Activities of Ana GOMES related to 2012/2050(INI)
Plenary speeches (2)
Main aspects and basic choices of the common foreign and security policy and the common security and defence policy (Article 36 TEU) - Annual report from the Council to the European Parliament on the common foreign and security policy (debate)
Main aspects and basic choices of the common foreign and security policy and the common security and defence policy (Article 36 TEU) - Annual report from the Council to the European Parliament on the common foreign and security policy (debate)
Amendments (45)
Amendment 1 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 6 a (new)
Citation 6 a (new)
- having regard to its resolution of 18 April 2012 on the Annual Report on Human Rights in the World and the European Union's policy on the matter, including implications for the EU's strategic human rights policy[1], [1] Texts adopted, P7_TA(2012)0126.
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 6 b (new)
Citation 6 b (new)
- having regard to the Joint Communication of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and the European Commission to the European Parliament and the Council of 12 December 2011 entitled 'Human rights and democracy at the heart of EU external action – Towards a more effective approach' (COM(2011)0886),
Amendment 3 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 8 a (new)
Citation 8 a (new)
- having regard to UN Security Council Resolutions 1325 (2000) and 1820 (2008) on women, peace and security, to UN Security Council Resolution 1888 (2009) on sexual violence against women and children in situations of armed conflict, to UN Security Council Resolution 1889 (2009) aiming to strengthen the implementation and monitoring of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 and to UN Security Council Resolution 1960 (2010), which created a mechanism for compiling data on, and listing perpetrators of, sexual violence in armed conflict,
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 8 b (new)
Citation 8 b (new)
- having regard to the 2010 indicators for the comprehensive approach to the EU implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1325 and 1820 on Women, Peace and Security[1] and the related 2011 Report, [1] Council document 9990/11 of 11 May 2011.
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 8 c (new)
Citation 8 c (new)
- having regard to its resolutions of 25 November 2010 on the 10th anniversary of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) on Women, Peace and Security[1] and of 2 February 2012 on Women's situation in war, [1] P7_TA(2010)0439.
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A
Recital A
A. whereas the EU should develop its foreign policy objectives further and advance its values and interests worldwide with the overall aim of contributing to peace, human security, solidarity, conflict prevention, the rule of law and the promotion of democracy, the protection of human rights, gender equality, respect for international law, support for international institutions, effective multilateralism and mutual respect among nations, sustainable development, transparent and accountable governance, free and fair trade and the eradication of poverty;
Amendment 12 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas the implementation of the Lisbon Treaty is bringing a new dimension to European external action and will be instrumental in enhancing the coherence, consistency and effectiveness of EU foreign policy and, more broadly, external actions; whereas lessons must be learned from the European Union's past failures in re-shaping its external action while enshrining human rights and democracy at the heart of its policies and promoting transition in countries with authoritarian regimes and de facto support for those regimes, in particular where stability and security concerns have compromised a principled policy of promoting democracy and human rights;
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D
Recital D
D. whereas the new momentum in European external action also requires the EU to act more strategically so as to bring its weight to bear internationally; whereas the EU's ability to influence the international order depends not only on coherence among its policies, actors and institutions, but also on a real strategic concept of EU foreign policy, which must unite and coordinate all Member States behind the same set of priorities and goals so that they speak with a strong single voice in the international arena; whereas the EU's foreign policy must be provided with the necessary means and instruments in order to enable the Union to act effectively and consistently on the world stage;
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Underlines the role of political leadership expected of the HR/VP in ensuring the unity, coordination, consistency and effectiveness of action by the Union; calls on the HR/VP to use to the full her powers to initiate, conduct and ensure compliance with the CFSP, involving Parliament's relevant bodies fully in that endeavour; welcomes the important lead role, on behalf of the international community, played under difficult circumstances by the HR/VP in the negotiations with Iran; calls for such leadership in enhancing the European Union's role in support of the Neighbourhood, in light of the Arab Spring, particularly the democratic transition processes in the Southern Mediterranean, as well as in the stalled Middle East Peace Process and in the Neighbourhood;
