98 Amendments of Michèle RIVASI related to 2020/2042(INI)
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 3
Citation 3
— having regard to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Paris Agreement of 2015, the Copenhagen Accord of 2009, the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage (WIM) of 2013 and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction of 2015,
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 3 a (new)
Citation 3 a (new)
— having regard to the FAO report “The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018: Building climate resilience for food security and nutrition”;
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 3 b (new)
Citation 3 b (new)
— having regard to the 2020 scientific report “Small-scale fisheries in a warming ocean: exploring adaptation to climate change;”
Amendment 14 #
— having regard to the EU Adaptation Strategy of 2013, the Evaluation of the EU Adaptation Strategy of 2018 and the Blueprint for a new, more ambitious EU Strategy on the Adaptation to climate change;
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 5 b (new)
Citation 5 b (new)
— having regard to the ILO Convention 169 on indigenous and tribal peoples (1989);
Amendment 18 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 5 c (new)
Citation 5 c (new)
— having regard to the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) of 2007;
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 5 d (new)
Citation 5 d (new)
— having regard to the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land (2019);
Amendment 21 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 5 e (new)
Citation 5 e (new)
— having regard to the IPCC Special report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (2019);
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 5 f (new)
Citation 5 f (new)
— having regard to the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) of 6 May 2019;
Amendment 40 #
Ca. whereas according to a recent study by the International Organization for Migration, Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs) and Small-Island Developing States (SIDS) – which are collectively home to about 1.1 billion people – are among the most vulnerable groups of countries in the world, and are disproportionately affected by the negative impacts of climate change owing to structural constraints and geographical disadvantages;
Amendment 48 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E a (new)
Recital E a (new)
Ea. whereas the shift to a low-carbon future that includes clean technology such as solar panels, wind turbines, electric vehicles and batteries will require a lot of minerals, the extraction of which may finance armed conflict, lead to forced labour, and generate deforestation and land grabbing;
Amendment 53 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F a (new)
Recital F a (new)
Fa. whereas 80 % of forests worldwide constitute traditional lands and territories of indigenous peoples; whereas indigenous peoples play a vital role for sustainable management of natural resources and conservation of biodiversity;
Amendment 54 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F b (new)
Recital F b (new)
Fb. whereas indigenous reservations constitute an important barrier against deforestation; whereas the tropical forests inhabited by indigenous peoples and local communities contribute to storing carbon across the tropical forest biome, making them valuable in any strategy to address climate change;
Amendment 55 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F c (new)
Recital F c (new)
Fc. whereas indigenous peoples remain among the poorest of the poor and are disproportionately vulnerable to climate change, as they strongly dependent on lands and natural resources and ecosystems for their basic needs and livelihoods; whereas at the same time, a growing body of research suggests that indigenous peoples have a long record of adapting to climate variability, drawing on their traditional knowledge, which enhances their resilience;
Amendment 56 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F d (new)
Recital F d (new)
Fd. whereas the Special rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples indicated, in her 2017 report, to have received an increasing number of allegations concerning situations where climate change mitigation projects have negatively affected the rights of indigenous peoples, notably renewable energy projects such as biofuel production and the construction of hydroelectric dams;
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F e (new)
Recital F e (new)
Fe. whereas the lack of recognition of indigenous peoples’ and communities’ customary land rights generates risks of land grabbing, thereby jeopardising their livelihoods and their ability to respond to climate change or biodiversity loss;
Amendment 58 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F f (new)
Recital F f (new)
Ff. whereas in its Special Report on Climate Change and Land (2019), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recognises the importance of securing community land for climate change;
Amendment 59 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F g (new)
Recital F g (new)
Fg. whereas the UN Special Rapporteur on indigenous peoples has identified the extractive industries as a main source of conflict and violence on indigenous peoples’ territories;
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F h (new)
Recital F h (new)
Fh. whereas the destruction of wildlife habitats, such as forests, facilitates the spread of viruses; whereas the FAO confirms that the increase in emerging infectious diseases coincides with the accelerated growth of tropical deforestation, linked in particular to the cultivation of oil palm or soybean;
Amendment 61 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F i (new)
Recital F i (new)
Fi. whereas climate change is having a serious impact on the global ocean (acidification; more intense, longer and frequent marine heatwaves, destruction of coral reefs, etc.); whereas in a business- as-usual scenario, climate change is expected to reduce fish biomass by 30 to 40% in some tropical regions by 2100; whereas countries in these zones are highly dependent on fisheries, but lack social and financial resources to adapt and prepare for the future;
