus the imposition of restrictive sanctions; notes that functioning deterrence would be achieved if adversaries were aware of the catalogue of possible countermeasures (based on the severity, scale, and target of the cyber- attacks); calls for increased coordination with NATO in this matter through participation in cyber exercises and joint training, such as the parallel and coordinated exercises (PACE);
Amendment 233 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24
Paragraph 24
24. Calls for further synchronisation of EU-NATO cooperation, notably on cyber defence interoperability requirements, by looking for possible complementarities, avoiding duplicationnd mutually beneficial strengthening of capacities, and acknowledging their respective responsibilities;
Amendment 240 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25
Paragraph 25
25. Calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between Member States, the EU institutions, NATO, the United Member States and other strategic partners; underlines the urgent need for implementing like Japan, Australia, South Korea, New Zealand and others; underlines the urgent need to respect international law, including the UN Charter in its entirety, and adhere to the widely- recognised international normative framework for responsible state behaviour in cyberspace;
Amendment 249 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 26
Paragraph 26
26. Calls on all Member States and the EU to show leadership during discussions and initiatives under the auspices of the UN, including through the proposition of a Programme of Action, to help truly promote responsible state behaviour in cyber space, building on the consensus reports of the UN GGE endorsed by the UN General Assembly; welcomes the recommendations of the OEWG final report, notably on the establishment of a Programme of Action; calls for UN peacekeeping missions to be reinforced with cyber defence capacities in line with the effective implementation of their mandates;