32 Amendments of Nicolae ŞTEFĂNUȚĂ related to 2020/2256(INI)
Amendment 14 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas in recent years, we have seen continuous growth in cyber operations conducted by state and non-state actors; whereas during the COVID-19 pandemic, the EU and its Member States have observed cyber threats and malicious cyber activities targeting essential operators in Member States and their international partners, including in the health care sector;
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B a (new)
Recital B a (new)
B a. whereas cyberspace is considered as the fifth dimension of warfare in addition to land, sea, air and space;
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D a (new)
Recital D a (new)
D a. whereas during the development of the Requirements Catalogue (2017), which is used to identify the full range of CSDP military requirements across a number of illustrative scenarios, the need for cyber defence capabilities emerged as a high priority;
Amendment 29 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D b (new)
Recital D b (new)
D b. whereas the successful implementation of EU missions and operations is increasingly dependent on uninterrupted access to a secure cyberspace, and thus requires resilient cyber operational capabilities;
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)
Recital E a (new)
E a. whereas the defence and space industries are facing unprecedented global competition and major technological changes with the emergence of advanced cyber technologies;
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G
Recital G
G. whereas raising the level of cyber security within the EU is a necessary corollary to the success of Europe’s digital ambitions; whereas a EU with strong cybersecurity culture and technology would be able to guarantee digital sovereignty, support a strong online economy and protect its citizens;
Amendment 41 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G a (new)
Recital G a (new)
G a. whereas one of the goals envisaged by the European Commission proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council establishing the “European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres” has been to enhance synergies between the civilian and military dimensions and to increase cooperation between civilian and defence cybersecurity research and innovation communities;
Amendment 45 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G b (new)
Recital G b (new)
G b. whereas different state actors like Russia, China and North Korea have been involved in malicious cyber activities in pursuit of political, economic or security objectives that include attacks on critical infrastructure, cyber espionage and mass surveillance of EU citizens, aiding disinformation campaigns and distributing malware, limiting access to the internet and the functioning of IT systems; whereas such activities disregard and violate international law, human rights and EU fundamental rights while jeopardising democracy, security, public order and the strategic autonomy of the EU, and should therefore lead to a joint EU response, such as using the framework for a joint EU diplomatic response, including the use of restrictive measures envisaged for the EU cyber diplomacy toolbox;
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital H a (new)
Recital H a (new)
H a. whereas attribution forms are central component in cyber diplomacy and deterrence strategies;
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Recalls that the borderless nature of cyber space and the substantial number of cyber-attacks make them a threat requiring intensified EU-NATO cooperation based on coordinated efforts to counter hybrid threats, information sharing between cyber crisis response teams, exchange of best practices, enhanced training, research and exercises and a coordinated Union-level response, including common Member State support capabilities;
Amendment 73 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 a (new)
Paragraph 3 a (new)
3 a. Welcomes the decision of the Council to give green light for the establishment of the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre in Bucharest, Romania, which will work together with a network of national coordination centres designed by Member States and with the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity and which will channel cybersecurity-related funding from Horizon Europe and the Digital Europe Programme; underlines that the Cybersecurity Competence Centre must bring together the main European stakeholders, including industry, academic and research organisations and other relevant civil society associations, to forma cybersecurity competence community with the aim to enhance and spread cybersecurity expertise across the EU;
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Calls on the EEAS to further develop a coherent IT security policy to strengthen cyber defence coordination, while focusing on prevention, detection, incident response, situational awareness, information exchange and early warning mechanism; urges a cooperation strategy with the EU’s Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERT-EU) to protect networks used by all EU institutions; calls on the European Parliament to ensure its participation in CERT-EU results to ensured a level of IT security that will allow it to receive all the necessary classified and non-classified information to carry out its responsibilities under the Treaties, including as a result of the current process to replace the 2002 Inter- Institutional Agreement on access to information in the area of security and defence;
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Calls on the EEAS to further develop a coherent IT security policy to strengthen cyber defence coordination; urges ato strengthen cooperation strategy with the EU’s Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERT-EU) to protect networks used by all EU institutions; calls on the European Parliament to ensure its participation in CERT-EU results to ensured a level of IT security that will allow it to receive all the necessary classified and non-classified information to carry out its responsibilities under the Treaties, including as a result of the current process to replace the 2002 Inter- Institutional Agreement on access to information in the area of security and defence;
Amendment 98 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Notes that the European Defence Fund (EDF), will also support strengthening resilience, and improve preparedness, responsiveness and cooperation in the cyber domain; calls on the Member States to take advantage of the EDF to jointly develop cyber defence capabilities;
Amendment 106 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Welcomes the progress achieved by the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) Cyber Rapid Response Team; recalls that PESCO offers excellent ways to develop cyber defence capabilities and to speed up cyber security initiatives, such as through the Cyber Threats and Incident Response Information Sharing Platform and Cyber and Information Domain Coordination Centre and to increase interoperability between Member States;
Amendment 110 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9 a. Stresses that cyber defence is considered an operational task for all CSDP missions, and that cyber resilience and related capabilities must be established, tested and deployed prior to the start of CSDP planning processes;
Amendment 119 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11 a (new)
Paragraph 11 a (new)