Amendment 62 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F j (new)
Recital F j (new)
Fj. whereas climate change has growing impacts on fish populations in developing countries, thus having implications in the short and medium run for the livelihood of coastal communities who lack social and financial resources to adapt and prepare for the future;
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F k (new)
Recital F k (new)
Fk. whereas small-scale fisheries in developing countries are the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, although they are by far the ocean’s largest employer;
Amendment 64 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F l (new)
Recital F l (new)
Fl. whereas the IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate provides equally evidence of the benefits of combining scientific with local and indigenous knowledge to enforce resilience;
Amendment 87 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital I
Recital I
I. whereas the governments of developing countries must lead efforts to reduce vulnerabilities, increase resilience and strengthen support capacities, but the EU, its Member States and other developed and emerging countries must radically scale up their actions, given that the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that are causing climate change were emitted almost exclusively by them, their emissions remain totally dominant, they possess badly needed resources for effective climate action, and they have made important commitments in this respect; whereas, for all these reasons, the EU, its Member States and other developed and emerging countries have a moral obligation to do much more, in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities;
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital K a (new)
Recital K a (new)
Ka. whereas Africa primarily needs investments in climate crisis adaptation, while the European Commission’s Communication “Towards a comprehensive Strategy with Africa” of 9 March 2020 focuses on climate change mitigation;
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital M a (new)
Recital M a (new)
Ma. whereas according to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, 17.2 million people had to leave their homes last year, because of disasters that negatively affected their lives;
Amendment 114 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital M b (new)
Recital M b (new)
Mb. whereas climate-induced displacements are expected to increase as extreme weather events become more frequent and intense, sea levels rise and many countries start to experience the limits of their adaptation and disaster risk reduction action and measures;
Amendment 121 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N a (new)
Recital N a (new)
Na. whereas 200 to 500 million people worldwide practise pastoralism and pastoralism is central to livelihood strategies in the drylands and mountainous regions of East Africa;
Amendment 123 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N b (new)
Recital N b (new)
Nb. whereas agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change, notably for small-scale family farming, which constitutes the predominant form of agriculture worldwide;
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N c (new)
Recital N c (new)
Nc. whereas on 20 December 2017, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a project through which it declared 2019- 2028 as the United Nations Decade of Family Farming;
Amendment 126 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N d (new)
Recital N d (new)
Nd. whereas food systems are responsible for up to one-third of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, with these emissions including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20) and therefore being a major driver of climate change;
Amendment 129 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N e (new)
Recital N e (new)
Ne. whereas according to the FAO, over the past two decades, commercial agriculture has become the most important driver of deforestation in Low Income and Low Middle Income countries, especially in tropical areas;
Amendment 131 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N f (new)
Recital N f (new)
Nf. whereas economic globalisation has often led to an agricultural model based on export crop monocultures which favours unsustainable farming practices in many developing countries and reinforces a dual agricultural model, where small-scale farming is impoverished and, consequently, even more vulnerable to climate change;
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N g (new)
Recital N g (new)
Ng. whereas the globalisation of agricultural markets is reinforcing biodiversity erosion, resulting in less capacity to innovate and adapt to climate change;
Amendment 135 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N h (new)
Recital N h (new)
Nh. whereas there is scientific evidence that organic farming practises can achieve higher levels of CO2 sequestration, which makes them an important solution in mitigating climate change;
Amendment 136 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N i (new)
Recital N i (new)
Ni. whereas environmental crimes, the cost of which has been estimated by the UN Environment programme and INTERPOL to be up to twice as high as the global aid budget, accelerate climate change, notably through forestry crimes;
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital N j (new)
Recital N j (new)
Nj. whereas the Republic of Maldives called, in its statement of 3 December 2019, to amend the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court to recognise criminal acts that amount to ecocide;
Amendment 154 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 – indent 1
Paragraph 2 – indent 1
- the pursuit of rapid, radical curbing and reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions, including through own emission cuts, of at least 65% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels;
Amendment 160 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 – indent 2
Paragraph 2 – indent 2
- the reduction of general vulnerability through poverty and inequality reduction, as well as addressing specific vulnerabilities to impacts of climate change resulting, for example, from the locations of dwellings and the bases of livelihoods, tenure insecurity and forced displacement,