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 a (new)
Paragraph 11 a (new)
11 a. Upholds the forthcoming nomination by the Council of a EU Special Representative for Human Rights; Recalls that the EUSR for HR should act and speak on behalf of the Union, reflecting the shared and indivisible responsibility of all EU institutions and Member States to protect and promote human rights worldwide in a consistent and coordinated manner; Insists that the EUSR for HR should work closely with the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy to ensure coherence and mainstreaming of human rights across all policy areas of the CFSP;
Amendment 71 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14
Paragraph 14
14. Calls on the HR/VP to come forward with proposals to further encourage Member State cooperation under the CFSP, specifically by setting out a process that will lead to European Council conclusions on Permanent Structured Cooperation in the area of security and defence and guidelines for more systematic use of coalitions of the willing, such as in the ‘core group’ concept for CSDP missions and operations, as a means of overcomingextending beyond the limits of the ‘battlegroup’ concept;
Amendment 76 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 16
Paragraph 16
16. Welcomes the greater emphasis on consistency and coherence across the range of the Union's financial instruments, for example in the form of the cross-cutting provisions on the EEAS in the proposed regulations for new external relations financial instruments for the period 2014 to 2020; believes that such an approach will demonstrate the Union's added value in the pursuit of security and prosperity for the citizens of Europe; stresses in this regard that it should be ensured that the financial instruments should be used in a complementary manner across the comprehensive range of the Union's foreign policy without duplication;
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17
Paragraph 17
17. Stresses the importance of ensuring that the new external relations financial instruments under consideration by the Parliament and Council should be tailored and fully funded to respond to the strategic interests of the Union as well as being adaptable to changing political circumstances; calls, therefore, for the Union's budget (the Multiannual Financial Framework 2014-2020) to be properly resourced in line with the ambitions and priorities of the Union as a global actor and to provide a secure and prosperous future for citizens as well as the necessary flexibility to cope with unforeseen developments;
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19
Paragraph 19
19. Stresses the importance of ensuring coherence between policy planning, formulation and implementation through an appropriate mix of external financial instruments in the area of foreign affairs; calls among other things for continued complementary between the CFSP and the Instrument for Stability in the areas of mediation, conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict peace- building, as well as for further work towards complementarity with the geographical instruments for long-term engagement with a country or region; welcomes the innovative introduction of a new Partnerships Instrument which brings important added value to the EU's CFSP by providing a financial framework for cooperation with the EU's Strategic Partners and a new way to engage countries whose role on the world stage is steadily increasing in a sustainable manner with a focus on matters of global concern, also in the follow-up to important international summits;
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21
Paragraph 21
21. Believes that the strategic interests, objectives and general guidelines to be pursued through the CFSP must be founded upon delivering peace, security and prosperity for the citizens of Europe, first of all in our neighbourhood, but also further afield, guided by the principles which inspired the creation of the EU itself, including, democracy, the rule of law, the universality and indivisibility of human rights and fundamental freedoms, respect for human dignity, equality and solidarity and respect for international law and the United Nations Charter, including the exercise of the Responsibility to Protect;
Amendment 95 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24
Paragraph 24
24. Takes the view that, in order for the Union to be effective in delivering peace, human security and socio-economic development to citizens in a highly competitive, changing and unpredictablemultipolar international political order, it is important to focus the Union's limited resources on strategic priorities, starting from the challenges closer to home, particularly in the neighbourhood, and extending outwards in concentric circles, including where relevant the role and relative influence of regional organis, including through regional and global organisations to contribute to global regulations;
Amendment 117 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28
Paragraph 28
