52 Amendments of Reinhard BÜTIKOFER related to 2009/2198(INI)
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Recalls that the European Security Strategy (ESS) and the report on its implementation highlight the key threats and challenges facing the European Union: • proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, destruction, • terrorism and organised crime, • cyber-security, • energy security, • impact of climate change, • regional conflicts, • failed states, • poverty;
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Emphasises that, through the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), the Union is taking steps to address the challenges and threats identified in the ESS, thereby helping to improve the security of European citizens and of the citizens concerned by ESDP missions in accordance with the objectives stated in Article 21(2)(e) of the TEU with a view to preserving peace, preventing conflicts and strengthening international security, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter, with the principles of the Helsinki Final Act and with the aims of the Charter of Paris, including those relating to external borders;
Amendment 16 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Acknowledges the need for the Union to pursue these objectives by means of multilateral cooperation within international organisations – in particular the United Nations – and regional organisations – in particular the OSCE and the African Union – in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations;
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Stresses that the Union must enhance its strategic autonomycapabilities and structures through a strong and effective foreign, security and defence policy, so as to promote peace and international security, defenuphold its interests in the worldfounding values, protect the security of its own citizens, contribute to effective multilateralism in support of international law and advance respect for human rights and democratic values worldwide;
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Reiterates its support for the Union’s efforts to address these threats by developing a holistic and proactive approach synergising the various means of action – both civil and military – available to the Union and its Member States; emphasises that such coordination of civil and military means gives genuine added- value to the Union’s crisis management work;
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5 a (new)
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5a. Calls for more strategic planning with regard to the challenges of climate change, organised crime and cyber- security, which are, for the time being, only briefly mentioned;
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Calls on the Member States, in this context, to step up and enhance the coordinateion of their national strategies and means of action more effectively with those of the Union with a view to ensuring coherence, effectiveness and a greater impact and a higher profile on the ground;
Amendment 34 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Emphasises that, in the longer term, a measure along the lines of a White Paper – providing scope for a wide-ranging public debate – would raise the profile of the CSDP and step up security and defence cooperation by defining the Union’s security and defence objectives and interests more clearly in relation to the means and resources available, thereby making the implementation of the ESS and the planning and conduct of EU crisis management operations more effective and better defined;
Amendment 42 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 – points a and c
Paragraph 8 – points a and c
a. the creation of the post of Vice-President of the Commission/High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, coupled with the establishment of a European external action service (EEAS) incorporating the crisis management, in a comprehensive manner, conflict prevention, civil/military crisis management and peace-building units, c. permanent structured cooperation for those Member States that meet higher standards in terms of military capability and have made more binding commitments in this area in preparation for the most demanding missions, together with enhanced cooperation procedures and the definition of adequate mechanisms of parliamentary scrutiny and control,
Amendment 50 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10
Paragraph 10
10. Calls, after the introduction of a solidarity clause into the new treaty, on the Council to reopen the debate on establishing a European civil protection force – inter alia on the basis of the May 2006 Barnier report – that would pool the Member States’ resources in order to generate an effective collective response in the event of natural or man-made disasters, both inside and outside the Union; takes the view that the military ESDP/CSDP should also provide scope for responding to civilian hazards;
Amendment 56 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11
Paragraph 11
11. Stresses, in the light of the progress made possible by the new treaty in relation to the CSDP, the legitimacy and value of setting up a Defence Council within the Foreign Affairs Council, which would comprise the defence ministers, be chaired by the Vice-President/High Representative and play a special role in developstepping up cooperation and harmonising and integrating military capabilities;
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12
Paragraph 12
12. Takes the view that the Vice- President/High Representative should act very rapidly to make the Union’s various external policies more coherent, and that this coherence should be reflected on the ground by special representatives/heads of delegation under her authority vested with a certain authority vis-à-vis the different European players and the international community;
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13
Paragraph 13
