46 Amendments of Raphaël GLUCKSMANN related to 2024/2082(INI)
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A c (new)
Recital A c (new)
A c. whereas the European Union continues to face the most diverse range of threats since its creation, accentuated by Russia's unprovoked, unjustified and illegal war of aggression against Ukraine, the rise of multipolarity and opposition to the established rules-based order, and the development of new kinds of threats and technologies across domains; whereas in response to these threats the EU urgently needs to enhance the effectiveness of its foreign, security and defence policy to defend its interests, values and citizens, both within and outside its borders, and first and foremost in its neighbourhood, to deliver peace, human security, sustainable development and democracy, and to support its partners;
Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A f (new)
Recital A f (new)
A f. whereas Ukraine needs to be provided with the necessary military capabilities for as long as it takes for Ukraine to have a decisive military victory to end Russia's illegal war of aggression, restore its sovereignty and territorial integrity within its internationally recognised borders and deter any future aggression; whereas Ukraine, in defending itself, is also protecting and fighting for European values and core security interests; whereas EU-NATO cooperation has been fundamental in coordinating weapons deliveries to Ukraine;
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A m (new)
Recital A m (new)
A m. whereas China's increasingly aggressive behaviour, in particular in its own neighbourhood, such as the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea, poses a risk to regional and global security; whereas China has for many years promoted an alternative narrative, challenging democratic values, open markets and the rules-based international order; whereas China's increasing influence in international organisations has impeded positive progress and further excluded Taiwan from rightful and meaningful participation;
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A e (new)
Recital A e (new)
A e. whereas Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine, as well as the increased assertiveness of other regional and global actors, such as China, Iran and certain Gulf countries, are destabilizing the immediate neighbourhood of the EU, including through strategic investments and disinformation campaigns, but also, in some cases, through the provision of political, financial, operational and logistical support to hostile entities in the region; whereas the EU needs to ensure greater support, especially for candidate countries, in order to preserve stability and security and increase defence cooperation, especially in terms of the fight against disinformation and hybrid warfare;
Amendment 74 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A g (new)
Recital A g (new)
A g. whereas the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine has reaffirmed the role of NATO as the cornerstone of the collective defence of its members and the indispensability of a strong transatlantic bond; whereas the war has also underlined the lack of investment in security and defence in numerous EU and NATO member states; whereas the decision of NATO leaders to commit a minimum of 2% of GDP to defence spending has only been implemented by a few NATO member states; whereas the 2% spending goal should represent a minimum for EU NATO countries and not a ceiling for defence spending;
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A w (new)
Recital A w (new)
A w. whereas, as outlined in the Strategic Compass, the EU must move further in its ambition to achieve an open strategic autonomy and technological sovereignty, while also reinforcing its partnerships with like-minded partners in order to safeguard its values and interests, as well as those of its allies and neighbours;
Amendment 79 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A x (new)
Recital A x (new)
A x. whereas the European Commission has published its proposals for a European Defence Industrial Strategy (EDIS) and a European Defence Industrial Programme (EDIP) in 2024; whereas the legislative negotiations in the European Parliament and the Council are still ongoing and the negotiations between the institutions are pending;
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A aa (new)
Recital A aa (new)
A aa. whereas building capabilities and adapting them to military needs requires a common strategic culture, threat perception and solutions to be developed and combined in doctrine and concepts;
Amendment 82 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A ab (new)
Recital A ab (new)
A ab. whereas maximising the EU's and Member States' defence capabilities requires smarter spending and greater joint procurement;
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A z (new)
Recital A z (new)
A z. whereas substantial budgetary efforts will be necessary for EDIP to have a significant effect on the military support for Ukraine or the development of a genuine European defence capability and a competitive EU defence technological and industrial base (EDTIB); whereas during the upcoming revision of the multiannual financial framework (MFF) spending for defence must not compete with investments in the EU's future and in meeting social needs; whereas only by pursuing a holistic concept of security which combines external, internal and social security the support of defence efforts and social resilience can be maintained throughout the EU in the long-term;
