144 Amendments of Petros KOKKALIS related to 2023/2636(RSP)
Amendment 2 #
Citation 9 a (new)
— having regard to the Commission communication of 14 October 2020 on an EU strategy to reduce methane emissions and its resolution of 21 October 2021;
Amendment 3 #
Citation 9 b (new)
— having regard to the UN Environment Programme report of 6 May 2021 entitled ‘Global Methane Assessment: Benefits and Costs of Mitigating Methane Emissions’;
Amendment 4 #
Citation 9 c (new)
— having regard to the report of the International Energy Agency of May 2021 entitled ‘Net Zero by 2050 – A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector’;
Amendment 5 #
Citation 9 d (new)
— having regard to the Global Methane Tracker report 2022 of the International Energy Agency, February 2022;
Amendment 6 #
Citation 9 e (new)
— having regard to the UNEP report of 6 May 2021 entitled ‘Global Methane Assessment: Benefits and Costs of Mitigating Methane Emissions’;
Amendment 7 #
Citation 11 a (new)
— having regard to the European Environment Agency’s (EEA) ‘The European Environment - State and Outlook 2020';
Amendment 20 #
Citation 19 a (new)
— having regard to the European Scientific Advisory Board on Climate Change and its report of 15 June on Scientific advice for the determination of an EU-wide 2040 climate target and a greenhouse gas budget for 2030-2050;
Amendment 21 #
Citation 20
— having regard to its resolution of xx15 June 2023 on the implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals,;
Amendment 22 #
Citation 20 a (new)
— having regard to the Report of the Midterm Review of the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, UNDRR 2023;
Amendment 23 #
Citation 23 a (new)
— having regard to the UN Environment Programme report of 18 February 2021 entitled ‘Making Peace with Nature: a scientific blueprint to tackle the climate, biodiversity and pollution emergencies’;
Amendment 24 #
Citation 23 b (new)
— having regard to its resolution of September 2020 on the European Year of Greener Cities 2022;
Amendment 25 #
Citation 23 c (new)
— having regard to the co-sponsored IPBES-IPCC workshop report on biodiversity and climate change of 10 June 2021;
Amendment 27 #
Citation 25 a (new)
— having regard to its resolution of 15 June 2023 on a European Day for the victims of the global climate crisis;
Amendment 37 #
Citation 32 b (new)
— having regard to the Global Temperature Report for 2022, of January 12th 2023;
Amendment 38 #
Citation 32 c (new)
— having regard to the European Climate Neutrality Observatory flagship report ' State of EU progress to climate neutrality ' of 26 June 2023;
Amendment 42 #
Citation 33 b (new)
— having regard to EEA Report No 22/2018 on Unequal exposure and unequal impacts: social vulnerability to air pollution, noise and extreme temperatures in Europe;
Amendment 44 #
Citation 33 c (new)
— having regard to EEA Report No 7/2022 on Climate change as a threat to health and well-being in Europe: focus on heat and infectious diseases;
Amendment 45 #
Citation 33 d (new)
— having regard to the European Climate and Health Observatory;
Amendment 46 #
Citation 33 e (new)
— having regard to the Copernicus Climate Change Service and its 2022 Global Climate Highlights report;
Amendment 47 #
Citation 33 f (new)
— having regard to the European Court of Auditors Special report 18/2023: EU climate and energy targets – 2020 targets achieved, but little indication that actions to reach the 2030 targets will be sufficient;
Amendment 49 #
Recital -A (new)
-A. whereas the European Parliament declared a climate and environmental emergency and committed to urgently take the concrete action needed to fight and contain this threat before it is too late; whereas biodiversity loss and climate change are interlinked and exacerbate each other, representing equal threats to life on our planet, and as such, should be urgently tackled together;
Amendment 50 #
Recital A
A. whereas the Paris Agreement entered into force on 4 November 2016; whereas to date 194 states have ratified or acceded to the agreement, representing over 98% of global emissions and only three states have signed but not ratified the agreement;
Amendment 51 #
Recital A a (new)
Aa. whereas according to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Emissions Gap Report 2022 the commitments made so far by the signatories to the Paris Agreement will not be sufficient to achieve its common goal and will result in global temperature rise of 2,8 °C by the end of the century, indicating as well that the world is still dangerously off track to meet the aspirations of the Paris Agreement; whereas the report states that the international community is falling far short of the Paris goals, with no credible pathway to 1.5°C in place, and that only an urgent system-wide transformation can avoid climate disaster;
