Activities of Ibán GARCÍA DEL BLANCO related to 2020/2017(INI)
Plenary speeches (1)
Artificial intelligence in education, culture and the audiovisual sector (debate)
Shadow reports (1)
REPORT on artificial intelligence in education, culture and the audiovisual sector
Shadow opinions (1)
OPINION on artificial intelligence in education, culture and the audiovisual sector
Amendments (70)
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 1 a (new)
Citation 1 a (new)
- having regard to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union,
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 1 b (new)
Citation 1 b (new)
- having regard to the proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 June 2018 establishing the Digital Europe Programme for the period 2021-2027 (COM(2018)0434),
Amendment 5 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Underlines that artificial intelligence (AI) and related technologies are a tool to serve the people and that algorithmic systems can enable access to information, including listings of different kinds of cultural objects; notes the risks of intellectual property rights (IPR) infringement when blending AI and different technologies with a multiplicity of sources (documents, photos, films)and contribute to the general interest of citizens and that they can enable access to education, culture and information, including educational platforms, listings of different kinds of cultural objects and a multitude of data sources; notes that the use of data sources such as documents, photos or films used by AI and related technologies may be subject to intellectual property rights;
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 6 a (new)
Citation 6 a (new)
- having regard to the report of 8 April 2019 of the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence set up by the Commission entitled ‘Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI’,
Amendment 9 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)
Paragraph 1 a (new)
1 a. Highlights that consistent integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education sector has the potential to face some of the biggest challenges of education, to come up with innovative teaching and learning practices, and finally, to accelerate the progress towards achieving sustainable development goals in order to accomplish with the 2030 Agenda for Education.
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 10 a (new)
Citation 10 a (new)
- having regard to its briefing of May 2020 on The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Cultural and Creative Sectors,
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 10 b (new)
Citation 10 b (new)
- having regard to its in-depth analysis of May 2020 on The use of Artificial Intelligence in the Audiovisual Sector,
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 10 c (new)
Citation 10 c (new)
- having regard to the Council of the European Union’s conclusions of June 2020 on Shaping Europe’s Digital future,
Amendment 13 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 a (new)
Paragraph 1 a (new)
1 a. Highlights that education, culture and the audio-visual sector are areas sensitive to the use of AI and related technologies since they have the potential to impact our societies and the fundamental rights they uphold; contends therefore that legally binding ethical principles should be observed in their deployment, development and use;
Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 13 a (new)
Citation 13 a (new)
- having regard to its study of April 2020 on Education and employment of women in science, technology and the digital economy, including AI and its influence on gender equality,
Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 13 b (new)
Citation 13 b (new)
- having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee of September 2018 on Digital Gender Gap,
Amendment 16 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 1 b (new)
Paragraph 1 b (new)
1 b. Emphasises that European artificial intelligence should safeguard and promote core values of our Union such as democracy, independent and free media and information, quality education, environmental sustainability, gender balance and cultural and linguistic diversity;
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A
Recital A
A. whereas artificial intelligence (AI) technologies that can directly impact all aspects of our societies, including fundamental rights and social and economic principles and values are being developed at a fast pace, and are increasingly being used in education, culture and the audiovisual sector;
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A a (new)
Recital A a (new)
A a. whereas the development, deployment and use of AI technologies should observe Union law and values, operate in a frame of trustworthiness, and be guided by a human centric perspective, ensuring human dignity, human autonomy and safety rules;
Amendment 22 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Notes that AI could redefine research by studying patterns in interest in the acquisition and movement of cultural objects across borders; notes, furthermore, that predictive analytics can also play an important role in fine-tuning cultural data analysis;
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A b (new)
Recital A b (new)
A b. whereas the development, deployment and use of AI, including the software, algorithms and the data used or produced by them should be also guided by the ethical principles of transparency, explainability, fairness, accountability and responsibility;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas the availability of high- quality and meaningfulfair, transparent and reliable data is essential for the development of an ethical AI;
Amendment 29 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Notes that AI-improved image recognition softwaretechnologies could vastly enhance the ability of educational facilities and relevant actoteachers to provide and develop modern and innovative schooling methods while ensuring quality sources and respecting the protection of IPRsand fairness in education, non-discrimination and an adequate protection of personal data, in particular children’s data, through transparent and reliable data sources respectful of IPRs; such schooling methods should nevertheless be assessed as to their reliability and accuracy;
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)
Recital B a (new)
B a. whereas the Union and its Member States have a particular responsibility to harness, promote and enhance the added value of AI technologies as well as to make sure that these technologies are safe and contribute to the well-being and general interest of the Europeans; whereas these technologies can make a huge contribution to reach our common goal of improving the lives of citizens and foster prosperity within the Union by contributing to the development of better strategies and innovation in a number of areas, namely in education, culture and the audiovisual sector;
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B b (new)
Recital B b (new)
B b. whereas certain adjustments to existing specific legal Union instruments may be necessary to reflect the digital transformation and to address new challenges posed by the use of AI technologies, also in the education, cultural and the audiovisual sector, such as the protection of personal data and privacy and against discrimination, promote gender equality, respect intellectual property rights, environmental protection and consumer’s rights;
Amendment 32 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 – point a (new)
Paragraph 3 – point a (new)
(a) Notes that due to the significance that the AI could have in the education scenery, it is necessary a rigorous legal basis covering all digital tools to facilitate and enhance teaching activities thought aspects such as reporting educational contents or the improvement of teacher- student ratio.
