49 Amendments of Krzysztof LISEK related to 2012/2318(INI)
Amendment 2 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 4 a (new)
Citation 4 a (new)
- having regard to the 7 October 2012 Declaration of the European Ministers responsible for the Integrated Maritime Policy and the European Commission, on a Marine and Maritime Agenda for growth and jobs, the "Limassol Declaration",
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 8 a (new)
Citation 8 a (new)
- having regard to its resolution of 20 January 2011 on a sustainable EU policy for the High North1 and to the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council of 26 June 2012 on Developing a European Union Policy towards the Arctic Region: progress since 2008 and next steps, ____________ 1 P7_TA(2011)0024
Amendment 6 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 13
Citation 13
Amendment 7 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 14
Citation 14
Amendment 8 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 14 a (new)
Citation 14 a (new)
Amendment 9 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 14 c (new)
Citation 14 c (new)
- having regard to the Council conclusions on the Horn of Africa of 14 November 2011, and, in particular, to the Strategic Framework set out in their annex,
Amendment 11 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 16 a (new)
Citation 16 a (new)
- having regard to its resolution of 15 January 20131 on EU Strategy for the Horn of Africa, _____________ 1 P7_TA-PROV(2013)0006
Amendment 13 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A
Recital A
A. whereas EU Member States are responsible for ltogether control ofmprise a coastline of over 90 000 kilometres in length bordering two oceans and four seas, in addition to overseas territories and national security installations throughout other oceans; whereas EU Member States are responsible for the control, security and safety of the European coastal and territorial waters, Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), continental shelf, maritime infrastructure and marine resources; whereas Member States have the responsibility of being the principal security provider for seafarers on ships flying their flag and for their citizens; whereas States' inability to control their maritime space has consequences well outside their coastal and maritime zones;
Amendment 15 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A a (new)
Recital A a (new)
A a. whereas maritime spaces are open, vast and boundless spaces, only limited by maritime jurisdictions; whereas maritime spaces are difficult to control, especially since international maritime law aims principally at facilitating trade and guaranteeing free movement;
Amendment 17 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital B
Recital B
B. whereas States have a duty to endeavour to enforce and reinforce international law, particularly UNCLOS and to guarantee the flow of maritime routes and the preservation of the Global Commons, commercial and environmental interests; whereas EU Member States altogether constitute the world's biggest EEZ (of around 25 million square metres); whereas 90 % of the EU's external trade and 40 % of its internal trade is transported by sea; whereas the EU is the world's leading maritime shipping actor, with European ship owners managing 30 % of the vessels and 35 % of world shipping tonnage - inter alia 55 % of container vessels and 35 % of tankers, representing 42 % of the value of global seaborne trade;
Amendment 20 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C
Recital C
C. whereas the importance of global maritime flows for the Union has increased exponentially as a result of globalisation and growing global interdependence; whereas the geostrategic maritime balance is fast changing, with emerging powers adopting access denial strategies to constrain traditional US and European presence at seas; whereas a more complex and diffuse maritime security environment makes effective multilateralism and international cooperation in regulating maritime affairs more difficultit is therefore in the EU's interest to ensure maritime security not only in the waters off its coasts but throughout the world's oceans and seas;
Amendment 22 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D
Recital D
D. whereas globalisation also encouragfacilitates the proliferation of illegal maritime non- state actors who thdifferent types of threats to maritime security; whereas those threats can derive both from the behaviours of states that could be intereasten vulnerabled in disturbing international maritime routeflows and infrastructure andfrom the illegal activities of non state actors - such as transnational crimes (arms or drugs trafficking for instance), international terrorism, or piracy that exploit the weaknesses of a fragmented global maritime governance system; whereas legal and illegal activities at sea have been growing in number and in complexity as a result of this multiplication of actors present at sea; whereas this puts pressure on the EU to inve making it more and more difficult to dist in a holistic approach in order to address the complexity of transnational challenges, which no Member State can meet aloneguish legal from illegal activities;
Amendment 23 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D a (new)
Recital D a (new)
D a. whereas the global outlook on naval capabilities and power projection is fast changing, with emerging powers increasingly calling into question UNCLOS principles, international arbitration or regulation; whereas emerging powers have adopted access denial strategies to constrain traditional US and European military presence at sea; whereas, most significantly, China pursues its String of Pearls policy, endeavouring to increase and extend its presence at sea for a multitude of stated and unstated reasons, from securing trade and energy routes to controlling marine resources and maritime critical infrastructure;