13. Supports the establishment of a civil- military Crisis Management and Planning Directorate (CMPD) to take responsibility for cCalls for the setting-up of a Directorate-General for Conflict Prevention, Civilian Crisis mManagement and strategic planning of the Union’s civil and military operations and help develop the CSDP, particularly in terms of civil and military capabilities; deprecates, however, the extremely lengthy delay in setting up this new structure; hopes that the instruments available to the Commission will also be used as part of this single strategic planning capacity in order to develop a holistic European approach; takes the view that the establishment of the EEAS, into which the CMPD will be incorporated as part of a coherent grouping that will also include the EU Military Staff, Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) and the Joint Situation Centre (SitCen), should make it possible to meet these requirementsPeace-building within the EEAS bringing together the Civil Military Planning Department (CMDP), the Crisis Platform of the Commission and other relevant actors from the Commission and the Council Secretariat;
Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 a (new)
Paragraph 13 a (new)
13a. Calls on the High Representative/Vice-President of the Commission, the Council and the Member States to overcome the imbalance between civilian and military planning capabilities and ensure that adequate and sufficient expertise in fields such as justice, civilian administration, customs and mediation can be provided for ESDP missions;
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 b (new)
Paragraph 13 b (new)
13b. Recalls the importance of systematically addressing human rights and gender aspects in all phases of CSDP operations, both during the planning and implementation phases;
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15
Paragraph 15
15. Stresses the urgent need to put in place permanent structured cooperation based on the most inclusive criteria possible, which should enable the Member States to increase their commitments under the CSDP; calls, in this respect on the High Representative/Vice-President of the Commission to define a proposal to address thoroughly the question of parliamentary accountability and democratic scrutiny of permanent structured cooperation;
Amendment 83 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17
Paragraph 17
17. Welcomes the achievements of the ESDP on the occasion of its tenth anniversary, and notes that the Union launches civil and military operations under the CSDP in response to threats to international and European security; commends the 70 000 or so personnel involved in the 23 missions and operations currently in progress or already completed in the context of the ESDP; notes that the majority of these missions have been in the field of civilian crisis management; commends Mr Javier Solana, Secretary- General of the Council and High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy, for his work on developing the ESDP;
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17 a (new)
Paragraph 17 a (new)
17a. Stresses the importance of making an open and transparent in-depth analysis and evaluation of the successes and shortfalls of the past ESDP missions in relation to their objectives; praises the fact that often the EU has acted in response to specific requests from the United Nations but points out that the EU cannot replace or provide a surrogate for the role of the United Nations with regard, in particular, to missions of a mainly military nature; calls, in this respect, on the Council and the Member States to address the question of UN resources and capabilities in order to improve the UN response to international crises;
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 17 b (new)
Paragraph 17 b (new)
17b. Points out that, with most of the emphasis being put on the military dimension of the ESDP, progress as regards civil capabilities and conflict prevention is too slow and that in this field ways of imparting a new dynamism must be put forward by both the High Representative/Vice-President and the Commission; calls, in this respect, for the further development of the Peace Building Partnership into a European Civil Peace Corps;
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18
Paragraph 18
18. Welcomes the successful contribution made by the European Union’s naval operation in Somalia (EU NAVFOR Somalia – Operation Atalanta) in combating piracy in the Gulf of Aden and off the coast of Somalia to ensure that humanitarian aid reaches all the people in need in this country; emphasises that Operation Atalanta has established itself as a key player in the fight against piracy, inter alia through the Maritime Security Centre (Horn of Africa), and is in favour of extending and broadening the mandate for this operation designed to address a security issue directly affecting the EU (security of citizens and supplies) and respond to a humanitarian and operational emergency (by escorting ships chartered by the World Food Programme to deliver food to the Somali population and ships delivering logistical support to the African Union’s military observation mission in Somalia (AMISOM)); also welcomes the involvement of non-EU countries (Norway and Croatia) and the operation’s constructive cooperation with the other naval forces present in the region, particularly in the context of the SHADE (Shared Awareness and Deconfliction) processes;
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19
Paragraph 19
19. Stresses the need to address the causes of piracy, which stem from the prevailing instability and poverty in Somalia, and consequently takes the view that the Union should support the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) by means of measures aimin partnership with the African Union and the United Nat restoring lasting security and political stabilityions and develop a joint strategy with the aim of starting a regional peace process;
Amendment 100 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20
Paragraph 20
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 24
Paragraph 24
24. HUrges the Council to significantly increase resources for civilian missions in Afghanistan in order to make the EU's civilian priority credible in the eyes of the Afghans and international partners alike; highlights the need to set up a credible civil police force to establish the rule of law in Afghanistan, and commends the work of the EUPOL Afghanistan mission; calls on the Council to remedy the ongoing problem of personnel shortages within the EUPOL mission as a matter of urgency, and to supply secure vehicles to facilitate its deployment, particularly in the provinces; calls on NATO to cooperate more closely with the mission and to coordinate its police work with EUPOL under the auspices of the International Police Coordination Board (IPCB);