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B c (new)
Recital B c (new)
B c. whereas in addition to adjustments to existing legislation, such legal and ethical questions relating to AI technologies, should be addressed through an effective, comprehensive and future-proof legal framework of Union law reflecting the Union’s principles and values;
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C
Recital C
C. whereas the use of AIAI and related technologies raises many concerns regarding the ethics and transparency of their development, deployment and use, including the software, algorithms and data collectioned, used, produced and disseminationed by them; whereas the benefits and risks of AI technologies in these sectors must be carefully assessed;
Amendment 37 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 a (new)
Paragraph 3 a (new)
3 a. Underlines the need to ensure EU- wide digital and AI literacy, namely through the development of training opportunities for teachers; insist that the use of AI technologies in schools should contribute to narrow down the social and regional digital gap.
Amendment 38 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 3 b (new)
Paragraph 3 b (new)
3 b. Highlights that the COVID-19 pandemic crisis can be considered as a probation period for the development and use of digital and AI related technologies in the educational and cultural sectors, as exemplified by the many online schooling platforms and online tools for cultural promotion employed across the Member States; thus calls on the Commission to take stock of those examples when considering a common EU approach to the increased use of such technological solutions;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C a (new)
Recital C a (new)
C a. whereas education and educational opportunities are a fundamental right; whereas therefore the AI technologies developed, deployed and used in the sector should qualify as high risk and be subject to stricter requirements of safety, transparency, fairness and accountability;
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D
Recital D
D. whereas high-quality, fast and secure pervasive connectivity, high- capacity networks, IT expertise and digital equipment and infrastructure are preconditions for the broad deployment of AI in the Union; whereas an equal deployment of such infrastructures and equipment along the Union is essential to tackle the persistent digital gap among regions and citizens in the Union;
Amendment 44 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D a (new)
Recital D a (new)
D a. whereas addressing the gender gap on Sciences, Technologies, Engineering, Arts and Maths (STEAM) studies is absolutely necessary to ensure an equal and fair representation of the whole society when developing, deploying and using AI technologies, including the software, algorithms and data used and produced by them;
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E
Recital E
E. whereas it is essential to ensure that peoplecitizens in the Union acquire the necessary skillsa full digital literacy in order to prepare themselves for the increasing presence of AI and related technologies in all aspects of human activity;
Amendment 50 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 – point a (new)
Paragraph 5 – point a (new)
(a) Highlights the future role that the inclusion of AI-based technological tools should have in the conservation, disclosure and heritage control, just as in the associated research projects.
Amendment 51 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 – point b (new)
Paragraph 5 – point b (new)
(b) Stresses the significance that the proposals for legal measures have for a global and unified access to AI in all different artistic and cultural sectors.
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F
Recital F
F. whereas AI and related technologies can be used to improve learning and teaching methods, notably by helping education systems to use data to improve educational equity and quality, whilst promoting personalisation and better access to education; whereas that under no circumstance, the use of AI technologies in education systems can be used to increase the already existing digital and social gap;
Amendment 54 #
Draft opinion
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5 a. Asks the Commission to assess the impact of AI and AI related technologies in creating new audio-visual works such as deep fakes and to establish the appropriate legal consequences attached to their creation, production or distribution for malicious purposes.
