Activities of Francisco GUERREIRO related to 2023/0133(COD)
Shadow opinions (1)
OPINION on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Standard essential patents and amending Regulation (EU)2017/1001
Amendments (75)
Amendment 77 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 3
Recital 3
(3) SEPs are patents that protect technology that is incorporated in a standard. SEPs are ‘essential’ in the sense that implementation of the standard requires use of the inventions covered by SEPs. The success of a standard depends on its wide implementation and as such every stakeholder should be allowed to use a standard. To ensure wide implementation and accessibility of standards, standard development organisations demand the SEP holders that participate in standard development to commit to license those patents on FRAND terms and conditions to implementers that chose to use the standard. The FRAND commitment is a voluntary contractual commitment given by the SEP holder for the benefit of third parties, and it should be respected as such also by subsequent SEP holders. This Regulation should apply to patents in force in the European Union that are essential to a standard that has been published by a standard development organisation, to which the SEP holder has made a commitment to license its SEPs on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms and conditions and that is not subject to a royalty-free intellectual property policy, after the entry into force of this Regulation.
Amendment 83 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 5
Recital 5
Amendment 88 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 7 a (new)
Recital 7 a (new)
(7 a) Because royalty-free and open standards are key in the development of our digital society - including the development of open software - prevent vendor lock-in and other barriers to interoperability, promote choice between vendors and technology solutions, ensure full market competition and innovation, this regulation should apply to such standards, while not discouraging SEP holders to innovate and participate in open standards development.
Amendment 90 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 8
Recital 8
Amendment 93 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 13
Recital 13
(13) The competence centre should set up and administer an electronic register and an electronic database containing detailed information on SEPs in force in one or more Member States, including essentiality check results, opinions, reports, available case-law from jurisdictions across the globe, rules relating to SEPs in third countries, and results of studies specific to SEPs. In order to raise awareness and facilitate SEP licensing for SMEs, the competence centre should offer assistance to SMEs. The setting up and administering a system for essentiality checks and processes for aggregate royalty determination and FRAND determination by the competence centre should include actions improving the system and the processes on a continuous basis, including through the use of new technologies. In line with this objective, the competence centre should establish training procedures for evaluators of essentiality and conciliators for providing opinions on aggregate royalty as well as on FRAND determination and should encourage consistency in their practices. The electronic register and the database should serve as primary reference points for users, providing easily accessible information about SEPs free of charge. The information made accessible should not be subject to licensing terms, so that it can be used freely.
Amendment 97 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 15
Recital 15
Amendment 100 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 16
Recital 16
Amendment 104 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 18
Recital 18
(18) Once a standard has been notified or an aggregate royalty is specified, whichever is made first, the competence centre will open the registration of SEPs by holders of SEPs in force in one or more Member States.
Amendment 106 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 20
Recital 20
Amendment 116 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 25
Recital 25
(25) These essentiality checks should be conducted on a sampling from SEP portfolios to ensure that the sample is capable of producing statistically valid results. The results of the sampled essentiality checks should determine the ratio of positively checked SEPs from all the SEPs registered by each SEP holder. The essentiality rate should be updated annually.
Amendment 118 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 26
Recital 26
(26) SEP holders or implementers may also designate annually up to 100 registered SEPs for essentiality checks. If the pre-selected SEPs are confirmed essential, the SEP holders may use this information in negotiations and as evidence in courts, without prejudicing the right of an implementer to challenge the essentiality of a registered SEP in court. The selected SEPs would have no bearing on the sampling process as the sample should be selected from all registered SEPs of each SEP holder. If a preselected SEP and a SEP selected for the sample set are the same, only one essentiality check should be done. Essentiality checks should not be repeated on SEPs from the same patent family.
Amendment 120 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 30
Recital 30
(30) It is necessary to ensure that the registration and ensuing obligations provided for in this Regulation are not circumvented by removing a SEP from the register. When an evaluator finds a claimed SEP non-essential, only the SEP holder can request its removal from the register and only after the annual sampling process has been completed and the proportion of true SEPs from the sample has been established and published.