Amendment 92 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A x (new)
Recital A x (new)
A x. whereas the Commission and Parliament are committed to reinforcing the EU as an external actor that is able to act more strategically and autonomously;
Amendment 94 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A v (new)
Recital A v (new)
A v. whereas the CSDP has military and civilian missions with over 4000 personnel; whereas CSDP missions and operations often lack rapid decision- making; whereas Member States are deploying less personnel to the missions and operations; whereas such obstacles limit the overall effectiveness of CSDP missions and operations; whereas one of the objectives of the Strategic Compass is to reinforce EU civilian and military CSDP missions and operations by providing them with more robust and flexible mandates, promoting rapid and more flexible decision-making processes and ensuring greater financial solidarity; whereas the Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine has demonstrated the positive impact CSDP missions and operations have with the necessary resources and contributions from Member States; whereas EU CSDP missions and operations are often targeted by hybrid threats, including FIMI campaigns, putting at risk their effectiveness in stabilising the country in which they are deployed;
Amendment 101 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A d (new)
Recital A d (new)
A d. whereas these non-military threats include disinformation, cyberattacks, economic pressure, food and energy blackmailing, the instrumentalisation of migration, and subversive political influence to seek support for Russia's illegitimate military operations;
Amendment 102 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A h (new)
Recital A h (new)
A h. whereas the rise in use of hybrid attacks and threats, as demonstrated by Russia's activities in the EU, in Ukraine, in Africa and elsewhere necessitate the development of comprehensive instruments to detect, prevent and react to such incidents and protect the Union's citizens and assets, through transforming traditional military capacities, improving the security of critical infrastructure, countering foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI) and further developing a common high level of cybersecurity; whereas China has also demonstrated increased use of hybrid tools aimed at undermining the stability of the EU, including in the Indo-Pacific and South China Sea such as Taiwan, aimed at undermining the stability and security of the EU;
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A n (new)
Recital A n (new)
A n. whereas hybrid threats in the years to come will see increased use of the systematic combination of information warfare, agile force manoeuvre, mass cyber warfare and emerging and disruptive technologies, from seabed to space, with the deployments of advanced space-based surveillance and strike systems, all of which will be enabled by advanced artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, increasingly 'intelligent' drone swarm technologies, offensive cyber capabilities, hypersonic missile systems, and nano-tech and bio- warfare;
Amendment 105 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A i (new)
Recital A i (new)
A i. whereas the Russian Federation makes use of private military companies (PMCs), such as the Africa Corps and the Wagner Group as part of a hybrid warfare toolbox to maintain plausible deniability while exerting influence in various regions and gaining access to natural resources and critical infrastructures; whereas the Africa Corps and Wagner Group have reportedly committed atrocities in Ukraine, Mali, Libya, Syria and the CAR; whereas it has reinforced anti-European sentiments, especially in countries with strong European presence or hosting CSDP missions;
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A o (new)
Recital A o (new)
A o. whereas the report on “Safer Together – Strengthening Europe’s Civilian and Military Preparedness and Readiness”, presented by Sauli Niinistö, Special Adviser to the European Commission, provides strategic recommendations for enhancing Europe’s civilian and military preparedness in light of escalating and complex security threats;
Amendment 175 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Calls for the EU and its Member States to accelerate their commitments made in the Versailles Declaration, adopted on 11 March 2022, to assume greater responsibility for their defence and security, including and by achieving greater strategic autonomy; stresses that NATO and the transatlantic partnership with the United States remain the cornerstones of European collective defence; stresses the need for EU Member States to step up their efforts by increasing their spending and procuringthrough targeted spending, increased joint procurement of defence products and the development of more joint capabilities, thereby strengthening their armed forces whether for national, NATO or EU operational purposes;
Amendment 257 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7 a. Warns of the dangerous risk of escalation the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s (DRPK) support to Russia in its war of aggression against Ukraine poses against international security through the provision of weapons, ammunition and the deployment of DRPK troops in support of Russia; underlines the need to continue sanctions policies against DRPK as the country has intensified its aggressive policies towards the EU’s partners and allies and enhanced its commitment to support Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine;