Amendment 24 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D b (new)
Recital D b (new)
D b. whereas illegal maritime non-state actors proliferate, threatening critical maritime routes and infrastructures and exploiting the weaknesses of states and their jurisdictions;
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D c (new)
Recital D c (new)
D c. whereas, as a global actor, the EU must consider security challenges and joint responses worldwide; whereas the fight against those non-conventional threats often takes place in challenging and dangerous environments, thus requiring both civilian and military means; whereas the CSDP, with both a civilian and a military dimension, is an appropriate framework to fight against dangerous threats at sea and along the coasts;
Amendment 26 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D d (new)
Recital D d (new)
D d. whereas the EU cannot ensure global maritime security on its own; whereas it needs to achieve strong partnerships with third countries and regional organisations, especially in remote areas - for instance Asia - where it is more difficult for the EU to deploy its own resources;
Amendment 27 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E
Recital E
E. whereas the 2007European Security Strategy (ESS) does not refer specifically to the maritime dimension, except by identifying piracy as an EU threat; whereas on the other hand, the European Integrated Maritime Policy (IMP) addresses maritime issues but barely toucheds upon the security dimension, thus leaving aside an area of increasing concern for the EU; whereas there is an imperative need to revise the EU approach to maritime safety and mecurity, notably with the adoption of a European Maritime sSecurity by mainstreaming into both dimensions their existing interlinkages and identifying common objectives, risks, means available and possible theatres for articulated operaStrategy (EMSS) clarifying how the IMP should contribute to the implementation of the ESS; whereas this EMSS should define EU 's security interests and strategic goals, and identify the available and necessary means for intervention;
Amendment 28 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F
Recital F
Amendment 31 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G
Recital G
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital H
Recital H
Amendment 40 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital I
Recital I
I. whereas conflict and instability at sea or in areas of the world affecting the EU's interest in open maritime flows and safe access require a greater insight into the nexus between human security, state governance and development, which must be at the core of the EU Maritime Security Strategy and any action plan deriving from it; whereas the latter should involve coordination among different EU initiatives, agencies and instruments, with a view to addressing the root causes of instability and helping to solve conflict, enforce peace and assist state-building, governance and development needs, including security sector reform, energy supply, maritime and other trade and transport security, fisheries and environment protection and climate change impact, on the model of EU's strategy for the Horn of Africa, a comprehensive approach involving EU's political, diplomatic, social, and economic tools; whereas this comprehensive approach must be at the core of the EMSS and should involve coordination among different EU initiatives, agencies and instruments, with a view to addressing the root causes of instability;
Amendment 47 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Reminds Member States that only in a spirit of commitment, mutual understanding and genuine solidarity will the Union be able to fulfil its role as a global security provider and to project its political, diplomatic, social, econom; recalls, in this connection, that the Lisbon Treaty introduced a number of signific and cultural influence worldwide, enhancing the security of Europe and that of its citizens; recalls, in this connection, that Article 42(7) TEU (‘t innovations that provide for the institutional framework for effective solidarity among all the Member States in relation to the CSDP : the 'mutual defence clause’' or ‘'mutual assistance clause’) and ', the permanent structured cooperation (Article 2242 TFEU (‘UE), and the 'solidarity clause’), introduced by the Lisbon Treaty, provide for' (Article 222 TFEU); recalls that those institutional framework for effective solidarity among all the Member States in the field of the security and defence of the Union;ruments have yet to be implemented and commends, therefore, the Commission and the European External Action Service (EEAS) for the Joint Proposal on the arrangements for the implementation by the Union of the solidarity clause and invites them to assess what this would entail in the event of its being activated to address any challenges at sea or involving maritime assets or infrastructure; urges the Council to swiftly approve this proposal;
Amendment 49 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
6. Invites the High Representative, the Commission, the Council and all other bodies participating in the relevant task force to elaborate an EU Maritime Security Strategy that involves, and isand the Council to elaborate an EMSS centred on, articulation and coordination among all European actors relevant to maritime safety and security; urges the Commission and the HR/VP, accordingly, to address the shortcomings of the 2007 Integrated Maritime Policy, which failed to make use of the full potential of a truly integrated operational approach to all EU agencies, bodies and instruments which could assist in improving results and cutting/sharing costs; is of the view that the EMSS should be the offspring of the European Security Strategy and a sibling of the Integrated Maritime Policy andMP which does not include a security dimension as well as the limits of the ESS that fails to tackle maritime security threats and risks; claims that its level of ambition ands well as means and capabilities should be determined not just by direct maritime interests but by the need to regulatby the need to act as a global security provider, thereby ensuring free maritime flows and access on the high seas worldwide;