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G
Recital G
G. whereas culture plays a central role in the use of AI technologies at scale and is emerging as a key discipline for cultural heritage thanks to the development of innovative technologies and tools and their effective application to respond to the needs of the sector;
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G a (new)
Recital G a (new)
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital H
Recital H
H. whereas AI technologies can be used to create innovative ways to make datasets of cultural artefacts held by cultural institutions across the Union widely accessible whilst allowing users to navigate the vast amount of cultural and creative content;
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital H a (new)
Recital H a (new)
H a. whereas AI technologies contribute to the creation, planning, managing, production, distribution, localisation and consumption of audiovisual media products;
Amendment 69 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital I
Recital I
I. whereas the use of AI technologies for media content, notably personalised content recommendations, raises issues regarding cultural and linguistic diversity;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital J
Recital J
J. whereas AI technologies could have a substantial impact on special needs education, as well as on the accessibility of cultural and creative content for people with disabilities;
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital K
Recital K
K. whereas AI-generated fake content, such as ‘deepfakes’, is growing exponentially and constitutes an imminentthe lack of a legal framework to prevent the spread of deliberated fabrication and publication of misleading information may derive in a major threat to democracy;
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph -1 (new)
Paragraph -1 (new)
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph -1 a (new)
Paragraph -1 a (new)
-1 a. Calls on the Commission to deliver a forthcoming legislative proposal, as a follow up to the White Paper on Artificial Intelligence, for a regulation on the ethical principles applicable to AI and related technologies that provides a strong framework for the development, deployment and use of AI in the Union, with a human centric approach, respectful of fundamental rights and Union law;
Amendment 88 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Reiterates the importance of developing quality and inclusive data systems for use in deep learningsoftware, algorithms and data systems for use in training AI technologies as the use of low- quality, outdated, incomplete or incorrect data may lead to poor predictions and in turn discrimination and bias; highlights that it is essential to develop capabilities at both national and Union level to improve data collection and systematisation; welcomes in this regard the Commission’s proposal for the creation of a common data space in the Union;
Amendment 91 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
Amendment 111 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Recalls the importance of strengtheningachieving a high level of overall digital skillsliteracy at Union level as a prerequisite for the use of AI in education; calls on the Commission, in that regard, to make digital literacy, including AI-related skills, one of the main priorities of its next Digital Education Action Plan;
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 a (new)
Paragraph 3 a (new)
3 a. Calls on the Commission and the Members States to promote digital literacy plans and forums of discussions to involve citizens, parents and students in a democratic dialogue with public authorities and stakeholders over the development, deployment and use of AI technologies in the education systems;
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 b (new)
Paragraph 3 b (new)
3 b. Notices that AI technologies in education should be anchored by human centric values allowing for human control, autonomy and safety, and shall respect fundamental rights. Teachers shall control and supervise any deployment and use of AI technologies in schools and universities, when interacting with pupils and students; reminds that AI systems cannot take any final decision that can affect educational opportunities, such as students’ final evaluation, without full human supervision;
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Stresses that the learning benefits of using AI in education will depend not on AI itself, but on how teachers use AI to meet the needs of both students and teachers; points out, therefore, the need for AI programmers to involve teachers in designing AI-sustainable solutions that are suitable for real-life educational environmentmultifaceted role that teachers play in education and the influence they exert on the lives of the students they teach cannot be replace by any AI or related technology system; notes, hence, the importance for teachers to be digitally literate to effectively and efficiently use AI and related technologies in a manner that contributes to meet the needs of both students and teachers; points out, therefore, the need to involve the educational community in the sustainable development, deployment and use of AI technologies that are suitable for real-life educational environments; furthermore, recalls that it is essential to involve as well key societal actors to prevent gender, social and cultural biases being inadvertently included in AI algorithms, systems and applications;
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 a (new)
Paragraph 4 a (new)
4 a. Stresses the importance of an inclusive education, therefore the use of AI technologies cannot result in detriment of or in substitution of in-person education, especially in early childhood education, since this type of teaching ensures the acquisition of skills that will enable students to progress throughout their lives, such as personal relations, study skills, empathy and cooperative work;
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Highlights, moreover, the need to train teachers in digitisation so they can adapt to the realities of AI-powered education and acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to use AI technologies in a pedagogical and meaningful way;
Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 b (new)
Paragraph 5 b (new)
5 b. Notes that ethically driven AI and related technologies could vastly enhance quality in education for all at all levels, ensuring an adequate protection of personal data, in particular children’s data, transparent and reliable data sources;