Amendment 175 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 – indent 4
Paragraph 2 – indent 4
- affirming and seeking widespread, binding recognition that migration is becoming ever more necessary as part of the response to the impacts of climate change, and proposing international arrangements for managing climate- induced migration, including through the establishment and promotion of safe, legal migration channels;
Amendment 183 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 – indent 4 a (new)
Paragraph 2 – indent 4 a (new)
- foreseeing the establishment of a regulatory framework to ensure that future investment and trade include mandatory human rights impact assessment and mandatory due diligence requirements;
Amendment 184 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 – indent 4 b (new)
Paragraph 2 – indent 4 b (new)
- implementing a “nexus” approach that bridges emergency response and mid/long-term objectives to address the impact of climate change through a concerted, multi-facetted approach to reduce people’s vulnerabilities and identify and implement sustainable solutions;
Amendment 198 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 a (new)
Paragraph 2 a (new)
2a. Recalls its support for the establishment of a dedicated and automatic EU public finance mechanism helping to deliver the Union’s fair share of the pledged USD 100 billion per year from 2020 in new and additional climate finance from developed to developing countries; urges all EU Member States to rapidly scale up climate finance, prioritising grants-based finance, in particular for LDCs and SIDS, and to further increase financial support during the 2020-2025 period; believes new sources of finances should be mobilised, such as taxation on kerosene and maritime fuel, a financial transaction tax, or a tax on fossil fuel extraction;
Amendment 201 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. CRecalls for a specificits positions to devote 45% of the budget line under the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument for actions to limit and manage the impacts of climate change on vulnerable populations in developing countrieto climate and environmental protection objectives and to increase the allocation to the thematic programmes, with the aim to scale up actions to limit and manage the impacts of climate change on vulnerable populations in developing countries; in particular, stresses that the NDICI should support initiatives which build resilience and adaptation, disaster risk reduction and preparedness, while prioritising nature- based solutions, and improves coherence between climate and migration programmes; calls for the inclusion of earmarked funding to support civil society organisations and local actors to strengthen their resilience and climate change adaptation mechanisms;
Amendment 205 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 a (new)
Paragraph 3 a (new)
3a. Highlights the role of the EIB to help developing countries to tackle the global climate crisis; recalls that the EIB must prioritise sustainable investments, which entails excluding the financing of high-carbon activities in the transport, energy and heavy industry sectors, as well as significantly increasing financial grants to developing countries;
Amendment 208 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 b (new)
Paragraph 3 b (new)
3b. Recalls that the consequences of climate change, including droughts, floods, plummeting biodiversity and the loss of human lives, are deeply undermining low-income and fragile African countries’ development prospects; calls for European support for African countries’ and local authorities’ implementation of the Paris Agreement to be stepped up, through adequate funding for mitigation, adaptation and compensation for loss and damage, with promotion of inclusive stakeholder participation in the elaboration and implementation of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and National Agricultural Investment Plans; calls, more broadly, on the EU to develop a strong new EU Strategy on Adaptation which commits to making adaptation to climate change a priority in EU external relations;
Amendment 210 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Considers that the strategy must include reducing poverty and inequality and strengthening human rights in general as a means to reduce risks and harm caused by climate change;
Amendment 214 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 a (new)
Paragraph 4 a (new)
4a. Underlines that the consequences of the combination of a health pandemic and a global recession will seriously undermine the capability of developing countries to achieve the SDGs, notably by least developed countries (LDCs); emphasises that short-term crisis responses aimed at protecting jobs and boosting economic recovery need to be coupled with longer-term strategic goals of mitigating climate change and shoring up climate change adaptation and resilience;
Amendment 217 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 b (new)
Paragraph 4 b (new)
Amendment 219 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4 c (new)
Paragraph 4 c (new)
4c. Stresses that additional debt relief efforts will only be effective if they translate into additional fiscal space to finance policies that are centred on human rights and enable a transition to climate-resilient and sustainable economies; accordingly, stresses the need to link debt relief measures with additional mobilisation of ODA; recalls donors’ commitment to spend 0.7% of their GNI as ODA; notes that in 2019, DAC members did, however, collectively spend only 0.3%, with only five members meeting or exceeding the spending target (United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark, Luxembourg, and Norway); urges donors to rapidly scale up ODA to levels committed to but never delivered; more broadly, calls for the creation of a multilateral debt workout mechanism, under UN auspices, to address both the impact of the crisis and the financing requirements of the Agenda 2030;