28. Considers it essential, furthermore, for EU foreign policy towards a region with a recent history of inter-ethnic armed conflict to promote a climate of tolerance, respect for the rights of persons belonging to minorities and anti-discrimination policies and legislation, good neighbourly relations and regional cooperation, including through more integrated education systems (intra- regional exchanges of students) as prerequisites for European stability and as a means of facilitating reconciliation;
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28 a (new)
Paragraph 28 a (new)
28 a. Is concerned about the slow progress in Turkey towards a new civilian constitution and the backslide in a number of areas, notably freedom of expression, rule of law and women’s rights; warns that the deepening polarisation in the Turkish society along political and secular-religious lines may have adverse consequences for the country’s long-term stability and democratic development; takes the view that a fresh start in the EU accession negotiations could act as a catalyst for the country’s progress as regards fundamental rights and freedoms and help bridge cleavages in the Turkish society;
Amendment 134 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 30
Paragraph 30
30. Recalls that the Southern Neighbourhood is of vital importance to the European Union and urges that a better balance be struck between pursuing market-oriented, on the one hand,calls for a strategic vision assisting the transition towards democracy in Tunisia, Libya, Egypt and Yemen; urges that and human and social approaches on the othershould prevail in the EU's response to the Arab Spring; calls, therefore, for a greater focus on human rights, the rule of law, employment, education, training and regional development in order to help alleviate the current social and economic crisis in these countries, and to provide the assistance needed to support the ongoingdemocratic political reforms and social and economic development; underlines the importance of supporting institutional capacity-building, including for the parliaments of these countries, an independent judicial system, the strengthening of civil-society organisations and the formation of pluralist political parties within a secular systemrule of law system, where women’s rights are fully respected;
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31
Paragraph 31
31. Considers that the assessment of progress made by partner countries must be based on mutual transparency and should be based upon clearly defined, and jointly agreed, benchmarks that set outupon clearly defined benchmark, possibly based on jointly agreed timetables for the implementation of reforms as provided for in the action plans; these benchmarks should be the basis for regular and, where possible, joint monitoring and evaluation that include a full role for civil society, in order to ensure effective and transparent implementation of policies;
Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32
Paragraph 32
32. Points out that Turkey is both a candidate country and an important strategic partner; calls, therefore, for the existing political dialogue with Turkey on foreign policy choices and objectives of mutual interest to be reinforced; stresses the importance of encouraging Turkey to pursue its foreign policy in a framework of dialogue and coordination with the European Union in order to create valuable synergies and reinforce the potential for a positive impact; notes that the participation of Turkish institutions and non-governmental organisations in ENP instruments could contribute significantly to the political reform, economic reform and institution building in the Arab world;
Amendment 167 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33 a (new)
Paragraph 33 a (new)
33 a. Calls on the HR/VP to ensure fast deployment in Libya of enough staff and institutional expertise to assist Libya in meeting its needs and respond to their demands in the field of capacity building, governance, civil society and development; urges the EU to support the democratic transition in Libya a in any field and calls on the HR/VP to ensure that EU Member States act in a coordinated manner, consistent with EU principles and values and with the strategic interests in meeting Libya's needs and requests;
Amendment 168 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33 b (new)
Paragraph 33 b (new)
33 b. Urges the HR/VP, the Council and the Member States to invest themselves in seeking a solution to the crisis in Syria; calls on the HR/VP to ensure that EU Member States act in a united and coordinated manner at the UN Security Council, which constitutes the appropriate forum to discuss a potential international and UN-backed intervention in Syria; further urges the HR/VP to step up efforts to diplomatically press Russia and China to unblock the stalemate with respect to Syria at the Security Council; calls on the HR/VP and the Commission to explore all ways to provide and reinforce humanitarian assistance to respond to needs in the neighbouring countries that are most affected by the crisis in Syria, namely by the refugee influx;
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33 b (new)
Paragraph 33 b (new)
