Activities of Tunne KELAM related to 2018/2004(INI)
Plenary speeches (1)
Cyber defence (debate)
Amendments (28)
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 16 a (new)
Citation 16 a (new)
- having regard to its resolution of 22 November 2012 on Cyber Security and Defence (2012/2096(INI)),
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital -A (new)
Recital -A (new)
-A. whereas cyber and hybrid challenges, threats and attacks constitute a major threat to the security, defence, stability and competitiveness of the EU, its Member States and its citizens; whereas cyber defence clearly incorporates both military and civilian dimensions;
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital -A a (new)
Recital -A a (new)
-Aa. whereas the EU and the Member States face an unprecedented threat in the form of politically motivated state- sponsored cyber-attacks as well as cyber- crime and terrorism;
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital -A b (new)
Recital -A b (new)
-Ab. whereas cyber space is widely recognized as the 5th operational domain by the military enabling the development of cyber defence capabilities; whereas debates are held whether to recognize cyber space as the 5th domain of warfare;
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital -A c (new)
Recital -A c (new)
-Ac. whereas the mutual defence clause, article 42(7) of the TEU provides a mutual obligation of aid and assistance by all means of power in case of an armed aggression on a territory of a Member State; whereas this shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States; whereas the solidarity clause, article 222 of the TFEU, complements the mutual defence clause providing that EU countries are obliged to act jointly where an EU country is the victim of a terrorist attack or a natural or man-made disaster; whereas the solidarity clause implies the use of both civilian and military structures;
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital -A d (new)
Recital -A d (new)
-Ad. whereas while cyber defence remains a core competence of the Member States, the EU has a crucial role to play in providing a platform for European cooperation and in ensuring that these new endeavours are closely coordinated from the start to avoid the inefficiencies that mark many traditional defence efforts;
Amendment 39 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C
Recital C
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital O
Recital O
O. whereas different state actors – Russia, China, Iran and North Korea, among others – have been involved in malicious cyber activities in pursuit of political, economic or security objectives that include attacks on critical infrastructure, cyber-espionage, disinformation campaigns and limiting access to the internet (such as Wannacry, NonPetya); whereas such activities could constitute wrongful acts under international law and could lead to a joint EU response, such as using the EU cyber diplomacy toolbox;
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph -1 (new)
Paragraph -1 (new)
-1. Underlines that common cyber defence policy and substantial cyber defence capability should constitute one of the cores of the development of the European Defence Union;
Amendment 109 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph -1 a (new)
Paragraph -1 a (new)
-1a. Recalls that cyber defence has both military and civilian dimensions and that this requires an integrated policy approach and close cooperation between military and civilian stakeholders;
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph -1 b (new)
Paragraph -1 b (new)
-1b. Strongly emphasises that, in the framework of the emerging European Defence Union, cyber defence capabilities of Member States should be closely integrated from the start to ensure maximum efficiency; urges, therefore, the Member States to cooperate closely in the development of their respective cyber commands;
Amendment 111 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph -1 c (new)
Paragraph -1 c (new)
-1c. Recognises that many Member States consider possession of their own cyber defence capabilities to be at the core of their national security strategy and to constitute an essential part of their national sovereignty; stresses, however, that – as with other military branches, and also owing to the borderless nature of cyberspace – the scale required for truly comprehensive and effective forces is beyond the reach of any single Member State and therefore efforts to pursue a common cyber defence policy should be intensified;
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph -1 d (new)
Paragraph -1 d (new)
-1d. Calls on working towards coherent development of cyber capacities across all EU institutions and bodies, as well as in Member States and on providing needed political and practical solutions to overcome the remaining political, legislative and organisational obstacles for the cooperation on cyber defence; finds regular and enhanced exchange and cooperation between relevant public stakeholders on EU and national level in cyber defence crucial;
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
Amendment 178 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9a. Notes that streamlined EU cyber- defence education and training landscape would significantly mitigate threats and calls on the EU and Member States to increase their cooperation in education, training and exercises;
Amendment 185 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10
Paragraph 10
10. Strongly supports the Military Erasmus initiative aimed at enhancing the interoperability of the armed forces of the Member States through an increased exchange of young officers; stresses that there is a need for more experts in the cyber defence domain; calls on the military academies to pay more attention to, and create more possibilities in, the field of cyber defence education;
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 a (new)
Paragraph 10 a (new)
10a. Stresses that there is a need for more experts in the cyber defence domain; calls on Member States to facilitate cooperation between military and non-military academia to bridge this gap and provide for integrated higher cyber education; calls on the military academies to integrate cyber defence education into their curricula;
Amendment 210 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14 a (new)
Paragraph 14 a (new)
14a. Reminds that resilient cyber space requires impeccable cyber hygiene; calls on all public and private stakeholders to conduct regular cyber hygiene trainings for all members of their staff;
Amendment 213 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14 b (new)
Paragraph 14 b (new)
14b. Reiterates that, on the basis of their common values and strategic interests, the EU and NATO have a special responsibility and capacity to address the increasing cyber security and cyber defence challenges more efficiently and in close cooperation by looking for possible complementarities, without duplication and with respect for their respective responsibilities;
Amendment 242 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20 a (new)
Paragraph 20 a (new)
20a. Emphasises the need to mainstream cyber defence into external action and common foreign and security policy, and calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between the Member States, the EU institutions, NATO, the United States and other credible partners;
Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20 b (new)
Paragraph 20 b (new)
20b. Calls on a clear proactive approach towards cyber security and cyber defence and the strengthening of the EU’s cyber diplomacy capacity and instruments across the board, so that they can effectively reinforce the EU’s norms and values, as well as help the parties concerned to reach consensus on rules, norms and enforcement measures in cyberspace globally;
Amendment 248 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21
Paragraph 21
21. Regrets that, after several months of negotiations, the UN Group of Governmental Experts failed to adopt a consensus report; recalls, however, that international law applies to cyberspace and that the 2013 and 2015 UNGGE reports still provide relevant guidelines, in particular as regards the prohibition for states to conduct or knowingly support cyber activities contrary to their obligations under international rules; calls on the EU to assume a leading role in the ongoing and future debates on international norms in cyberspace;
Amendment 273 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25
Paragraph 25
Amendment 286 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 26
Paragraph 26
26. Calls on all stakeholders to reinforce knowledge transfer partnerships, implement appropriate business models and develop trust between companies and defence and civilian end-users, as well as to improve the transfer of academic knowledge into practical solutions, in order to create synergies and port solutions between the civilian and military markets – in essence a European single market for cybersecurity;
Amendment 294 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27
Paragraph 27
27. Recalls the importance of R&D, in particular in the light of the high-level security requirements in the defence market; urges the EU and the Member States to give more practical support to the EU cyber-security industry and reduce bureaucratic burdens , in particular for SMEs and start-ups (key sources of innovative solutions in the area of cyber defence), and to promote closer cooperation with university research organisations and large players with a view to reducing dependencies on cyber security products form external sources and to creating a strategic supply chain inside the EU; notes, in this context, the valuable contribution that can be made by the future EDF and other instruments under the MFF;
Amendment 302 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 28
Paragraph 28
28. Notes that the protection of civilian critical infrastructure assets is becoming a vital defence task that should form part of the remit of national cyber commands; stresses that this will require a level of trust, and the closest possible cooperation, between military actors and the affected industries, and urges all stakeholders to take this into account in their planning processes;
Amendment 320 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31
Paragraph 31