11 a. Notes the imposition of restrictive measures in July 2020 and October 2020 as a credible step in strengthening the EU’s cyber diplomacy toolbox, while respecting the European vision for the internet, which is one of a single, open, neutral, free, secure and un-fragmented network;
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 a (new)
Paragraph 13 a (new)
13 a. Calls on all Member States to ensure coherence and focus on cyber capability, developing a strategic common approach to priorities; calls on fostering research, innovation and the exchange of expertise, in order to guarantee the full potential of PESCO and EDF;
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15
Paragraph 15
15. Stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over the lack of resources and staff at the EU level, thereby stresses the need to increase both; urges the VP/HR and/or the Member States to increase financial and cyber defence personnel resources, in particular experts in cyberforensicdecision and policy making, policy implementation, cyber incidents response and investigation areas, including the development of cyber skills; calls for further funding for CERT- EU and the creation of an EU security operations centre;
Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15
Paragraph 15
15. Stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over resources and staff at the EU level; urges the VP/HR and/or the Member States to increase financial and personnel resources, in particular experts in cyberforensics; calls for further funding for CERT-EU and EDF and the creation of an EU security operations centre;
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17 a (new)
Paragraph 17 a (new)
17 a. Welcomes the Commission’s initiative to build a network of Security Operations Centres across the EU which could enhance civil-military cooperation to provide timely warnings on cybersecurity incidents;
Amendment 189 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19 a (new)
Paragraph 19 a (new)
19 a. Stresses that the proliferation of dual-use, off-the-shelf systems may present challenges in terms of systems being exploited by an increasing number of state as well as non-state adversaries; calls on the Commission and Member States to activate several levers, such as certification as well as the supervision of the responsibility of private actors;
Amendment 190 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19 b (new)
Paragraph 19 b (new)
19 b. Recommends that the establishment of a Joint Cyber Unit to increase cooperation to respond to the lack of information sharing among EU institutions, bodies and agencies guaranteeing a secure and rapid information network and to enable the full use of existing structures, resources and capabilities;
Amendment 191 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20
Paragraph 20
20. Welcomes the upcoming ‘Military Vision and Strategy on Cyberspace as a Domain of Operations’ which will define cyberspace as a domain of operations for EU CSDP; calls for continuous assessment of the vulnerabilities of the information infrastructures of CSDP mission information infrastructures, and for the implementation of common harmonised standards in cyber defence education, training and exercises (ETE) in support of CSDP missions;
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20 a (new)
Paragraph 20 a (new)
20 a. Notes that a streamlined EU military training & education in the cyber domain would significantly improve the level of trust among Member States, increasing standard operating procedures and clearer regulations and enforcement;
Amendment 203 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21
Paragraph 21
21. Calls for enhanced mutual operational assistance between Member States; strongly emphasises the importance of further exercises and scenario-based policy discussions on crisis management, including on the mutual assistance clause (Article 42(7) of the TEU) in a hypothetical cyber attack scenario; calls for increased coordination with NATO in this matter through participation in cyber exercises and joint training, such as the parallel and coordinated exercises (PACE); calls for such initiatives to strengthen the common understanding on the implementation procedures for mutual assistance and/or solidarity in line with Article 42(7) of the TEU and Article 222 of the TFEU, including with a specific objective of operationalising these procedures for cyber-attacks on the EU institutions orEU Member States;
Amendment 205 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 21 a (new)
Paragraph 21 a (new)
21 a. Reiterates that common strong attribution capabilities are also an essential component of effective cyber defence and cyber deterrence; welcomes the VP/HR proposal to encourage and facilitate the establishment of a Member States’ EU cyber intelligence working group residing within the EU Intelligence and Situation Centre (INTCEN) to advance strategic intelligence cooperation on cyber threats and activities, in order to further support EU situational awareness and decision-making on a joint diplomatic response;
Amendment 223 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23
Paragraph 23
23. Welcomes the arrangement between the CERT-EU and the NATO Computer Incident Response Capability (NCIRC), to ensure the ability to respond to threats in real time by improving cyber incident prevention, detection and response both in the EU and in NATO; stresses also the importance to increase cyber defence training capabilities in IT and cyber systems in cooperation with the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCD COE) and the NATO Communications and Information (NCI) Academy;
Amendment 232 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24
Paragraph 24
24. Calls for further synchronisation of EU-NATO cooperation, notably on cyber defence interoperability requirements, by looking for possible complementarities, pursuing the affiliation of relevant CSDP structures to NATO’s Federated Mission Networking and avoiding duplication and acknowledging their respective responsibilities;
Amendment 240 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25
Paragraph 25
25. Calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between Member States, the EU institutions, NATO, the United Member States and other strategic partners; underlines the urgent need for implementing like Japan, Australia, South Korea, New Zealand and others; underlines the urgent need to respect international law, including the UN Charter in its entirety, and adhere to the widely- recognised international normative framework for responsible state behaviour in cyberspace;
Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25
Paragraph 25
25. Calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between Member States, the EU institutions, NATO, the United States and other strategic partners such as the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE); underlines the urgent need for implementing the widely- recognised international normative framework for responsible state behaviour in cyberspace;
Amendment 251 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 26
Paragraph 26
26. Calls on all Member States and the EU to show leadership during discussions and initiatives under the auspices of the UN to help truly promote responsible state behaviour in cyber space, building on the consensus reports of the UN GGE endorsed by the UN General Assembly, and more recently the OEWG; calls for UN peacekeeping missions to be reinforced with cyber defence capacities in line with the effective implementation of their mandates;