Amendment 123 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 33
Recital 33
Amendment 127 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 34
Recital 34
(34) Each party may choose whether it wishes to engage in the procedure and commit to comply with its outcome. Where a party does not reply to the FRAND determination request or does not commit to comply with the outcome of the FRAND determination, the other party should be able to request either the termination or the unilateral continuation of the FRAND determination. Such a party should not be exposed to litigation during the time of the FRAND determination. At the same time, the FRAND determination should be an effective procedure for the parties to reach agreement before litigation or to obtain a determination to be used in further proceedings. Therefore, the party or parties that commit to complying with the outcome of the FRAND determination and duly engage in the procedure should be able to benefit from its completion.
Amendment 131 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 35
Recital 35
(35) The obligation to initiate FRAND determination should not be detrimental to the effective protection of the parties’ rights. In that respect, the party that commits to comply with the outcome of the FRAND determination while the other party fails to do so should be entitled to initiate proceedings before the competent national court pending the FRAND determination. In addition, eNo FRAND determination process should prevents access to the courts. Either party should be able to request a provisional injunctionof a financial nature before the competent court. In a situation where a FRAND commitment has been given by the relevant SEP holder, provisional injunctions of an adequate and proportionate financial nature should provide the necessary judicial protection to the SEP holder who has agreed to license its SEP on FRAND terms, while the implementer should be able to contest the level of FRAND royalties or raise a defence of lack of essentiality or of invalidity of the SEP. In those national systems that require the initiation of the proceedings on the merits of the case as a condition to request the interim measures of a financial nature, it should be possible to initiate such proceedings, but the parties should request that the case be suspended during the FRAND determination. When determining what level of the provisional injunction of financial nature is to be deemed adequate in a given case, account should be taken, inter alia, of the economic capacity of the applicant and the potential effects for the effectiveness of the measures applied for, in particular for SMEs, also in order to prevent the abusive use of such measures. It should also be clarified that once the FRAND determination is terminated, the whole range of measures, including provisional, precautionary and corrective measures, should be available to parties.
Amendment 139 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 37
Recital 37
(37) Upon appointment, the conciliation centre should refer the FRAND determination to the conciliator, who should examine whether the request contains the necessary information, and communicate the schedule of procedure to the parties or the party requesting the continuations of the FRAND determination.
Amendment 142 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 40
Recital 40
(40) If a party initiates a procedure in a jurisdiction outside the Union resulting in legally binding and enforceable decisions regarding the same standard that is subject to FRAND determination and its implementation, or including SEPs from the same patent family as SEPs subject to FRAND determination and involving one or more of the parties to the FRAND determination as a party; before or during of the FRAND determination by a party, the conciliator, or where he/she has not been appointed has not been established, the competence centre, should be able to terminate the procedure upon the request of the otherany party.
Amendment 146 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 44
Recital 44
(44) When determining the aggregate royalties and making FRAND determinations the conciliators should take into account in particular any Union acquis and judgments of the Court of Justice pertaining to SEPs as well as guidance issued under this Regulation, the Horizontal Guidelines42 and the Commission’s 2017 Communication ‘Setting out the EU approach to Standard Essential Patents’.43 Furthermore, the conciliators should consider any expert opinion on the aggregate royaltyFRAND determination, or in the absence thereof, should request information from the parties before it makes its final proposals well as guidance issued under this Regulation, as well as guidance issued under this Regulation. __________________ 42 Communication from the Commission – Guidelines on the applicability of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to horizontal co-operation agreements, OJ C 11, 14.01.2011, pp. 1 (currently under review) 43 Communication on Setting out the EU approach to Standard Essential Patents, COM(2017)712 final, 29.11.2017.
Amendment 147 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 45 a (new)
Recital 45 a (new)
(45 a) In addition, it is important to ensure that the new EU rules and their implementation do not undermine the EU innovation technological leadership.