Amendment 53 #
Recital B
B. whereas there has been inadequate collective progress towards achieving the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement since it was adopted in 2015; whereas according to the updated NDC Synthesis Report, global GHG emissions in 2030, taking into consideration implementation of the latest NDCs of all Parties to the Paris Agreement, are expected to be 15.9% higher than the 2010 level; whereas even at the optimistic scenario of limiting the average global temperature to 1.5° C would have irreversible adverse impacts on human systems and ecosystems and would significantly reduce their adaptive capacities, thus leading to losses and damages;
Amendment 58 #
Recital C
C. whereas the global stocktake (GST) is a central element of the Paris Agreement; whereas the GST aims to ratchet up ambition and drive climate action, and makes it possible to take stock of the Paris Agreement’s implementation that allows an overall picture of progress on the implementation of the Agreement; whereas the outcome of the stocktaking exercise of the GST should subsequently spur Parties to ratchet up ambition and drive climate action; whereas having a periodic stocktaking exercise on the collective progress on the Paris Agreement goals is a crucial part of the Paris Agreement architecture;
Amendment 60 #
Recital C a (new)
Ca. whereas the Glasgow Climate Pact requests countries to revisit and strengthen the 2030 targets in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) by the end of 2022; whereas by the end of 2022, no Party had revised their NDC;
Amendment 65 #
Recital C b (new)
Cb. whereas the average global temperature in 2022 was 1.15oC above pre-industrial levels; whereas, according to a new report by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO),1a there is a 66% likelihood that the annual average near-surface global temperature between 2023 and 2027 will be more than 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels for at least one year; whereas there is a 98% likelihood that at least one of the next five years, and the five-year period as a whole, will be the warmest on record; __________________ 1a https://library.wmo.int/index.php?lvl=noti ce_display&id=22272
Amendment 67 #
Recital C c (new)
Cc. whereas the WMO points out that Arctic warming is disproportionately high; whereas numerous studies report this ‘Arctic amplification’ phenomenon of warming over three times faster than the rest of the globe; whereas UNEP underlines that ocean acidification and pollution are also posing major threats to the Arctic;
Amendment 68 #
Recital C d (new)
Cd. whereas we are currently at 423.46 parts per million of atmospheric CO2; whereas atmospheric CO2 levels of between 280 and 350 parts per million created the climate that allowed humanity build and feed the modern world;
Amendment 70 #
Recital C f (new)
Amendment 73 #
Recital D a (new)
Da. whereas IPCC has urged the world to keep global warming below 1,5º C, yet in 2022 warming was already approximately 1,24º C above pre- industrial levels;1a whereas according to the IPCC, human influence has unequivocally warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land and the impacts of human-induced climate change are being felt in the increased frequency of extreme weather events including heatwaves, droughts, flooding, winter storms, hurricanes and wildfires; whereas between 2000 and 2019, floods, droughts, and storms alone affected nearly 4 billion people worldwide, costing over 300 000 lives; whereas the occurrence of these extreme events represents a drastic change since the period 1980-99, with the frequency of floods increasing by 134 %, storms by 40 %, and droughts by 29 %; __________________ 1a Global Temperature Report for 2022, January 2023
Amendment 76 #
Recital D b (new)
Db. whereas climate change is a main driver of environmental degradation, which has a negative impact on food and water security; whereas water scarcity, flooding and droughts are key risks in Europe and water shortages impact several sectors across the EU through cascading and spillover effects;
Amendment 77 #
Recital D c (new)
Dc. whereas climate-related risks to health, livelihoods, food security, water supply and economic growth are projected to be much higher with global warming of 2 °C; whereas limiting global warming to 1,5 °C compared to 2 °C is projected to reduce the impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and coastal ecosystems and to retain more of their services to humans; whereas it is therefore imperative to pursue efforts to limit the temperature rise to 1,5 °C above pre-industrial levels;
Amendment 78 #