Amendment 225 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Reiterates its call for a commitment by the EU and its Member States to significantly increase the adaptation finance they provide andcalls that adaptation to climate change is a particularly pressing issue for developing countries, which face significant challenges to fund their adaptation activities; reiterates, on this ground, its call for a commitment by the EU and its Member States to significantly increase the adaptation finance to meet their fair share; believes that climate finance should strictly respond to the principle of country ownership to ensure that funded activities respond to the needs and priorities of developing countries, and are additional to existing aid and finance commitments; stresses, in particular, the need to ensure access to finance for regional and local authorities to ensure it reaches the most vulnerable, including women and particularly indigenous women; points once more to the need for progress on the issue of loss and damage, for which additional resources should be raised;
Amendment 243 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Calls on the EU and its Members States to support an ambitious level of finance for the new UNFCCC 2025 climate finance goal, by demanding to establish clear criteria for international climate finance in order to improve the Rio markers methodology, notably to ensure that there is no double counting or overestimation of EU climate finance, with sub-goals for adaptation, loss and damage, and grant-based finance from the European Commission and the European Development Fund;
Amendment 248 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 a (new)
Paragraph 8 a (new)
8a. Recalls that climate change acts as a risk multiplier for conflict, drought, famine and migration; stresses the importance of addressing environmental drivers of migration and of implementing the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) with the aim to protect people displaced by the consequences of climate change; welcomes the landmark decision of the UN Human Rights Committee in the case of Teitiota v. New Zealand, recognising that people fleeing climate-related and natural disasters have a valid claim for international protection under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; urges the Commission and the Member States to take stock of this ruling and take all the necessary measures to ensure full protection of environmentally displaced persons under the EU law and to provide appropriate asylum for climate refugees, while creating channels for safe and regular migration; proposes, in particular, that a climate pass is issued to persons coming from a country, territory or island which will be inhabitable due to climate change as a way to offer protection from vulnerability and statelessness, and that change in the environment due to climate change be added as one of the eligibility criteria for humanitarian protection; calls on the Commission and Member States to put forward such solutions in international fora, in parallel to other EU initiatives; recalls that ODA must keep its purposes of eradicating poverty, reducing inequality, meeting humanitarian needs and respecting human rights, and must never be conditional on migration control;
Amendment 265 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9a. Calls on the EU to encourage the IPCC to draft a special report on the issue of climate-induced displacement;
Amendment 266 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 b (new)
Paragraph 9 b (new)
Amendment 267 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 c (new)
Paragraph 9 c (new)
9c. Recalls the EU’s commitment to follow a Rights-Based Approach (RBA) to development; urges, in line with this commitment, partner countries to adopt measures to effectively involve indigenous peoples in climate change adaptation and mitigation measures and to provide, to this effect, technical and financial assistance that directly reaches indigenous peoples to support self- government, territorial control and management; recalls, more broadly, that a rights-based approach should be operationalised and strictly applied and respected in all ODA funded projects, particularly regarding the rights of pastoralists and indigenous peoples, which implies providing i.e. effective complaint and redress mechanisms in case climate actions violate their rights;
Amendment 268 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 d (new)
Paragraph 9 d (new)
9d. Highlights that the IPCC report on “Climate Change and Land” calls for securing indigenous and community land rights to fight climate change; stresses that frameworks such as the FAO Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests (VGGT) can help to provide legal certainty; urges, accordingly, the EU to make the effective implementation of these guidelines a pre-condition of investment in the remit of the European External Investment Plan; stresses that compliance with VGGT requires the existence of effective independent monitoring and enforcement, including affordable and culturally accessible grievance mechanisms through which indigenous peoples can address allegations of European corporate violation of their rights;
Amendment 269 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 e (new)
Paragraph 9 e (new)
9e. Recalls that the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) calls upon its states parties to respect the knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples as safeguards in implementing the REDD+ programme; calls on all states, particularly the EU and its Member States, to include indigenous peoples and rural communities in the decision-making process with regard to strategies for tackling climate change, which should also cover irreparable damage resulting from climate change forcing them to migrate and resulting in a double discrimination as environmentally displaced persons and indigenous peoples;
Amendment 270 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 f (new)
Paragraph 9 f (new)
9f. Recommends that EU Member States which have not yet done so ratify International Labour Organisation Convention 169 on Indigenous and tribal peoples; urges, in particular, the EU and its partner countries to recognise and protect indigenous peoples’ rights to customary ownership and control of their lands and natural resources as set out in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and in ILO Convention 169 and to comply with the principle of Free, Prior and Informed consent, i.e. by enabling collective registration of land use and by putting in place policies aimed at ensuring more equitable access to land;