Amendment 155 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 48
Recital 48
(48) In order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of the relevant provisions of this Regulation, implementing powers should be conferred on the Commission to adopt the detailed requirements for the selection of evaluators and conciliators, as well as adopt the rules of procedure and Code of Conduct for evaluators and conciliators. The Commission should also adopt the technical rules for the selection of a sample of SEPs for essentiality checks and the methodology for the conduct of such essentiality checks by evaluators and peer evaluators. The Commission should also determine any administrative fees for its services in relation to the tasks under this Regulation and fees for the services evaluators, experts and conciliators, derogations thereof and payment methods and adapt them as necessary. The Commission should also determine the standards or parts thereof that have been published before the entry into force of this Regulation, for which SEPs can be registered. Those powers should be exercised in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council. 45 __________________ 45 Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by the Member States of the Commission’s exercise of implementing powers (OJ L 55, 28.2.2011, p. 13.)
Amendment 158 #
Proposal for a regulation
Recital 49
Recital 49
(49) Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council46 should be amended to empower EUIPO to take on the tasks under this Regulation. The functions of the Executive Director should also be expanded to include the powers conferred on him under this Regulation. Furthermore, the EUIPO’s arbitration and mediation centre should be empowered to set up processes such as the aggregate royalty determination and the FRAND determination. __________________ 46 Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on the European Union trade mark (OJ L 154, 16.6.2017, p. 1.)
Amendment 165 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – introductory part
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – introductory part
2. This Regulation shall apply to patents that are in force in one or more Member States and have been declared essential to a standard that has been published by a standard development organisation, to which the SEP holder has made a commitment to license its SEPs on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms and conditions and that is not subject to a royalty-free intellectual property policy,
Amendment 166 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point a
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point a
Amendment 174 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point b
Article 1 – paragraph 2 – point b
Amendment 188 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 7
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 7
(7) ‘implementer’ means a natural or legal person that implements, or intends to implement, a standard in a product, process, service or system on the European Union market;
Amendment 191 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 10
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 10
Amendment 204 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – point f
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – point f
Amendment 218 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 5 – paragraph 2 – point g
Article 5 – paragraph 2 – point g
Amendment 219 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 5 – paragraph 2 – point h
Article 5 – paragraph 2 – point h
Amendment 239 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 13 – paragraph 2 – point c a (new)
Article 13 – paragraph 2 – point c a (new)
(c a) informing the public and any interested parties of the existence of standards, with easily accessible research tools;
Amendment 249 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 15
Article 15
Amendment 252 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 16
Article 16
Amendment 256 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 17
Article 17
Amendment 261 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 18
Article 18
Amendment 274 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 19 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
Article 19 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
1. The competence centre shall create an entry in the register for a standard for which FRAND commitments have been made within 60 days from the earliest of the following events:publication by the competence centre of the standard and related information referred to in Article 14(7)
Amendment 293 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 26 – paragraph 2 – introductory part
Article 26 – paragraph 2 – introductory part
2. A conciliator shall conduct the following tasks:serve in the FRAND determination.
Amendment 297 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 26 – paragraph 2 – point a
Article 26 – paragraph 2 – point a
Amendment 300 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 26 – paragraph 2 – point b
Article 26 – paragraph 2 – point b
Amendment 302 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 26 – paragraph 2 – point c
Article 26 – paragraph 2 – point c
Amendment 309 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 26 – paragraph 5 – introductory part
Article 26 – paragraph 5 – introductory part
5. By [OJ: please insert the date = 18 months from entry into force of this regulation], the Commission shall by means of an implementing act adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 68(2), lay down the practical and operational arrangements concerning:
Amendment 315 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 26 – paragraph 5 – point b
Article 26 – paragraph 5 – point b
(b) the procedures pursuant to Articles 17, 18, 31 and 32 and Title VI.