Recital D d (new)
Dd. whereas the preamble to the Paris Agreement recognises the ‘importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including oceans’ and whereas Article 4(1)(d) of the UNFCCC stresses that the Parties thereto must promote sustainable management, and the conservation and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of all GHGs, including biomass, forests and oceans, as well as other terrestrial, coastal and marine ecosystems; whereas the IPBES global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services underlines that the sustainable use of nature will be vital for adapting to and mitigating dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system;
Amendment 79 #
Recital D e (new)
De. whereas the preservation of oceans is crucial for their role within the climate system, such as the uptake and redistribution of natural and anthropogenic CO2 and heat, as well as ecosystem support; whereas the IPCC 2019 Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate shows that since 1970 oceans have progressively warmed and absorbed more than 90 % of the excess heat in the climate system; whereas ocean warming is affecting coastal ecosystems, leading to intensified marine heatwaves, acidification, loss of oxygen, salinity intrusion and sea level rise;
Amendment 80 #
Recital D f (new)
Df. whereas the richest 1 % of the global population are set to generate per capita consumption emissions in 2030 that are still 30 times higher than the global per capita level, while the footprints of the poorest half of the world population are set to remain several times below that level1a; __________________ 1a Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) and Oxfam, ‘Carbon Inequality in 2030’, November 2021 https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/ bitstream/handle/10546/621305/bn- carbon-inequality-2030-051121-en.pdf
Amendment 81 #
Recital D g (new)
Dg. whereas most developing countries contribute minimally to GHG emissions in the atmosphere causing climate change; whereas climate change impacts in developing countries have increased; whereas the resources they can mobilise for adaptation action to address the negative effects of climate change and achieve climate resilience and sustainable development are clearly insufficient;
Amendment 82 #
Recital D h (new)
Dh. whereas the UNFCCC First Report on the Determination of the Needs of Developing Country Parties states that the costed needs of developing countries for implementing NDCs amount to between USD 5,8 and 5,9 trillion, of which USD 502 billion is identified as needs requiring international sources of finance;
Amendment 83 #
Recital E
E. whereas the climate and biodiversity crises are interlinked, exacerbate each other and should be urgently tackled together; whereas according to the UN the land and ocean absorb around half of the greenhouse gas emission produced by human activities, and one-third of the mitigation efforts needed in the next decade could be delivered just by conserving and restoring nature1a; whereas nature-based solutions offer cost-effective ways to tackle the inter-linked crises of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution; __________________ 1a UNEP: https://wedocs.unep.org/xmlui/bitstream/h andle/20.500.11822/35360/NatClim.pdf
Amendment 89 #
Recital F
F. whereas there are scientifically proven interlinkages between health, and the environmental and climate crises; whereas the European Climate and Health Observatory identifies serious health effects from heat, wildfires, flooding, vector-borne diseases, water and food-borne diseases, pollution, air pollution, UV radiation, Aero-allergens, ground-level ozone, mental health effects and occupational safety and health effects; whereas extreme weather events, biodiversity loss, land degradation and water scarcity are displacing people and having a dramatic impact on their health;
Amendment 96 #
Recital G
G. whereas the energy crisis has brought into focus the issue of energy security and the need for energy demand reduction and a diversified energy system; whereas the Russian military invasion of Ukraine has added urgency to the need to rapidly transform the global energy system; whereas the International Energy Agency (IEA) has been clear about the need for a “complete transformation of the global energy system”. stressing that net zero means huge declines in the use of coal, oil and gas;
Amendment 101 #
Recital H
H. whereas the Glasgow Climate Pact recognises the important role of non-Party stakeholders in contributing to progress towards the goals of the Paris Agreement; whereas the previous COP in Sharm el- Sheikh posed a particular barrier to public-participation;
Amendment 104 #
Recital H a (new)