Amendment 271 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 g (new)
Paragraph 9 g (new)
9g. Regrets the serious shortcomings of the UN “Protect, Respect, Remedy” framework and the Guiding Principles on business and human rights with regard to both indigenous peoples’ rights and land rights; calls once again on the EU to engage constructively in the work of the UN Human Rights Council on an international legally binding instrument to regulate, in international human rights law, the activities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises, which should include specific standards for the protection of indigenous peoples;
Amendment 272 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 h (new)
Paragraph 9 h (new)
9h. Stresses the need to foster sustainable pastoralism in order to achieve the SDGs; encourages the EU and its Member States to support the African Governance Architecture (AGA), and in particular the African Court of Human and Peoples’ Rights, in order to implement the African Union Policy Framework on Pastoralism in Africa and, more broadly, to recognise pastoralists’ and indigenous peoples’ rights related to communal ownership of ancestral land, their right to freely dispose of their natural resources and their rights to culture and religion;
Amendment 273 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 i (new)
Paragraph 9 i (new)
9i. Recalls that according to the IPCC Climate Change and Land report, the largest potential for reducing emissions from the land sector is from curbing deforestation and forest degradation; stresses that voluntary measures and certification schemes have largely failed to achieve significant results at a global level; calls on the private sector to be pro- active in the fight against deforestation and human rights violations embodied in their supply chains and investments, to fulfil without delay their zero deforestation commitments, and to ensure full transparency on the compliance with their commitments;
Amendment 274 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 j (new)
Paragraph 9 j (new)
9j. Recalls that the EU, as both a major importer and exporter of agricultural commodities and food products, is an important driver of land use change abroad; recalls that approximately 80% of global deforestation is caused by the expansion of land used for agriculture; notes with deep concern that EU consumption represents around 10% of the global share of deforestation, through its high import dependency on agricultural commodities such as palm oil, meat, soy, cocoa, maize, timber and rubber;
Amendment 275 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 k (new)
Paragraph 9 k (new)
9k. Reiterates its calls to adopt without delay a legislative act requiring companies to conduct mandatory due diligence throughout their entire supply chains to ensure that forest risk commodities placed on the Union market are sustainable, deforestation-free, and comply with human rights obligations, including the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities; stresses that such legislation should follow a cross- commodity approach, apply to all economic actors, including financial actors, both upstream and downstream the supply chain, and be accompanied by a robust enforcement mechanism, including effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties for non-compliance;
Amendment 276 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 l (new)
Paragraph 9 l (new)
9l. Calls for the Union to strengthen its standards in terms of mandatory disclosure of information by undertakings related to the production or processing of forest risk commodities in the remit of the revision of Directive 2014/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council and calls for the establishment of an alert mechanism for corporate imports from areas presenting a risk of deforestation;
Amendment 277 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 m (new)
Paragraph 9 m (new)
9m. Recalls that the increasing EU demand of wood for materials, energy and bioeconomy exceeds the limits of EU supply, which therefore increases the risks of import-embodied deforestation, land grabbing, forced displacement and violation of indigenous peoples’ rights; reiterates that EU bioenergy policy should respond to strict environmental and social criteria, in compliance with ILO Convention No 169 and the FAO Voluntary Guidelines on the Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests and the Committee on Food Security´s Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems;
Amendment 278 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 n (new)
Paragraph 9 n (new)
9n. Calls on the EU to integrate forest diplomacy into its climate policy, with the aim to encourage countries which process and/or import significant quantities of tropical timber to adopt effective legislation banning the importation of illegally harvested timber and requiring operators to conduct due diligence (similar to the EU Timber Regulation);
Amendment 279 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 o (new)
Paragraph 9 o (new)
9o. Reiterates that the EU trade policy should be consistent with, and contribute to, its international environmental commitments; welcomes, in particular, the Commission’s commitment to make compliance with the Paris Agreement an “essential clause” of the EU trade agreements; calls, accordingly, on the Commission to: i. ensure that the impact of trade on the state of forests, natural ecosystems and human rights is systematically evaluated in the framework of sustainability impact assessments; ii. include ambitious forest-specific provisions and sustainability benchmarks for agricultural commodities in all Union trade and investment agreements, including provisions to guarantee Free, Prior and Informed consent of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities and the recognition of land tenure rights of forest-dependent communities and of indigenous people; iii. make these provisions binding and enforceable through an effective monitoring and sanctions mechanism.