Amendment 348 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 a (new)
Paragraph 10 a (new)
10 a. Calls on the Commission to present proposals to complete the EU internal market for defence, based in particular on an assessment of EU rules for defence procurement and transfer of defence-related products, and on the identification and analysis of limitations and loopholes in the current legal framework and including suggestions for an interpretation of Art. 346 TFEU in line with the reality of an interdependent security architecture in the EU;
Amendment 350 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 b (new)
Paragraph 10 b (new)
10 b. Urges Member States to implement their collective agreement to dedicate 35% of total defence equipment spending to European collaborative equipment procurement and 20% of total defence research and development spending to collaborative research and development;
Amendment 356 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11
Paragraph 11
11. Stresses the importance of ensuring a balanced effort between strengthening existing EU armament industrial capabilities in the short and medium-term, and supporting research and development for new and innovative military equipment and armament tailored to the needs of the armed forces of the Member States and relevant EU defence capabilities, such as those required by CSDP missions and operations and the EU Rapid Deployment Capacity; emphasizes the necessity to especially provide support to SMEs and start-ups in the defence and dual-use sector;
Amendment 416 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 b (new)
Paragraph 13 b (new)
13 b. Recalls that the EU treaty framework already allows a number of different institutional forms of cooperation in the field of defence policy; underlines that further institutional reflexions related to the lifting of the unanimity requirement in order to facilitate such cooperation should be considered; calls the Council to consider a limited evolution of the Treaty framework on these issues;
Amendment 418 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 d (new)
Paragraph 13 d (new)
13 d. Urges maximum consistency and coordination between various initiatives in the field of security and defence, following the creation of Commissioner for Defence and Space, the certain overlap of this position with the role of the HR/VP, and the various current and future initiatives, such as the Coordinate Annual Review on Defence, the Capability Development Plan, EDF, PESCO, EDIRPA, ASAP, EDIS, EDIP and Military Mobility amongst others; stresses the need to prevent overlaps, guarantee efficient public investments and address the critical capabilities gap; invites the Commission and the Member States to explore the necessity for an internal review of its various structures and mandates, including the European Defence Agency and DG DEFIS, to ensure complementarity and efficient administration of current and future initiatives; underlines the Parliament’s role in this regard;
Amendment 420 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 a (new)
Paragraph 13 a (new)
13 a. Calls on the Member States and the Commission to dedicate further financial and human resources to EEAS to ensure it can effectively conduct its role as the EU’s diplomatic service in light of the highly contested geopolitical context and the increased demands on its limited capacities in recent years;
Amendment 488 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17
Paragraph 17
17. EDeplores the “no limits” partnership between Russia and China; expresses grave concerns about the renewed Chinese and Russian commitment to further strengthen their military ties; expresses deep and increasing concern over China’s support to Russia in its war of aggression against Ukraine, in particular through the exportation of dual- use goods to Russia, and the ongoing involvement of China-based companies in sanctions evasion and circumvention; is also deeply concerned over the increasing number of hostile acts being conducted by China against Taiwan, including cyberattacks, influencwelcomes the Council’s decision to impose sanctions on Chinese caompaigns, Chinese warplanes entering Taiwan’s Air Defence Identification Zone and the severing of subsea cablesnies for their support to Russia's war in Ukraine;
Amendment 490 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17 a (new)
Paragraph 17 a (new)
17 a. Is deeply concerned with China’s increasing investments in military capabilities and its increasing number of hostile acts conducted by China against Taiwan, including cyberattacks, influence campaigns, the overflying by Chinese warplanes of Taiwan’s Air Defence Identification Zone and the median line and the severing of subsea cables; calls for a stronger cooperation between the EU and Taiwan on countering disinformation and foreign interference;
Amendment 493 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17 b (new)
Paragraph 17 b (new)
17 b. Reaffirms the necessity to preserve the status quo in the Taiwan Strait, to oppose any unilateral actions by force or coercion and to call all parties to exercise restraint and avoid any actions that may further escalate cross-strait tensions;
Amendment 502 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18
Paragraph 18
