31 Amendments of Lena EK related to 2008/0016(COD)
Amendment 275 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 39
Recital 39
(39) The incentives provided for in this Directive for biofuels and other bioliquids, and the increasing worldwide demand for biofuels and other bioliquids, should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of bio-diverse lands. Such exhaustible resources, recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind, should be preserved. Consumers in the Community, in addition, would find it morally unacceptable that their increased use of biofuels and other bioliquids could have the effect of destroying bio-diverse lands. For these reasons, it is necessary to provide criteria ensuring that biofuels and other bioliquids can only qualify for the incentives when it can be guaranteed that they do not originate in bio-diverse land, or that the raw material extraction did not adversely affect biodiversity. The criteria chosen consider forest as bio-diverse where it is undisturbed by significant human activitya primary forest (following the definition used by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and the Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe) or where it is protected by national laws for nature protection purpose (FAO) in its Global Forest Resource Assessment) or where it is protected by national laws for nature protection purposes. Areas where collection of Non Wood Forest Products is included, provided the human impact is small. Some trees may have been removed. Other types of forests as defined by FAO, such as modified natural forests, semi-natural forests, and plantations, should not be considered as primary forests. Further, considering the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands, it is also appropriate that biofuels made from raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this Directive if it is harvested in a way that adversely affect biodiversity. The Commission should establish appropriate criteria and/or geographical ranges to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international norms.
Amendment 279 #
Proposal for a directive
Recital 39 a (new)
Recital 39 a (new)
(39a) While energy from biomass should not be made from raw materials obtained from land with recognised high biodiversity or from high-carbon-stock land, such as primary forests, the pressure on natural forests may anyhow be large as an unintended consequence of the increased production of bio-fuels. For instance, when demand for vegetable oils increase, because of an increase in demand for bio-diesel, one possible consequence may be that forest land is cleared for the production of soy beans or palm oil. In some cases, such clearing may occur even though it is illegal under national or international regulations. Furthermore land pressures of some type are an inevitable consequence of increasing the scale or scope of virtually any land-intensive activity. Nevertheless, it is important that the EU provide incentives to minimise the risk for such impacts; in particular, promoting schemes for the protection of tropical rainforests, such as compensation for “avoided deforestation”, ought to be a high priority for the EU.
Amendment 339 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point a
Article 2 – point a
(a) “energy from renewable sources” means renewable non-fossil energy sources: wind, solar, geothermal, wave, tidal, hydropower, biomass, snow, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases. Waste heat, recovered from processes listed in Annex X, fulfilling the efficiency criteria listed in Annex Y is also considered a renewable source for the purposes of this directive;
Amendment 350 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point b
Article 2 – point b
(b) “biomass” means the biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from agriculture (including vegetal and animal substances), forestry and related industries, as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste and from aquaculture;
Amendment 363 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point d a (new)
Article 2 – point d a (new)
(da) ‘Ground heat’ means solar energy stored in the upper parts of the earth’s crust and recovered from rock, water and soft soil types.
Amendment 364 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point d b (new)
Article 2 – point d b (new)
(db) ‘Geothermal heat’ means energy originating in a geological process and stored in the form of heat beneath the solid surface of the earth.
Amendment 369 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point f b (new)
Article 2 – point f b (new)
(fb) ‘idle, degraded, or marginal land’ means land that is not, and has not been, forest or wetland since 1990, that is not of High Conservation Value or in direct proximity of such land, or inside valuable nature or government protected areas, and that has not been used for agricultural purposes for at least 10 years; however, this period may be shorter or longer depending on whether the land is in Northern or Southern Europe and in the light of factors such as altitude, climate zone or traditional flora and fauna.
Amendment 379 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – point i a (new)
Article 2 – point i a (new)
(ia) “biomethane” means methane produced from renewable sources that is upgraded to natural gas quality.
Amendment 407 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1
Article 3 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1
3. Each Member State shall ensure that the share of energy from renewable and sustainable peat sources in transport in 2020 is at least 10 % of final consumption of energy in transport in that Member State.
Amendment 444 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 1 - subparagraph 1 a (new)
Article 5 – paragraph 1 - subparagraph 1 a (new)
For the purposes of paragraph 1(c), the final consumption of renewable electricity in transport shall be calculated as the proportion of passenger kilometres or tonnes of freight kilometres powered by renewable electricity.
Amendment 445 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 1 - subparagraph 1 b (new)
Article 5 – paragraph 1 - subparagraph 1 b (new)
For the purposes of paragraph 1(c), renewable energy consumed in electric vehicles will count four times towards meeting the 10 % target, to reflect the inherent efficiency advantage of electric powertrain technology.
Amendment 463 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 5 – subparagraph 1
Article 5 – paragraph 5 – subparagraph 1
5. For the purposes of paragraph 1(b), the final consumption of energy from renewable sources for heating and cooling shall be calculated as the consumption of energy from renewable sources delivered to manufacturquantity of district heating and cooling produced in a Member State from renewable sources plus the consumption of other energy from renewable sources ing industry, transport, households, services, agriculture, forestry and fisheries for heating and, cooling purposes, including consumption from district heating or cooling of renewable originand process purposes, adjusted in accordance with Article 10.