Amendment 327 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 29 – paragraph 6
Article 29 – paragraph 6
Amendment 335 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 34 – paragraph 4
Article 34 – paragraph 4
4. The obligation to initiate FRAND determination pursuant to paragraph 1 prior to the court proceedings is without prejudice to the possibility for either party to request, pending the FRAND determination, the competent court of a Member State to issue a provisional injunction of a financial nature against the alleged infringer. The provisional injunction shall exclude the seizure of property of the alleged infringer and the seizure or delivery up of the products suspected of infringing a SEP. Where national law provides that the provisional injunction of a financial nature can only be requested where a case is pending on the merits, either party may bring a case on the merits before the competent court of a Member State for that purpose. However, the parties shall request the competent court of a Member State to suspend the proceedings on the merits for the duration of the FRAND determination. In deciding whether to grant the provisional injunction, the competent court of a Member States shall consider that a procedure for FRAND determination is ongoing.
Amendment 338 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 34 – paragraph 5
Article 34 – paragraph 5
Amendment 343 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 37 – paragraph 2
Article 37 – paragraph 2
Amendment 348 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 38 – paragraph 3 – introductory part
Article 38 – paragraph 3 – introductory part
3. Where the responding party does not reply within the time limit laid down in paragraph (2) or informs the competence centre of its decision not to participate in the FRAND determination, or not to commit to comply with the outcome, the following shall apply:the competence centre shall terminate the FRAND determination.
Amendment 350 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 38 – paragraph 3 – point a
Article 38 – paragraph 3 – point a
Amendment 353 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 38 – paragraph 3 – point b
Article 38 – paragraph 3 – point b
Amendment 355 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 38 – paragraph 3 – point c
Article 38 – paragraph 3 – point c
Amendment 361 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 38 – paragraph 4 – introductory part
Article 38 – paragraph 4 – introductory part
4. Where the responding party agrees to the FRAND determination and commits to comply with its outcome pursuant to paragraph (2), including where, such commitment ishall contingent upon the commitment ofue and, provided the requesting party to comply with is mutual agreement, the outcome of the FRAND determination, the following shall apply: may be finding for both parties;
Amendment 362 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 38 – paragraph 4 – point a
Article 38 – paragraph 4 – point a
Amendment 366 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 38 – paragraph 4 – point b
Article 38 – paragraph 4 – point b
Amendment 371 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 38 – paragraph 4 – point c
Article 38 – paragraph 4 – point c
Amendment 379 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 38 – paragraph 6
Article 38 – paragraph 6
Amendment 388 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 39 – paragraph 1
Article 39 – paragraph 1
1. Following the reply to the FRAND determination by the responding party in accordance with Article 38(2), or the request to continue in accordance with Article 38(5), the competence centre shall propose at least 3 candidates for the FRAND determination from the roster of conciliators referred to Article 27(2). The parties or party shall select one of the proposed candidates as a conciliator for the FRAND determination.
Amendment 391 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 42 – paragraph 2
Article 42 – paragraph 2
2. He/she shall communicate to the parties or the party requesting the continuation of the FRAND determination the conduct as well as the schedule of procedure.
Amendment 395 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 44 – paragraph 1
Article 44 – paragraph 1
1. A party may submit an objection stating that the conciliator is unable to make a FRAND determination on legal grounds, such as a previous binding FRAND determination or agreement between the parties, no later than in the first written submissionat any time. The other party shall be given opportunity to submit its observations.
Amendment 396 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 44 – paragraph 2
Article 44 – paragraph 2
2. The conciliator shall decide on the objection and either reject it as unfounded before considering the merits of the case or join it to the examination of the merits of the FRAND determination. If the conciliator overrules the objection or joins it to the examination of the merits of the determination of FRAND terms and conditions, it shall resume consideration of the determination of FRAND terms and conditionsmay invite the parties to meet with him/her or may communicate with him/her orally or in writing.
Amendment 401 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 45 – paragraph 3
Article 45 – paragraph 3
3. The parties or the party requesting the continuation of the FRAND determination shall cooperate in good faith with the conciliator and, in particular, shall attend the meetings, comply with his/her requests to submit all relevant documents, information and explanations as well as use the means at their disposal to enable the conciliator to hear witnesses and experts whom the conciliator might call.