Amendment 280 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 p (new)
Paragraph 9 p (new)
9p. Stresses that several scientific studies show the interlinkages between biodiversity loss and the rise of pandemics, notably zoonotic diseases linked to climate change, deforestation, and damage to the livelihoods of forest dwellers´;
Amendment 281 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 q (new)
Paragraph 9 q (new)
9q. Recalls that the transition to a green and digital economy has huge implications for the mining sector, which continues to grow in response to rising demand for minerals and metals and a proliferation in their use; reminds that there are growing concerns that mining will spread into sensitive forest landscapes, contributing to deforestation and forest degradation, thereby jeopardising the objective of protecting and restoring forests as a key leverage for mitigating global climate change; urges, against this background, the EU and its Member States to accelerate the transition towards a circular economy; calls, in addition, on the EU and its Member States to step up their efforts to foster responsible and sustainable mining practices, notably through the provision of financial, technical and capacity- building support to developing countries and by enabling stakeholders, including local and indigenous communities and women, to play an active role in minerals, metals and mining development throughout the life cycles;
Amendment 282 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 r (new)
Paragraph 9 r (new)
9r. Calls for the EU to develop a region-wide framework for extractive industries which sanctions companies violating human rights and provides legal redress to indigenous peoples whose rights have been violated; stresses the need to ban mineral exploration and exploitation in all protected areas including national parks and World Heritage Sites;
Amendment 283 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 s (new)
Paragraph 9 s (new)
9s. Highlights that the digital economy, accounts for an increasing share of global energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (digital CO2 emissions are estimated to represent2-5% of the total emissions) and uses rare metals with low recyclability and limited accessible deposits, while increasing e- waste generation worldwide, poses challenges for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, notably regarding health and the environment; reasserts the need to shift patterns of production and consumption to combat climate change;
Amendment 284 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 t (new)
Paragraph 9 t (new)
9t. Stresses the need for green global trade rules to face the climate change crisis; recalls that the objective of sustainable development should become the overriding principle guiding the work of the WTO, whose rules and operations should be designed accordingly, using the Agenda 2030 and Paris Agreement commitments as a minimum benchmark; calls, to this effect, among others for the revision of WTO fossil fuel subsidies, renewable energy subsidies as well as industrial subsidy rules, which should include waivers or peace clauses on climate-relevant products;
Amendment 285 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 u (new)
Paragraph 9 u (new)
9u. Calls on the EU to take steps to re- launch discussions within the WTO on Process and Production Methods to enable products to be differentiated in terms of their carbon footprint, energy footprint or technological standards; takes the view such initiative should be accompanied by measures facilitating technology transfer both for climate adaptation and mitigation to accommodate the needs of developing countries;
Amendment 286 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 v (new)
Paragraph 9 v (new)
9v. Recalls that WTO-TRIPS flexibilities could contribute significantly to the transfer of climate-friendly technologies; calls on the EU to take the lead in identifying barriers to the dissemination of technologies in developing countries to address climate change, and to strive to promote the adoption of a Declaration on “IPR and Climate Change” comparable to the Doha Declaration of 2001 on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, to foster the legal transfer of climate-friendly technologies in developing countries;
Amendment 287 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 w (new)
Paragraph 9 w (new)
9w. Underlines that the ongoing rise of CO2 emissions related to transport and international trade undermines the effectiveness of the EU climate change strategy; takes the view that the climate costs of free trade agreements make for a strong case for shifting the path of export- led development strategy towards endogenous development based on local consumption and production in developing countries;
Amendment 288 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 x (new)
Paragraph 9 x (new)
9x. Calls on the EU and its Member States not to systematically oppose local content clauses in the climate policies of their partners, as they may be useful in promoting the production and consumption of locally produced goods; recalls that trade rules should encourage the sustainable use of resources, and that export taxes on natural resources should accordingly not be prohibited in Economic Partnership Agreements as a general rule, given that they are WTO-compatible and can serve the objective of environmental protection (e.g. export of woods) and, more broadly, the sustainable use of resources;
Amendment 289 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 y (new)
Paragraph 9 y (new)
9y. Expresses its support for the mechanism of Carbon border tax adjustments as an important tool to guarantee fair competition for companies taking action to reduce their climate impact;