Amendment 489 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 6 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
Article 6 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
1. Member States shall ensure that the origin of electricity or biofuels produced from renewable energy sources, and of heating or cooling produced from renewable energy sources in plants with a capacity of at least 5 MWth, can be guaranteed as such within the meaning of this Directive.
Amendment 502 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 6 – paragraph 2 – point b
Article 6 – paragraph 2 – point b
(b) whether the guarantee of origin relates to – (i) electricity; or – (ii) heating and/or cooling; or – (iia) biofuel;
Amendment 546 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 1 – point a
Article 8 – paragraph 1 – point a
(a) the production of a unit of electricity from renewable energy sources, or the production of a unit of heating or cooling from renewable energy sources in a plant with a capacity of at least 5 MWth, receives support in the form of feed-in tariff payments, premium payments, tax reductions, green certificates, or payments resulting from calls for tenders, in which case the guarantee shall be submitted to the competent body designated by the Member State that established the system of support;
Amendment 550 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 1 – point b
Article 8 – paragraph 1 – point b
(b) a unit of electricity produced from renewable energy sources, or a unit of heating or cooling produced from renewable energy sources in a plant with a capacity of at least 5 MWth, is taken into account for the purposes of assessing an entity’s compliance with a renewable energy obligation, where fulfilling the obligation by way of guarantees of origin is permitted, in which case the guarantee of origin shall be submitted to the competent body designated by the Member State that established the obligation; or
Amendment 558 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 2
Article 8 – paragraph 2
Amendment 564 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 3
Article 8 – paragraph 3
Amendment 632 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2
Member States shall, in particularmay, when appropriate, ensure that:
Amendment 651 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 4
Article 12 – paragraph 4
Amendment 679 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 5
Article 12 – paragraph 5
Amendment 706 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 13 – paragraph 3
Article 13 – paragraph 3
Amendment 739 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 14 – paragraph 1
Article 14 – paragraph 1
1. Member States shall take the necessary steps to develop grid infrastructure to accommodate the further development of electricity and biomethane production from renewable energy sources, including interconnectors between Member States.
Amendment 754 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 14 – paragraph 2
Article 14 – paragraph 2
2. Without prejudice to the maintenance of the reliability and safety of the grid, Member States shall ensure that transmission system operators and distribution system operators in their territory guarantee the transmission and distribution of electricity produced from renewable energy sources within a reasonable time after such capacity is called for. They shall also provide for priority access to the grid system of electricity produced from renewable energy sources. When dispatching electricity generating installations, transmission system operators shall give priority to generating installations using renewable energy sources insofar as the security of the national electricity system permits.
Amendment 755 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 14 – paragraph 2
Article 14 – paragraph 2
2. Without prejudice to the maintenance of the reliability and safety of the grid, Member States shall ensure that transmission system operators and distribution system operators in their territory guarantee the transmission and distribution of electricity produced from renewable energy sources. They shallmay also provide for priority access to the grid system of electricity produced from renewable energy sources. When dispatching electricity generating installations, transmission system operators shall give priority to generating installations using renewable energy sources insofar as the security of the national electricity system permits.
Amendment 800 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Article 15 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2
Amendment 815 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1 – point a
Article 15 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1 – point a
(a) forest undisturbed by significant human activity, that is to say, forest where there has been no known significant human intervention or where the last significant human intervention was sufficiently long ago to have allowed the natural species composition and processes to have become re-establishprimary forest and other wooded land: Forest and other wooded land of native species, where there are no clearly visible indications of human activities and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed;
Amendment 841 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Article 15 – paragraph 4 a (new)
4a. As a priority, biofuels and other bioliquids should be produced from waste materials, through increased productivity on currently used land, or on degraded/idle lands, in order to minimise increased pressure on land use and indirect greenhouse gas emissions. The Commission shall establish the criteria and geographic ranges to determine which land shall be covered by point 4.
Amendment 898 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2
Article 16 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2
The Commission may decide that voluntary national or international schemes setting standards for the production of biomass products contain accurate data for the purposes of Article 15(2) or demonstrate that consignments of biofuel comply with the environmental sustainability criteria in paragraphs 3 or 4 of Article 15. In such case the use of standards must be based on equal treatment of different standard setting schemes and may not lead to discrimination in any part of the biofuel production chain.
Amendment 901 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 a (new)
Article 16 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 a (new)
The Commission acknowledges that the verification of the sustainable origin of biofuels and other bioliquids should primarily be based on national laws and other national regulatory framework.
Amendment 964 #
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 4
Article 18 – paragraph 4
4. For the purposes of demonstrating compliance with national renewable energy obligations placed on operators, the contribution made by biofuels producedand other bioliquids produced on degraded/idle land or from wastes, residues, non-food cellulosic material, and ligno-cellulosic material shall be considered to be twice that made by other biofuels.