18. CReiterates its strong interest and support for freedom of navigation and maritime security everywhere and notably in the Red Sea and China South Sea; calls on the Chinese authorities to put an end to all aggressive actions, in particular air and maritime operations in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea, that endanger the stability in the Indo- Pacific region and thereby undermine international security, the sovereignty of regional countries, the safety of life at sea and freedom of navigation in full compliance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea;
Amendment 508 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18 a (new)
Paragraph 18 a (new)
18 a. Remains concerned about Russian and Chinese pressure exerted in Central Asia and stresses the need to scale up the EU’s presence in the region in response; underlines the EU’s interest in increasing security cooperation, economic relations and political ties with the countries of Central Asia, in part to address the circumvention of sanctions against Russia and Belarus;
Amendment 522 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19 b (new)
Paragraph 19 b (new)
19 b. Unequivocally condemns the Iranian government for aiding and abetting terrorist organisations and networks that have perpetrated or attempted attacks within the European Union, posing a direct threat to European security, sovereignty and stability; urges the EU and Member States to enhance intelligence sharing and counter- terrorism measures to prevent any future attacks; reiterates its long-standing call to include Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps on the EU list of terrorist organisations;
Amendment 525 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19 a (new)
Paragraph 19 a (new)
19 a. Welcomes the EU’s decision to expand its current sanctions regime against Iran, including by sanctioning the country’s supply and production of drones and missiles to Russia and to the Middle East region;
Amendment 531 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20
Paragraph 20
20. Reiterates its condemnation of the despicable terrorist attacks perpetrated by the terrorist organisation Hamas against Israel on 7 October 2023, which contributed to further destabilisation in the Middle East, intensified by aggressions against Israel by Iranian proxies (such as terrorist organisations including Hezbollah in Lebanon and the Houthis in Yemen) and the Iranian regime itself and express its strongest concern about the ongoing military action by the Israeli Defence Forces in the Gaza Strip and in the West Bank; calls for an immediate ceasefire and the unconditional release of all remaining hostages;
Amendment 539 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20 a (new)
Paragraph 20 a (new)
20 a. Deplores all acts of violence which contributed to further destabilisation in the Middle East, intensified by aggressions against Israel by Iranian proxies (such as terrorist organisations including Hezbollah in Lebanon and the Houthis in Yemen) and the Iranian regime itself;
Amendment 540 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20 b (new)
Paragraph 20 b (new)
20 b. Expresses its strongest concern regarding the military escalation in Lebanon, and deplores the unacceptable number of civilian casualties, the forced displacement caused by the escalating violence and the persistent use of military force; calls for an immediate ceasefire across the Blue Line and for full and symmetrical implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1701; expresses particularly grave concern regarding the reported attacks by the Israeli Defence Forces against the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL); recalls that any attacks against UN peacekeepers constitute a grave violation of international law and are totally unacceptable;
Amendment 565 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20 d (new)
Paragraph 20 d (new)
20 d. Strongly condemns constant and coordinated attempts by the Russian Federation, pro-Russian oligarchs and Russian-sponsored local proxies to destabilise the Republic of Moldova, sow divisions within Moldovan society and derail the country’s pro-European direction through hybrid attacks, the weaponisation of energy supplies, disinformation, bomb threats and staged protests as well as the threat or use of violence; welcomes the outcomes of the EU referendum and the Moldovan citizen’s historic choice to anchor their future within the EU despite massive interference and hybrid attacks by Russia and its proxies to undermine the democratic vote in Moldova; commends the establishment and operations of the EU Partnership Mission in Moldova (EUPM Moldova) which have enhanced the Moldovan authorities’ capabilities to address Russian interference; calls on the Council, Commission and EEAS to provide additional resources, including human and financial, equipment and civilian experts necessary to continue implementing the mission’s mandate beyond May 2025; further calls on the Member States to examine how similar missions can be created in other candidate countries, if necessary, and in close cooperation with their national authorities;
Amendment 569 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20 c (new)
Paragraph 20 c (new)
20 c. Shows growing concerns about the continuing attempts of Russia to destabilize neighbouring countries like Georgia and Moldova; condemns with the strongest terms the use of, FIMI, political assassination, terror’s acts and territorial occupation; underlines the need for reinforcing capacities of the EU to defend and develop democratic and value-based societies in the neighbouring countries;