Amendment 290 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 z (new)
Paragraph 9 z (new)
9z. Stresses that the environmental costs of international transport linked to trade should be fully reflected in its price; calls, to this effect, for the review of the Energy Taxation Directive to put an end to the unjust and environmentally damaging tax exemption currently applied to aviation and maritime fuels, and to deliver effective and fair carbon pricing for all sectors not covered by the EU ETS;
Amendment 291 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a a (new)
Paragraph 9 a a (new)
9aa. Recalls the EU’s commitments towards PCD and the “do no harm” principle; believes that TSD chapters in trade agreements should be one of the drivers of the external dimension of the European Green Deal; warns, against this background, that the Energy Charter Treaty is a major impediment to the achievements of climate goals; calls on the Commission and the Member States to ensure that the presently ongoing reform of the Energy Charter Treaty will eliminate its potentially adverse effects on the European Green Deal;
Amendment 292 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a b (new)
Paragraph 9 a b (new)
9ab. Notes that while the FTA’s preliminary chapter on Trade and Sustainable Development (TSD) of the EU-Mercosur agreement makes reference to the effective implementation of the Paris Agreement, the chapter does not include legal enforcement mechanisms or the possibility of sanctions; stresses that the EU-Mercosur agreement should include binding and enforceable provisions to address climate change, deforestation, biodiversity loss and the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities;
Amendment 293 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a c (new)
Paragraph 9 a c (new)
9ac. Stresses the need to develop mitigation and adaptation agricultural practises tailored to the needs of developing countries; reminds that most of the efforts in Low Income (LI) and Low Middle Income (LMI) countries shall target adaptation strategies;
Amendment 294 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a d (new)
Paragraph 9 a d (new)
9ad. Recalls that agroecology’s unique capacity to reconcile the economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainability has been recognised by landmark reports by the IPCC and IPBES, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, the World Bank and FAO- led global agricultural assessment (IAASTD); takes the view that agroecology and family farming must be placed at the heart of climate mitigation and adaptation strategies in both EU and ACP countries;
Amendment 295 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a e (new)
Paragraph 9 a e (new)
9ae. Recalls that climate-friendly agriculture entails reducing dependence on fossil fuel energy, including the use of chemical pesticides and fertilisers; highlights that a recent Greenpeace investigation finds that more than 81,600 tonnes of agricultural chemicals banned in Europe, due to health and environmental concerns, were shipped to developing countries in 2018; urges the EU, against this background, to: i. be consistent with its commitment under the European Green Deal, notably the “Farm to Fork” strategy whereby it aims to gradually ban hazardous pesticides from agriculture and promote alternative practises; ii. respect the “do no harm” principle and to take action to prohibit imports and exports of banned pesticides;
Amendment 296 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a f (new)
Paragraph 9 a f (new)
9af. Urges the EU to be a frontrunner in implementing the Paris Agreement; stresses, to this end, the need to create a level playing field for sustainable agriculture at the global level, which entails abolishing distorting subsidies (e.g. synthetic fertilisers), and to internalise external costs of agricultural production; notes that the current Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has negative social, environmental and climate impacts on the agricultural systems of developing countries, thus threatening food security and climate resilience; calls for an ambitious reform of the CAP that takes into account the impacts of direct payments on farmers’ competitivity in developing countries;
Amendment 297 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a g (new)
Paragraph 9 a g (new)
9ag. Underlines that the disruptions triggered by COVID-19 have shone a spotlight on the vulnerabilities of the global food system, highlighting the big potential of short supply chains and of local initiatives that increase local food self-sufficiency to reduce vulnerability to disruptions on international markets and to mitigate climate change; stresses that short supply chains are a key component of agroecological systems; emphasises, therefore, the importance of rural transformation and strengthening local and regional value chains in order to create sustainable jobs, while mitigating climate change;
Amendment 298 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a h (new)
Paragraph 9 a h (new)
9ah. Underlines that agriculture adaptation strategies should include the reform of global agricultural trade rules, giving greater policy space for assuring national food sovereignty, while reflecting adequately the needs of smallholder farmers and rural communities; urges, in this regard, the Commission to develop a strategy to gradually shift away from trade-oriented agricultural policies toward local and regional markets;
Amendment 299 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a i (new)
Paragraph 9 a i (new)