Amendment 118 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 27
Paragraph 27
27. In this connection, welcomes the signing of the police cooperation agreement between EULEX Kosovo and Serbia, and notes the purely technical nature of this agreement designed to facilitate the fight against organised crime; regrets, nevertheless, the lack of openness and transparency during the negotiations and calls on EULEX to make every effort to involve and consult with the Kosovo institutions in the negotiations on the future agreements or protocols with Serbia;
Amendment 124 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 30
Paragraph 30
30. As regards Bosnia and Herzegovina, notes that the security situation remains calm and stable despite the ongoing political problems, and emphasises the contribution made by the EU’s military operation (EUFOR ALTHEA) in this respect; Ssupports the Council’s decision to refocus the work of the European Union Police Mission (EUPM) on fighting organised crime and corruption, and underlines the need for a holistic approach to the rule of law sector (police – justice – prisons); encourages the Council to take a decision in the near future with a view to making training for the Bosnian armed forces the new focus of EUFOR ALTHEA; deplores the lack of concerted political decision- making on the future of the international force in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is resulting in unilateral withdrawals by a number of states participating in the force and is liable to detract from the credibility and coherence of the EU’s action in Bosnia and Herzegovina; reminds the Council to uphold the prospect of accession to the EU as agreed upon in Thessaloniki in 2005;
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution
Heading (after paragraph 30)
Heading (after paragraph 30)
Caucasus and frozen conflicts
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32
Paragraph 32
32. Is in favour of extending the mission for a further year, and views it as regrettable that mission personnel have not yet been able tobeen prevented by Russian and local forces from visiting the separatist regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia;
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33
Paragraph 33
33. Takes the view that the Union must continue its activities in the Palestinian Territories; commends the work of the EUPOL COPPS police mission and calls on the Council to consider expanding the mission and to propose a new arrangement with a view to maintaining and making more effective the border assistance mission at the Rafah Crossing Point (EUBAM Rafah) and alleviating the dramatic humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip;
Amendment 138 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 35
Paragraph 35
35. Acknowledges the need for EU involvement in reforming the security sector in a number of African countries, including the Democratic Republic of Congo and Guinea-Bissau, and calls on the Council to base its actions on a holistic approach to Security Sector Reform (SSR) and to assess the effectiveness and impact of these missions on a regular basis;
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 36
Paragraph 36
36. Emphasises the need to gather feedback on EU operations, and calls on the Council to give thought to a mechanism enabling it to be involved in that process; wishes, in particular, to be informed of the first annual report on efforts to obtain and act upon feedback concerning civilian missions; calls on the Council and the VP/HR to produce an overall report on the first 10 years of ESDP which addresses thoroughly achievements, failures and shortfalls of EU missions and, drawing on the past experience, makes the necessary proposals on how to move forward;
Amendment 143 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 37 a (new)
Paragraph 37 a (new)
37a. Stresses, as regards the situation in Haiti, the importance of coordination of the European support measures;
Amendment 145 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 38
Paragraph 38
38. Reiterates, with a view to the revision of the treaty on non-proliferation in May 2010, its recommendation to the Council of 24 April 2009 on non-proliferation and the future of the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)*1, stressing the need further to reinforce all threthe pillars of the NPT, namelywith regard, in particular, to non- proliferation, and disarmament and cooperation on the civilian use of nuclear energy;
Amendment 146 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 38 a (new)
Paragraph 38 a (new)
Amendment 149 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 39
Paragraph 39
39. Welcomes the declarations and stated objectives of the new American administration and its commitment to take nuclear disarmament forward; looks forward to the successful conclusion of the ongoing negotiations with Russia on a new START Agreement;
Amendment 158 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 41
Paragraph 41
41. Recalls that, with a view to meeting growing operational requirements and ensuring more professional and balanced crisis management, the Union needs to increasmprove its civil and military capabilities, including the number of civilian planners made available to the Union; calls on the Council to set a new headline goal, which could encompass both civil and military dimensions and should focus first and foremost on effective capacity building; expects that the EEAS will have a single unit overseeing civil and military capability development;
Amendment 162 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 42
Paragraph 42
42. Stresses the need to balance and to seek synergies between civil and military capabilities and to identify areas in which the Member States can pool their capabilities in a difficult economic climate, using also the opportunity provided by the setting-up of the EEAS;
Amendment 164 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 43
Paragraph 43