Amendment 60 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
Amendment 65 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 a (new)
Paragraph 8 a (new)
8 a. Acknowledges that increasing traffic at sea and the development of off-shore and coastal activities are challenging maritime security by making it more and more difficult to distinguish legal from illegal activities at sea;
Amendment 66 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 b (new)
Paragraph 8 b (new)
8 b. Notes that the EU is facing conventional threats to its security and notably since the emergence of new maritime powers has rendered more likely potential interstate rivalries over the ownership of maritime areas (disputes over jurisdiction, territorial claims, exploration and exploitation licences in Deep Sea Zones); notes, in addition, that emerging countries have developed their maritime capabilities (navies, submarines) and, at the same time, tend to call international maritime law principles into question;
Amendment 67 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 c (new)
Paragraph 8 c (new)
8 c. Warns against the illegitimate exploitation of important natural resources and minerals in EU Member States' waters or in neighbouring seas; notes that the unmanaged race for marine, natural and mineral resources may have a damaging impact on the marine ecosystem, thus increasing the environmental impact of activities at sea; recalls that the exploitation of marine resources can also lead to an undesirable militarisation of maritime zones;
Amendment 68 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 d (new)
Paragraph 8 d (new)
8 d. Notes that the EU needs to build strong partnerships with third countries and regional organisations in order to ensure the security and the stability of commerce and resource exploitation; highlights the fact that a strong maritime dimension of the CSDP would provide the EU with the ability to act as an effective international arbitrator when needed;
Amendment 72 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Notes that direct and indirect risks to the security of the EU are currently posed by non-conventional threats and actors intending to prolifer; notes thate terrorism and weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in the southern neighbourhood and further into the African continent,hose actors takinge advantage of difficulties in enforcing the law in maritime zones, coastal areas and in general resulting from state failure, state fragility or lack of state control; notes that these threats and actors dangerously interact with organised criminal networks which engage in human trafficking and other illicit activities, such as trafficking in drugs and arms, including small arms and light weapons and WMD components, thereby worsening political and humanitarian crises, obstructing social and economic development, democracy and the rule of law, fuelling deprivation and causing migration, internal displacement of people and immense human suffering;
Amendment 74 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9 a. Notes that one of the main threats to EU maritime security is the rise of maritime terrorist activities around the world that directly threaten EU civilian and military vessels, port facilities and energy installations and take advantage of the sea to attack and infiltrate land-based targets; notes that these actors interact with transnational organised criminal networks engaging in illegal activities at sea, such as smuggling, human trafficking, illegal immigration, drugs and weapons trafficking, including small arms, light weapons and WMD components;
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10
Paragraph 10
10. Is alarmed by increasing evidence that terrorist networks and non-state actors are acquiring sophisticated maritime capabilities, including submarine capabilities, thus significantly improving their threat potential, indicating an expansion of their activities close to Europe, notably on both sides of the South Atlantic Oceanmining capabilities, and Water-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (WBIED), thus significantly improving their threat potential and ability to escape control;
Amendment 80 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11
Paragraph 11
11. Remains concerned by the piracy along the eastern and western African coastline, which is seriously hindering freedom of access and flow in those seas; Recalls that pirates' attacks - from armed robbery, kidnapping of vessels and crews, and money extortion - are seriously hindering freedom of access and flow in those seas and thereby represent a considerable threat to international trade and maritime security; recalls that piracy is generally a problem stemming from lack of governance and development on shore, and that it can only be countf the coastal states concerned through a holistic approach ranging from surveillance to coastguard training, countering illegal financial flows, legislation and addressing the social, economic and political root causes, along with the pressing security needs on the sea, as EUNAVFOR Atalanta off the Horn of Africa illustrates, evolving as it has from an initial uncoordinated stage into a more strategic and comprehensive direction; hopes that the EU will built on the achievements of the CSDP operation EUNAVFOR Atalanta to launch CSDP operations to combat piracy elsewhere;