Amendment 148 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Underlines the importance of training highly skilled professionals in the field of AIcoming from different branches and backgrounds in the field of AI as well as ensuring the mutual recognition of such qualifications throughout the Union and of upskilling the current and future workforce to enable it to cope with the realities of an AI-driven labour market; thus encourages the Member States to upgrade their educational offers with AI- related skills from all fields of studies and to put in place specific curricula for AI developers;
Amendment 156 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6 a (new)
Paragraph 6 a (new)
6 a. Recalls that an ethical driven AI should be socially responsible and ensure gender equality; stresses therefore, the need of increasing the ratio of women in STEAM studies in order to tackle the gender gap on ICT sectors, and calls on the Members States to address specific plans with concrete training for teachers to prevent bias and discrimination in the use of AI and related technologies;
Amendment 166 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Stresses that AI technologies can play a significant role in preserving, renovating, studying, promoting and managing European cultural heritage assets, notably by monitoring and analysing changes to cultural heritage sites caused by threats such as climate change, natural disasters and armed conflicts;
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Stresses that AI technologies bring a chance to increase the visibility of Europe's cultural diversity; points out that these technologies provides new opportunities for cultural institutions, such as museums, to produce innovative tools for documenting and accessing cultural heritage sites, notably through 3D modelling and augmented virtual reality;
Amendment 177 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Stresses that good practices in AI technologies for cultural heritage accessibility, in particular to persons with disabilities, should be identified and shared amongst cultural networks across the Union;
Amendment 182 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10
Paragraph 10
10. Stresses that AI technologies can also be used to monitor the illicit trafficking of cultural objects and the destruction of cultural property, whilst supporting data collection for recovery and reconstruction efforts;
Amendment 186 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11
Paragraph 11
11. Deplores the fact that culture is not amongst the priorities outlined in policy options and recommendations on AI at Union level, notably in the Commission’s white paper of 19 February 2020 on AI and calls on the Commission and the Member States to address the potential impact of the use of AI technologies on the CCS and to make the most of the NexGen EU recovery plan to digitise the sector to respond to the new forms of consumption of the 21st century;
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 a (new)
Paragraph 11 a (new)
11 a. Acknowledges that AI technologies have the potential to boost a growing number of jobs in CCS facilitated by the increased access to these technologies; emphasises, therefore, the importance to spread digital literacy among the CCS to make this technology more inclusive, usable, learnable, and interactive for the sectors;
Amendment 194 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12
Paragraph 12
12. Stresses the need to set up a coherent vision of AI technologies in the CCS at Union level; calls on the Member States to strengthen the focus on culture in their AI national strategies to ensure that cultural diversity is safeguarded and promoted at Union level in the new digital context;
Amendment 202 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13
Paragraph 13
13. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to support a democriatical public discourse on AI and debate on AI technologies and to provide a regular forum for discussion with civil society, researchers, academia and stakeholders to raise awareness of the benefits and the challenges of its use in the CCS;
Amendment 206 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 a (new)
Paragraph 13 a (new)
13 a. Stresses the need to ensure that the development, deployment and use of ethical AI technologies in the Union, including the software, algorithms and the data used and produced by them, shall respect intellectual property rights, its exceptions and limitations thereto, as well as to promote cultural and language diversity;
Amendment 209 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 b (new)
Paragraph 13 b (new)
Amendment 225 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16
Paragraph 16
16. Suggests establishing a clear ethical framework for the use of AI technologies in media to prevent all forms of discrimination and in media to ensure access to culturally and linguistically diverse content at Union level, based on accountable, transparent and inclusive algorithms; stresses, in that regard, that the framework should also address the misuse of AI to disseminate fake news and online misinformation;
Amendment 232 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16 a (new)
Paragraph 16 a (new)
16 a. Stresses the importance to increase the funds assigned to Digital Europe, Creative Europe and Horizon Europe to reinforce the support to the European audiovisual sector, namely by collaborative research projects and experimental pilot development initiatives on the development, deployment and use of ethical AI technologies;
Amendment 238 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16 b (new)
Paragraph 16 b (new)
16 b. Stresses the importance of ensuring online and offline media pluralism to guarantee the quality, diversity and reliability of the information available;
Amendment 239 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16 c (new)
Paragraph 16 c (new)
16 c. Reminds that accuracy, independence, fairness, confidentiality, humanity, accountability and transparency, as driving forces of the principles of freedom of expression and access to information in online and offline media, are decisive in the fight against disinformation and misinformation;
Amendment 240 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16 d (new)
Paragraph 16 d (new)
16 d. Asks the Commission to assess the impact of AI technologies in creating new audio visual works such as deep fakes and to establish the appropriate legal consequences attached to their creation, production or distribution for malicious purposes;
Amendment 242 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17
Paragraph 17
17. Recalls that with new techniques rapidly emerging, detecting deepfakes is becoming increasingly challenging becausedue to the ability of malicious deepfake makers canto generate algorithms that can be trained to evade detection;