43. Reiterates its support for the ambitious goals set at the December 2008 European Council in terms of increasmproved civil and military capabilities; calls on the Council to make progress in implementing proposed projects in this area, notwithstanding the current recession; calls on the Council to keep it regularly informed of the efforts made by the Member States to achieve these goals;
Amendment 169 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 44
Paragraph 44
44. Emphasises the numerous obstacles that have been identified to the rapid deployment of civil missions; calls on the Member States to encourage their justice and interior ministries to take due responsibility in this area; supports the Council’s efforts to facilitate the secondment and deployment of civilian personnel (through the adoption of national strategies and common standards, improvements to the force generation process and pre-deployment training, a revised concept of civilian response teams (CRTs)) and the rapid provision of equipment for new civil missions (by means of framework contracts and a permanent equipment storage project); welcomes, in this connection, the decision to set up a temporary equipment warehouse as part of the EU Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina;
Amendment 170 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 46
Paragraph 46
46. Calls on the Council to give the EEAS a permanent structure centralising common support functions for civil missions and military operations (including recruitment procedures and procurement processes) as well as support in the areas of conflict analysis, dialogue and mediation, human rights, gender and cooperation with non- governmental/civil-society organisations), while keeping in mind the distinct operational requirements of civil missions and military operations, so that they can concentrate on their primary task;
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 47
Paragraph 47
47. Stresses the need for close coordination between CSDP civil missions and other EU instruments in order to ensure rational use of resources; calls on the HR/VP to coordinate with the Commission to plan its activities in similar fields in conjunction with the CouncilEEAS; calls for an ongoing exchange of information between CSDP civil missions and the bodies responsible for intra-European police and judicial cooperation, including Europol, particularly in relation to the fight against organised crime;
Amendment 177 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 48
Paragraph 48
48. Views it as regrettableNotes that the Battlegroups (BGs) – despite the significant investment they represent – have not yet been used, partly for political reasons and partly because their deployment is subject to very stringent criteria; supports more flexible use of the BGs so that they can also serve as a reserve force or as a partial substitute in the event of a disappointing force generation process; calls for an extension of the provisional agreement designed to cover the costs arising from strategic deployment of the BGs, and of the common funding for the costs associated with their use; calls on the Council to deploy them as part of full- scale military exercises; commends the work undertaken at the instigation of the Swedish Presidency on flexible use of the BGs and, on this basis, calls on the Member States to implement the recommendations adopted;
Amendment 179 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 49
Paragraph 49
49. Commends the progress made in terms of military and civil capabilityies, and calls for rapid advances in respect of: – projects designed to allow speedier deployment of ESDP missions and EU forces, namely: • the establishment of a European air transport fleet, the governance plan adopted by 14 Member States at the General Affairs and External Relations Council of 17 November 2009 (extended to include the defence ministers), the establishment of a European air transport command in Eindhoven • helicopter modernisation, crew - projects designed to provide better intelligence to military teams deployed under the European flag: • the new generation of observation • agreements between some Member • the work done by the European • the Global Monitoring for - projects designed to strengthen the EU’s maritime dimension, putting the CSDP’s military resources at its disposal: • the establishment of a maritime and the creation of a multinational and the creation of a multinational A400M unit, while viewing the A400M unit, while viewing the major delays in delivery as major delays in delivery as regrettable and hoping that the regrettable and hoping that the multinational unit can be set up multinational unit can be set up rapidly; rapidly; • helicopter modernisation, crew training and the planned heavy training and the planned heavy transport helicopter; transport helicopter; – projects designed to provide better intelligence to military teams deployed under the European flag: • the new generation of observation satellites (MUSIS programme), satellites (MUSIS programme), • agreements between some Member States and the EU Satellite Centre States and the EU Satellite Centre (EUSC) with a view to facilitating (EUSC) with a view to facilitating access to government images access to government images (Helios II, Cosmo-Skymed and (Helios II, Cosmo-Skymed and SAR-Lupe) for the EUSC, SAR-Lupe) for the EUSC, • the work done by the European Defence Agency (EDA) on Defence Agency (EDA) on expressing military requirements in expressing military requirements in the area of space surveillance, the area of space surveillance, • the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) Environment and Security (GMES) project, while viewing it as project, regrettable that this project does not do enough to address the specific needs of the security and defence sector, particularly in terms of image resolution; suggests that the EUSC could serve as an interface in this area, – projects designed to strengthen the EU’s maritime dimension, putting the CSDP’s military resources at its disposal: • the establishment of a maritime surveillance system based on the surveillance system based on the SUBCAS model used in the Baltic, SUBCAS model used in the Baltic, in order to make maritime transport in order to make maritime transport more secure, curb illegal more secure, curb illegal immigration and trafficking in immigration and trafficking in human beings and combat marine human beings and combat marine pollution; • the roadmap for integrated maritime surveillance scheduled for 2010; takes the view that the lack of cooperation among the various European players must on no account impede the implementation of these projects;