Amendment 81 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12 a (new)
Paragraph 12 a (new)
12 a. Notes that the fight against non- conventional activities needs to rely on the whole range of CSDP instruments, including military, since interventions often take place in highly difficult landscape, with actors having at their disposal a wide range of dangerous weapons; claims that, on the model of EU action in the Horn of Africa where the EUNAVFOR Atalanta operation and the EUCAP NESTOR operation are ongoing, CSDP operations must be accompanied by the other EU external instruments with the view to address the social, economic and political root causes of crisis and ensure the sustainable securitisation of the regions concerned;
Amendment 85 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14
Paragraph 14
14. Acknowledges that increasing traffic at sea is likely to increase the potential for disasters such as oil spills and other environmental pollution incidents, toxic waste dumping and illegal oil bunkering; stresses that the EU must further develop a strategy that builds on past experience of serious environmental disasters at sea by ensuring that all actors, EU bodies and agencies, in combination with Member State authorities, interveneact in a coordinated manner, while discharging their respective responsibility, with a view to creating the appropriate synergies, in a spirit of solidarity and more effective action and define the appropriate strategy to prevent and respond to such risks;
Amendment 86 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 15
Paragraph 15
Amendment 106 #
Motion for a resolution
Subheading 5
Subheading 5
The Atlantic Ocean and West Africa
Amendment 107 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19 a (new)
Paragraph 19 a (new)
19 a. Notes that the Atlantic Ocean is Europe's life-line for trade; is concerned that the Atlantic, and in particular the Caribbean zone, is the main route used for the transit of drugs coming from South America; is worried by the fact that the development of economic activities in the coming decades, notably with the enlargement of the Panama canal, will foster the rise of criminal activities in the zone, therefore putting at risk the security of the European citizens living there;
Amendment 108 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20
Paragraph 20
20. Believes that the West African coast, and specifically the Gulf of Guinea, today host some of the most substantial impending threats against Europe; is deeply concerned that along the West African coastline serious challenges are developing in relation to criminal activity, trafficking of drugs, human beings and weapons, including the proliferation of WMDs; concurrently, Gulf of Guinea countries are increasingly an operating ground for regional terrorist networks, such as Boko Haram in Nigeria, whose actions spill over to neighbours and which are linked to networks with global outreach, such as Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, as the crisis in Mali is vividly illustrating;
Amendment 112 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25
Paragraph 25
25. Stresses that there is a need to identify adequate European naval capabilities with the aim of enhancing the effectiveness of EU activities in the Gulf of Guinea, specifically in the field of surveillance, patrolling and the fight against organised crime; suggests that specific synergies be created in order to bring added value from the articulation of existing EU instruments and structures, especially the expertise of the European Defence Agency (EDA), the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA), the European Space Agency (ESA) and the EU Satellite Centre (SatCen);
Amendment 116 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 29
Paragraph 29
29. Highlights the recent but reversible success achieved bysuccess of EUNAVFOR Atalanta in curbing the occurrence of pirate attacks in the Western Indian Ocean and in enhancing the credibility of the CSDP; notes that Operation Atalanta is the first ever CSDP naval mission and that it should constitute a basismodel for the further development and implementation of the maritime dimension of the CDSPlaunch of future similar CSDP operations , taking stock of its successes, its shortcomings and lessons learned; welcommends the EU's coordinating role and the cooperative environmpositive role takent between Atalanta and other security py EUNAVFOR Atalanta in the SHADE (Shared Awartenerss in the region, such as NATO's operation Ocean Shield, as well as the navies of some regional emerging powers; the same is true for thand De-confliction) mechanism to promote cooperrdination with other EU actors, such as the SatCen and EMSA, particularly in the field of satellite vessel imagery interpretation, even when there are no formal arrangements underpinning such cooperation; calls on the EU to formalise the bridging among existing EU tools and bodies, such as that developed among Atalanta, EMSA and SatCen, so as to avoid duplication of tasks, resources and expertise and to reap the clear operational benefits of such synergiesbetween the multinational, national and regional naval forces operating in the area, and notably with NATO's operation Ocean Shield;
Amendment 120 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 30 a (new)
Paragraph 30 a (new)
30 a Welcomes the Commission's communication of 26 June 2012 untitled "Developing a European Union Policy towards the Arctic Region: progress since 2008 and next steps", which represents the basis of EU's policy in the Arctic;
Amendment 122 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 31
Paragraph 31