9ai. Recalls that the UN Economic Commission for Africa has reported that close to 40% of children under 5 years of age in Africa are undernourished; notes with concern that the accumulation of debt, notably in Africa, has reinforced the trend of replacing a diversity of food crops with a limited number of cash crops for export (in order to obtain the foreign currencies needed to repay public debts), thereby supporting a production model that is not conductive to agroecology and a healthy diverse diet;
Amendment 300 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a j (new)
Paragraph 9 a j (new)
9aj. Notes with concern that most agricultural development funding in sub- Saharan Africa still supports Green Revolution approaches, with the use of public finances to unlock private investment opportunities (e.g. PPPs, blended finance models) mostly targeting export commodity production and agropoles, and is increasingly conductive to food system industrialisation, while smallholders, and particularly women, struggle to access credit, and financial support for agroecological alternatives remains negligible; insists that EU funding for agriculture should be in line with the transformative nature of Agenda 2030, the Paris Climate Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity, and should prioritise, accordingly, investments in agroecology, agroforestry and crop diversification;
Amendment 301 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a k (new)
Paragraph 9 a k (new)
9ak. Recalls that sustainable management of marine ecosystems is crucial for climate mitigation strategies, which entails tackling inter alia overfishing, land-based pollution reaching the seas and oceans, marine pollution, and eutrophication; underlines that the business model of aquaculture, which now accounts for roughly half of all seafood consumed at a global scale, involves similar risks as industrial farming in terms of the ecosystem degradation and the outbreak of diseases; stresses that the catch of fish for production of animal feed contributes to overfishing in developing countries, most notably in West Africa;
Amendment 302 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a l (new)
Paragraph 9 a l (new)
9al. Stresses that the excessive fishing capacity within the framework of international fish trade has strong implications for the climate resilience of coastal communities and marine ecosystems in developing countries; calls on the European Commission to push for the integration of climate adaptation and mitigation goals in Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreements and in the governance of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations’ to which the EU is contracting party; calls for the EU to push for ambitious measures and financial resources to tackle the global issue of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and the trade of illegal seafood products;
Amendment 303 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a m (new)
Paragraph 9 a m (new)
9am. Recalls the critical role of small- scale fisheries in food security and nutrition, especially for those living in poverty; recalls that fish stock sustainability is a global matter; urges the EU and partner countries to adopt science-based, Maximum Sustainable Yield-based targets for the management of all stocks; to enforce effective monitoring, control and surveillance; to ensure that their supply chains are fully traceable and free from illegal fishing; and to prioritise an ecosystem-based approach to ocean governance;
Amendment 304 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a n (new)
Paragraph 9 a n (new)
9an. Emphasises that the IPCC Special report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate gives evidence of the benefits of combining scientific with local and indigenous knowledge to implement resilience; calls on the EU and partner countries to rely on indigenous know-how in their climate mitigation strategies and to actively promote participatory management, which has proved to be effective in increasing the resilience of coastal communities;
Amendment 305 #
9ao. Stresses that the resilience of coastal communities depending on fisheries relies on sustainable management of fish stocks and improved livelihoods;
Amendment 306 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a p (new)
Paragraph 9 a p (new)
9ap. Urges the EU to develop a human rights-based approach towards ocean governance aiming to support local economic development, and to secure food sovereignty and dignity for small-scale fishers and fishing communities; urges the EU, to this end, to provide financial and technical support, notably for SIDS and LDCs, in the development of the entire value chain in small-scale fisheries, including funding schemes for training, organisational capacity-building and infrastructure;
Amendment 307 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a q (new)
Paragraph 9 a q (new)
9aq. Highlights the importance of women in the seafood industry, including pre- and post-harvest activities; calls for the EU to promote and protect women in fisheries activities and fish-related industries, notably by ensuring greater participation of women in decision- making;
Amendment 308 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a r (new)
Paragraph 9 a r (new)
9ar. Urges the EU and its Member States to make the fight against environmental crime an overriding strategic political priority in international judicial cooperation and institutions and COPs, notably by promoting compliance with MEAs through the adoption of criminal sanctions and the exchange of best practises, and by promoting the enlargement of the scope of the International Criminal Court to cover criminal acts amounting to ecocide;
Amendment 309 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a s (new)
Paragraph 9 a s (new)
9as. Calls for the EU and its Member States to examine the case for granting nature legal personality, thereby strengthening the legal protection of the environment;