33 b. Calls for a sustained and persistent effort by the HR/VP and the Council to pursue a broad agenda with Iran that includes, other than the nuclear issue, human rights and regional security; stresses the need for EU policy towards Iran to express solidarity with all those resisting repression and fighting for basic freedoms and democracy; insists that an EU presence on the ground could ensure that the Member States, as well as the EU, are properly evaluating the evolution in every field and communicating with the Iranian authorities; calls therefore for the opening of a EU delegation in Tehran;
Amendment 235 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 42
Paragraph 42
42. Notes that the energy- and resource- rich Central Asian countries provide a potentially significant source for the EU's diversification of sources and routes of supply; notes that the EU is a reliable consumer and that producer countries need to demonstrate their reliability as suppliers and to foreign investors by inter alia, establishing a level playing field for national and international corporations according to the rule of law; calls on the EEAS and the Commission to continue with support for energy projects and promotion of communication on important goals such as the Southern Corridor and the trans- Caspian pipeline without neglecting principles of good governance and transparency as win-win elements in energy cooperation between EU and partner countries;
Amendment 246 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 43 a (new)
Paragraph 43 a (new)
43 a. (new) Emphasises the need for reinforced cooperation with countries like Russia, Pakistan, India and Iran when addressing challenges in Afghanistan, especially those related to drugs trafficking, terrorism and the spillover risk to neighbouring countries and the region;
Amendment 272 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 50 a (new)
Paragraph 50 a (new)
50 a. Notes the significant impact of Brazil's emergence in the region and globally, combining economic and social programs with democracy, the rule of law and basic freedoms; calls for the reinforcement of the EU-Brazil strategic partnership and political dialogue;
Amendment 279 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 52
Paragraph 52
52. Notes that the joint Africa-EU Strategy has initially focused on the African Union and on technical support for institutional capacity building and policies across the range of peace and security, human rights, democracy promotion, the rule of law and achieving the MDGs; recalls that whilst such a comprehensive approach remains valid, there is a pressing need to move beyond institutional capacity building at continental level towards developing a political partnership for peace, security and socio-economic development at regional and sub-regional level; calls for an extension of such political partnerships to include the Regional Economic Communities, not only as a strategy for strengthening the African Union, but also as a means of deepening the EU-Africa partnership at regional and sub-regional level, thus addressing the political, security and economic interests of African and European citizens; deplores the setbacks that coup d'États such as those occurred in Mali and Guinea Bissau triggered in view of the AU, EU and UN democratic principles and goals; calls for the urgent reestablishment of the constitutional order in those countries;
Amendment 285 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 53 a (new)
Paragraph 53 a (new)
53 a. Recalls the European Parliament resolution of 25 November 2010 on the situation in Western Sahara; urges Morocco and the Polisario Front to continue negotiation for a peaceful and long-lasting solution of the Western Sahara conflict and reiterates the rights of the Sahrawi people to self determination which should be decided through a democratic referendum, in accordance with the relevant United Nations resolutions; condemns the ongoing violation of the human rights of the Sahrawi people; calls for the release of the Sahrawi political prisoners; welcomes the statements by 11 countries during the 13 th session of the Universal Periodic Review of the United Nations raising concerns on the situation in Western Sahara;
Amendment 288 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 54
Paragraph 54
54. Calls for the EU to be more present in the Asia-Pacific region, in particular by highlighting the achievements of democratic transition in Indonesia, the largest Muslim nation, and contributing its experience and expertise to the multilateral initiatives in and around ASEAN and to the progressive emergence of increased Trans-Pacific initiatives; stresses that economic and cultural cross- fertilisation should be given higher priority, in particular by fostering direct investment opportunities and making access for students and researchers easier and more attractive; notes that this implies a strategic coordination of Member States and EU efforts, as opposed to parallel and competing national policies; notes that in the tense regional context, with territorial disputes around the South China Sea, the EU as a neutral partner should be an active proponent of a stable, peaceful solution based on multilateral institutions;
Amendment 298 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 55
Paragraph 55