Amendment 586 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20 e (new)
Paragraph 20 e (new)
20 e. Recognizes that the Arctic region carries significant strategic and geopolitical importance due to its emerging maritime routes, rich natural resources and opportunities for economic development unlocked by global warming, while being increasingly contested; considers alarming the growing activities and interest by authoritarian regimes, including Russia and China, in the Arctic;
Amendment 588 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20 f (new)
Paragraph 20 f (new)
20 f. Underlines the importance of preserving security, stability and cooperation in the Artic; stresses that the region must remain free from military tensions and natural resource exploitation, while respecting the rights of indigenous peoples; reiterates the need to include the Union’s Arctic policy in the CSDP and engage in effective cooperation with NATO calls for the Artic to be addressed regularly within the Political and Security Committee and Council meetings;
Amendment 599 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21
Paragraph 21
21. Calls on the VP/HR and the Member States to continue to innovate CSDP missions and operations, including with robust, flexible and modular mandates, in order to adapt to the changing security context and needs of host countries, and to build on the synergies and complementarities of the civilian and military dimensions of the CSDP; underlines the importance of clear and achievable goals as well as the equipment with the necessary financial, logistical and human resources for each of these missions; stresses that each mission and operation has to be effectively tailored to the needs and wants of each host country, ensuring the creation of the necessary conditions for the mission to achieve its said goals over the long-term and to maintain a strong partnership with the local population and national authorities;
Amendment 600 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21 a (new)
Paragraph 21 a (new)
21 a. Reiterates its call for detailed and regular impact assessments as well as ex- post assessments for all missions and operations, which will help to understand the short-, medium and long-term effects on the host country; reiterates its call that these assessments must be shared with the European Parliament; stresses the particular need for all mission and operations to have sunset provisions to allow a sustainable termination if necessary;
Amendment 604 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21 b (new)
Paragraph 21 b (new)
21 b. Reiterates its calls on the Member States and the EEAS to systematically include financial and human resources, tools and training aimed at countering FIMI-related threats in all CSDP missions and operations as part of their broader mandate in host countries, increasing their resilience against hybrid threats and improving their strategic communications;
Amendment 625 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21 f (new)
Paragraph 21 f (new)
21 f. Reiterates its support for the activities of the European Union Mission in Armenia (EUMA) mandated to observe developments at the international border with Azerbaijan and expresses its concern at the repeated acts of disinformation and smear campaigns originating from Azerbaijan against EUMA; calls on the EU and its Member States to strengthen EUMA’s mandate, increase its size and extend its duration;
Amendment 631 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21 e (new)
Paragraph 21 e (new)
21 e. Supports the recent Council decision to prolong until 30 June 2025 the mandates of the European Union Border Assistance Mission for the Rafah Crossing Point (EUBAM Rafah) and the European Union Police Mission for the Palestinian Territories (EUPOL COPPS; recalls the essential role of EUBAM Rafah in providing technical assistance on integrated border management to the Palestinian Authority as well as on trade facilitation; considers that the EUPOL COPPS and EUBAM Rafah can play an essential role in support of Palestinian state-building efforts;
Amendment 732 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25 c (new)
Paragraph 25 c (new)
25 c. Highlights the importance of enhanced transparency and alignment at both national and European levels regarding arms exports; urges Member States to fully adhere to Common Position 2008/944/CFSP of 8 December 2008, which establishes common rules for the control of military technology and equipment exports, as amended by Council Decision (CFSP) 2019/1560; recognizes the Member States' authority over their defence procurement policies;
Amendment 745 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 26 c (new)
Paragraph 26 c (new)
26 c. Welcomes the Niinistö Report and its recommendations for strengthening Europe’s civilian and military preparedness and resilience; supports the adoption of a whole-of-society approach to resilience, involving the active engagement of EU institutions, Member States, civil society, and individual citizens in strengthening the Union’s security framework; calls on Member States, the Commission and EEAS to closely examine the report’s conclusions and recommendations and dedicate the necessary political willingness and financial and human resources to implement the proposed actions which would enhance the Union’s role as a decisive security actor on the European and global stage;