31. Stresses that the opening of the Arctic route is a direct consequence of climate change, and highlights the fact that, first and foremost, the EU should invest itself in the preservation and conservation of the region, its resources and critical environmental assets; underlines the importance of overall stability and peace in the region; stresses, therefore, the need for a united, coordinated EU policy on the region, in which the EU’s priorities, potential challenges and strategy are clearly defined; highlights the fact that, alongside the Danish interests in the Arctic, a future accession of Iceland to the EU would deepen the Union’s transformation into an Arctic coastal entity, underlining the need for an ever more coordinated Arctic policy at EU level; takes the view that EU policy on the Arctic should be shaped by dialogue with all of the partners in the region, including Russia; stresses, furthermore, that, in view of its potential and engagement in the Arctic to date, the EU can and should make a greater effort to enhance and strengthen the position of European observer countries in the Arctic Council;
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 32
Paragraph 32
32. Underlines the potential importance of the safety and security of new world trade routes through the sea passage opened in the Arctic, including for the EU and its Member States' economies; underlines the fact that the EU and its Member States should actively uphold the freedom of the seas and the right to free passage through international waterways; stresses that existing long-standing territorial disputes between Arctic states call for greater EU involvement in the region and an assessment of what tools and capabilities might be needed to respond to conflict in the area; highlights, in any case, the need to avoid the militarisation of the Arctic; calls on the Commission to put forward proposals as to how the Galileo Project could have an impact on Arctic policy and how it could be developed to enable safer navigation in Arctic waters, thus investing in the safety and accessibility of the North East Passage in particular; notes that certain states are already greatly politically active in the Pacific - notably Australia - and that the EU should rely on bilateral and multilateral cooperation in order to ensure security and safety in the region;
Amendment 127 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 33
Paragraph 33
33. Underlines the global importance of the Pacific Ocean, and notably of the South China Sea, through which one third of the world's trade is transported; is alarmed at the escalating tension, and urgently appeals to all the parties involved to refrain from unilateral political and military actions, to tone down statements and to settle their conflicting territorial claims in the South China Sea by means of international arbitration, in accordance with international law, in particular UNCLOS, in order to ensure regional stability and the freedom and safety of navigation in the South China Sea;
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 35
Paragraph 35
35. Stresses the importance of the enlargement of the Panama Canal, which should be completed in 2014, for changing the geostrategic maritime balance and the extraordinary opportunities that this will open up to the EU and Member States if their; warns that Member States' shipping and port infrastructures should be prepared to face the predictable increase in maritime commercial flows and the security and safety risks entailed, arising inter alia from additional environmental stress and criminal activity; emphasises that this connection between the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans could become a significant alternative transport route from Asia to Europe and vice-versa via the west;
Amendment 147 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 40
Paragraph 40
40. Recalls that dual-use capabilities are relevant and should be welcomednecessary in the implementation of the CSDP, in light of the complex security challenges in today's world; stresses that the current crises in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa have highlighted the need for a comprehensive approach that makes use, on the one hand, of the full range of civilian-military engagement and, on the other, of dual-use equipment and capacities, including European naval capabilities; invites the Member States to work with the appropriate EU bodies and agencies, notably the Commission, the EDA and the Commission,ESA in seeking EU funding for dual-use capability development, which is a way to fill in capability gaps at the national, regional and Union level; recalls the dual- use potential of the Galileo programme and its value for the implementation and effectiveness of CSDP operations, particularly in the maritime domain;
Amendment 155 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 44
Paragraph 44
44. Calls for the creation of a truly European coastguard, based on the experience already gained byeffective cooperation between national coastguards, Frontex and the European Patrol Network;
Amendment 158 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 47
Paragraph 47
47. Regrets the fact that the situation which persists today is one of duplication, overlap, waste of resources and turf war among EU bodies and agencies working in the field of maritime security; urges the EU to further study ways in which it can reduce the administrative and financial burden stemming from useless overlap of functions, expertise, equipment and resources among several EU bodies and actors, thus enabling the HR/VP to assert her coordinating function; calls on the EU to formalise the bridging among existing EU tools and bodies, such as that developed through Atalanta, EMSA and SatCen, so as to avoid duplication of tasks, resources and expertise and to reap the clear operational benefits of such synergies;