Amendment 184 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 51
Paragraph 51
51. SupportsRecalls that European public opinion is against increasing defence spending and that the main objective with regard to the establishment of a competitivthe European industrial and technological defence base and an open, transparent European market for defence equipment; accordingly, callsshould be to take advantage onf the Member States to continue their research and development efforts by honouring their commitment to devote 2% of defence spending to this area, and to transpose the defence package directives in a harmonised mannereconomies of scale and savings by increasing multinational cooperation and developing synergies;
Amendment 187 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 52
Paragraph 52
52. Strongly supports the establishment of synergies between civil and military capabilities; hopes that the CMPD and the EDA will rapidly define their complementary roles: the CMPDunder the authority of the HR/VP the CMPD within the EEAS should play a strategic role in instigating and coordinating activities, particularly when it comes to identifying common needs, while the EDA should play an operational role in developing dual technologies and civil and military capabilities; takes the view that, inter alia, the security strand of the Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development could serve as a basis for developing such synergies;
Amendment 188 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 54 – bullet point 2 a (new)
Paragraph 54 – bullet point 2 a (new)
• efforts to increase the institutional training capacity at EU level; particularly stresses the need to set up the new-look European External Action Academy which, in close cooperation with appropriate bodies in the Member States and incorporating existing training structures such as the Defence College, would provide Union officials and officials of the Member States who are to work in external relations functions, as well as staff from ESDP missions, with training based on uniformly harmonised curricula, with comprehensive and common training for all officials and appropriate training in consular and legation procedures, diplomacy, conflict mediation and international relations, together with knowledge of the history and experience of the European Union;
Amendment 196 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 63
Paragraph 63
63. Recalls the need for constructive cooperation between the EU and NATO, particularly where the two organisations are active in the same theatres of operation, but stresses, at the same time, the importance of maintaining a distinction without duplication between the two organisations;
Amendment 214 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 70
Paragraph 70
70. Calls on the Council to further the Union’s relationship with the United States in the field of peace-building and crisis management, including in respect of military issues and natural disasters; such cooperation is particularly important when it comes to the fight against piracy missions in Somalia, efforts to strengthen African peacekeeping capabilities, and operations in Kosovo and Afghanistan; particularly welcomes the United States’ participation in the EULEX Kosovo mission under European command;
Amendment 217 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 71
Paragraph 71
71. Takes the view that the new version of the anti-missile shield envisaged by the American administration should be based on a common European approach to the matter, in coordination with Russia, and with efforts being made to involve the European defence industry in its developmentstudied in depth and verified and that any decision in this respect should be based on a common European approach to the matter, taking into account also Russia's positions;
Amendment 224 #
Motion for a resolution
Heading and Paragraph 71 a (new)
Heading and Paragraph 71 a (new)
EU/Russia 71a. Takes the view that more coordination and better cooperation with Russia is needed, as they play a decisive role in European security; takes note, in this regard, of the proposal of the President of the Russian Federation for a new European security architecture;
Amendment 225 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 71 b (new)
Paragraph 71 b (new)
71b. Reiterates its view that further ways must be found of engaging Russia, as an EU strategic partner, in issues with strong security implications where Russia can play an important role such as Iran, Afghanistan, the Middle East, the frozen conflicts, the non-proliferation of nuclear arms and the fight against terrorism and drugs;
Amendment 228 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 75
Paragraph 75
75. Recommends in consequence that the European Parliament and the national parliaments, bearing in mind the options available under the Lisbon Treaty, make full use of Protocol No 1 to that treaty to step up their cooperation in relation to the CFSP and the CSDP by developing closer, more structured working relationships between their respective competent committees vis-à-vis security and defence matters; emphasises that this closer cooperation between the European Parliament and national parliaments will replace the prerogatives misappropriated by the WEU Assembly; also emphasises the need to modify its own structures in order to supervise the CSDP more effectively; urges the Council and the High Representative/Vice-President to find ways to involve the EP and its competent committee from the early stages of the setting-up of Civilian Crisis Management Concepts and Operation Plans;
Amendment 231 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 77
Paragraph 77
77. Calls for the revision of the 2002 interinstitutional agreements between the European Parliament and the Council concerning the European Parliament’s access to sensitive Council information relating to the ESDP and the CSDP, so that thea larger number of MEPs responsible – including the Chairs of the subcommittees on security and defence and on human rights – can obtain the necessary information to exercise their prerogatives in an informed manner;