55. Calls for the EU to be more active in South Asia in support of democratic developments and improvement in the area of governance and the rule of law; welcomes, therefore, the commitment to a democratic and secular Pakistan and urges the EU to be more pro active in the fight against terrorism; calls on the EU to seek closer cooperation with India, free from reciprocal post-colonial prejudices and aiming at the promotion of common values in the region and in multilateral fora;
Amendment 309 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 56
Paragraph 56
56. Notes that the change in leadership of China will be a major test of the country's evolution into either a more politically open and internationally constructive society lining up to its obligations as a permanent Member of the UNSC, or an increasingly repressive and nationalistic country; calls on the EU and its Member States to be more consistent and strategic in their respective messages and policies and so to contribute in a supportive way to a evolution in a positive direction; stresses that this implies eliminating the discrepancies between Member State and EU priorities on human rights in China, the human rights dialogue and support for civil-society organisations;
Amendment 311 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 56 a (new)
Paragraph 56 a (new)
56 a. Welcomes the successful conclusion of the presidential and parliamentary elections held in Taiwan on 14 January 2012; commends Taiwan's continuous efforts in maintaining peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region; recognises the progress in cross-Strait relations, with particular reference to enhanced economic links, and that closer economic ties with Taiwan could improve the EU's market access to China;
Amendment 313 #
Motion for a resolution
Subheading 17
Subheading 17
Amendment 322 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 58
Paragraph 58
58. Believes that, in light of the increasing relevance of the BRICS and other emerging powers and the multipolar system of global governance that is taking shape, the G-20 could prove a useful and particularly appropriate forum for consensus building which is inclusive, based on partnership and able to foster convergence, including regulatory convergence; takes the view, however, that the G-20 has yet to prove its value in converting summit conclusions into sustainable policies that address critical challenges, not least the control of tax havens and other challenges and threats expressed by the global financial and economic crisis; notes in this respect the potential for the G-8 to play a role in building consensus ahead of G-20 meetings; considers that the existence of the G-8 should also be harnessed in an effort to reconcile positions with Russia so that common challenges can be addressed in a coordinated and effective manner;
Amendment 324 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 59 a (new)
Paragraph 59 a (new)
59 a. Calls on the EU to press for the need for a comprehensive reform of the UN Security Council in order to reinforce its legitimacy, regional representation and effectiveness; stresses that such a reform process can be irreversibly launched by EU Member States if, consistently with the purposes of the Lisbon Treaty in enhancing EU foreign policy and the role of the EU in global peace security and regulation, they demand a permanent seat for the EU in an enlarged and reformed UNSC; calls on the HR/VP to urgently take the initiative to bring Member States to develop a common position with that purpose; until such a common position is adopted, urges Member States to agree and enact, without delay, a rotation system in the UN Security Council, so as to secure a EU seat in permanence at the UN Security Council;
Amendment 331 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 61 a (new)
Paragraph 61 a (new)
61 a. Recalls that the Comprehensive approach to the EU implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1325 and 1820 on women, peace and security, adopted by the Council of the European Union of 1 December 2008, recognises the close links between the issues of peace, security, development and gender equality and should be a cornerstone of the CFSP; stresses that the European Union has consistently called for the full implementation of the women, peace and security agenda set in UN Security Council resolutions 1325 (2000) and 1820 (2008) and subsequently reinforced by the adoption of UN Security Council resolutions 1888 and 1889 (2009) as well as 1960 (2010), particularly the need to combat violence against women in conflict situations and the promotion of women's participation in peace building; calls on those Members States which have not yet done it to adopt National Action Plans regarding women, peace and security and underlines that they should be based on uniform minimum European standards as regards to their objectives, implementation and monitoring across the EU;
Amendment 333 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 62
Paragraph 62
62. Underlines the need to develop more effective mediation guidelines and capacities as well as to provide adequate resources for mediation in a timely and coordinated manner, including through ensuring women's participation in these processes; considers it essential for the implementation of the EU's human rights policy to develop the UN Human Rights Council's capacity to address serious and urgent human rights situations, to reinforce the follow-up process on the implementation of recommendations of the Special Procedures and to strengthen the process of the Universal Periodic Review;