Amendment 405 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 45 – paragraph 4
Article 45 – paragraph 4
Amendment 408 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 45 – paragraph 5
Article 45 – paragraph 5
5. At any stage of the procedure upon request by both parties, or the party requesting the continuation of the FRAND determination, as applicable, the conciliator shall terminate the FRAND determination.
Amendment 412 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 46 – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 46 – paragraph 1 – point b
Amendment 417 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 46 – paragraph 3
Article 46 – paragraph 3
Amendment 421 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 47 – paragraph 2
Article 47 – paragraph 2
2. Where a parallel proceeding has been initiated before or during the FRAND determination by a party, the conciliator, or where he/she has not been appointed, the competence centre, shall terminate the FRAND determination upon the request of any other party.
Amendment 423 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 50 – paragraph 3
Article 50 – paragraph 3
3. When submitting suggestions for FRAND terms and conditions, the conciliator shall take into account the impact of the determination FRAND terms and conditions on the value chain and on the incentives to innovation of both the SEP holder and the stakeholders in the relevant value chain. To that end, the conciliator may rely on the expert opinion referred to in Article 18 or, in case of absence of such an opinion request additional information and hear experts or stakeholders.
Amendment 429 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 55 – paragraph 1
Article 55 – paragraph 1
1. At the latest 45 days before the end of the time limit referred to in Article 37, the conciliator shall submit a reasoned proposal for a determination of FRAND terms and conditions to the parties or, as applicable, the party requesting the continuation of the FRAND determination.
Amendment 431 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 55 – paragraph 2
Article 55 – paragraph 2
2. Either party may submit observations to the proposal and suggest amendments to the proposal by the conciliator, who may reformulate its proposal to take into account the observations submitted by the parties and shall inform the parties or the party requesting the continuation of the FRAND determination, as applicable, of such reformulation.
Amendment 447 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 61 – paragraph 1
Article 61 – paragraph 1
1. The competence centre shall offer training and support on SEP related matters for micro, small and medium-size enterprises free of charge, whether they are SEP holders or implementers. The competence centre will, on a regular basis, proactively seek input from micro, small and medium-size enterprises on what training and support would be most helpful.
Amendment 451 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 61 – paragraph 2
Article 61 – paragraph 2
2. The competence centre may commission studies, if it considers it necessary, to assist micro, small and medium-size enterprises on SEP related matters. The competence centre will, on a regular basis, proactively seek the input of micro, small and medium-size enterprises to inform its own decisions on which studies would be most helpful.
Amendment 455 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 61 a (new)
Article 61 a (new)
Article 61a Safe harbour for micro, small and medium-size enterprises 1. The competence centre shall offer micro, small and medium-size enterprises in the EU the opportunity to register their willingness to engage in mediation under the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) Arbitration and Mediation system for SEP-related disputes involving SMEs. SEP holders shall not initiate any legal action to enforce a SEP against micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the EU having registered their willingness to engage in such mediation system. 2.The competence centre shall offer the possibility to micro, small and medium- size enterprises in the EU to make an commitment to accept a licence on FRAND terms and conditions from any SEP holder with a registered SEP. In such case, the relevant SEP holder may not initiate any legal action seeking an injunction if a Member State court.
Amendment 461 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 63 – paragraph 2 – point b
Article 63 – paragraph 2 – point b
Amendment 465 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 63 – paragraph 3 – point a
Article 63 – paragraph 3 – point a
Amendment 467 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 63 – paragraph 3 – point b
Article 63 – paragraph 3 – point b
Amendment 471 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 64 – paragraph 2
Article 64 – paragraph 2
2. If the amounts requested are not paid in full within 10 days after the date of the request, the competence centre may notify the defaulting party and give it the opportunity to make the required payment within [5] days. It shall submit a copy of the request to the other party, in case of an aggregate royalty or FRAND determination.
Amendment 477 #
Proposal for a regulation
Article 66
Article 66