Amendment 352 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 66
Paragraph 66
66. Expects the EU to develop a real strategic partnership with the Gulf Cooperation Council, including an open, regular and constructive dialogue and structured cooperation on the transition process and crisis management in the Southern Neighbourhood; to support this objective, reiterates that the EEAS should devote more human resources to the region and open delegations in the main GCC countries; Stresses that human rights, women’s rights, the rule of law and the democratic aspirations of the people in GCC countries, from Bahrain to Saudi Arabia, cannot continue to be overlooked in the EU policies towards the region;
Amendment 361 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 69
Paragraph 69
69. Reiterates its call for the HR/VP, the Council and the Member States to overcome the imbalance between civilian and military planning capabilities in the EEAS and the general difficulty in achieving staffing requirements for CSDP missions and operations, in particular for staff in the fields of justice, civilian administration, customs and mediation, so as to ensure that adequate and sufficient expertise can be provided for CSDP missions, giving a special attention to gender awareness and training in all these fields;; calls for the HR/VP to come forward with specific proposals for making up these staffing shortages, in particular in the area of civilian crisis management and the sectors described above; further calls on the HR/VP, the Council and the Member States to ensure that in each CSDP mission core team there is a human rights expert and a gender expert/focal point;
Amendment 368 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 70
Paragraph 70
70. Calls for the HR/VP to put forward proposals for boosting the capacities of the EEAS on conflict prevention and peace- building, with particular reference to the Gothenburg Programme, and to further expand the EU's capacity to prevent conflict and provide mediation capacities alongside its better-resourced crisis management capacities; calls as a matter of priority for stock to be taken of EU policies in the area of conflict prevention and peace-building with a view to the HR/VP reporting back to Parliament on proposals for strengthening the Union's external capacity and responsiveness in this area; calls on the HR/VP to enhance the participation of women in conflict prevention, mediation and peace-building mechanisms;
Amendment 372 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 70 a (new)
Paragraph 70 a (new)
70 a. Calls for the HR/VP to analyse the effectiveness of the European Union in addressing the threat posed by chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons a decade after the adoption of the 2003 Strategy Against the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and upon the expiration of the extended deadline for the implementation of the 2008 New Lines for Action, with a view to the HRVP reporting back to Parliament on proposals for strengthening the EU's capacity in this policy area;
Amendment 373 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 70 b (new)
Paragraph 70 b (new)
70 b. Calls for the HR/VP to analyse the effectiveness of the European Union in addressing the threat posed by the proliferation of SALW and other Conventional Weapons as well as broader disarmament-related issues since the adoption of the 2005 Small Arms and Light Weapons Strategy and other relevant policy frameworks - including the 2003 EU Common Position on arms brokering and EU arms embargoes - with a view to the HRVP reporting back to Parliament on proposals for strengthening the EU's capacity in this policy area
Amendment 385 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 74
Paragraph 74
74. Notes that Article 194 of the Lisbon Treaty specifies that the EU is entitled to take measures at European level to ensure security of energy supply; believes that diversification of supply sources and transit routes and increasing reliance on renewables and clean energy sources is urgent and essential for the EU, which is highly dependent on external sources of energy; notes that the main directions for diversification are North Africa and the Southern Corridor from TurkeyIraq to Central Asia; believes that it should be ensured that thea current main source of imports – Russia – complies with internal market rules, regulations under the Third Energy package and the Energy Charter Treaty.; notes the great potential in development and interdependence which could derive from transcontinental smart grids for renewable energy linking Europe and Africa;
Amendment 395 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 76
Paragraph 76
76. Believes that fostering dialogue and understanding between different religions and cultures should therefore be an integral part of our external engagement with third countries and societies and, in particular, of our support for resolving conflicts and promoting tolerant, inclusive and democratic societies;