Ha. whereas efforts to enhance efficiency and equity in the international funding system are now more necessary than ever; whereas overlapping crises have exposed an additional 120 million people to poverty over the past three years; whereas the transition towards a net-zero and biodiversity-positive world, in line with the 1.5° goal of the Paris Agreement and the Kunming-Montreal framework, requires a major transformation of economies and societies;
Amendment 108 #
Recital H a (new)
Ha. whereas public and private finance flows for fossil fuels remain higher than those for climate adaptation and mitigation1a; __________________ 1a IPCC summary for policymakers 2022
Amendment 112 #
Recital H b (new)
Hb. whereas Article 7 of the Paris Agreement establishes the Global Goal on Adaptation of enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change; whereas COP26 initiated a comprehensive two-year Glasgow–Sharm el-Sheikh work programme on the global goal on adaptation; whereas, according to the IPCC’s AR6 WGII on Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, we are already approaching the hard limits to adaptation;
Amendment 115 #
Recital H b (new)
Hb. whereas it is necessary to identify a series of priority actions to achieve the objective of building a more resilient financial system responsive to the shocks and challenges of the 21st century; whereas no country should ever have to choose between reducing poverty, achieving a green transition and preserving the planet;
Amendment 116 #
Recital H c (new)
Hc. whereas the adverse impacts of the climate crisis and related Loss & Damages are disproportionately affecting vulnerable and marginalised people and systems;
Amendment 117 #
Recital H d (new)
Hd. whereas developed countries have failed to mobilise USD 100 billion of climate finance per year by 2020 for climate action in developing countries;
Amendment 118 #
Recital H e (new)
Amendment 122 #
Paragraph 1
1. Takes note of the Glasgow Climate Pact and the limited progress made during COP27; stresses, however, that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C requires rapid, deep and sustained mitigation actions and that global greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by 43 % compared to 2019 levels in this critical decade before 2030; expresses regret at the failure of COP27 to ramp up ambition, particularly the low ambition of the Sharm el Sheikh implementation plan in relation to the phase out of fossil fuels;
Amendment 127 #
Paragraph 1 a (new)
1a. Calls on the Commission and Council to use all diplomatic channels prior to the conference to engage all Parties in scaling up their short-, medium-, and long-term climate policies and raising the ambition of their NDCs to a level compatible with the 1.5°C pathway;
Amendment 130 #
Paragraph 1 b (new)
1b. Expresses deep concern at the findings of the UNEP’s emissions gap report 2022, in particular that the window of opportunity is closing and the world is not on track to reach the Paris Agreement goals, with current projections foreseeing global temperatures reaching 2.8°C by the end of the century; is alarmed that emissions are still rising and the emissions gap is widening; stresses that limiting global warming to 1,5 °C requires rapid, deep and sustained reductions in global GHG emissions, including reducing global CO2 emissions by 45 % by 2030 compared to current GHG levels; calls attention to how the report underlines that a stepwise approach is no longer an option, and that there is a need for system-wide transformation; points also to how the report calls for reform of financial systems so that these urgent transformations can be adequately financed;
Amendment 139 #
Paragraph 3
3. Underlines that the first GST is a key process for enhancing the collective ambition of climate action and support and putting the collective ambition of the Parties on a 1.5°C pathway;
Amendment 149 #
Paragraph 5
5. Urges all Parties to the UNFCCC to increase their NDCs in order to urgently close the emissions gaps, and to close the implementation gaps by stepping up and improving policy implementation to achieve the statedall relevant commitments;
Amendment 155 #
Paragraph 5 a (new)
5a. Calls on the COP presidency and all Parties to aim to ensure that COP28 is as inclusive as possible; notes the particular challenge that running overtime for the final COP decision poses to the Least Developed Country delegates; calls for a conclusion of the COP by the final day of the programme;
Amendment 156 #
Paragraph 5 b (new)
5b. Highlights the necessity to bring the fossil fuel era to an end; stresses the imperative to reach an agreement in the COP final decision on a global phase out of fossil fuel consumption, without caveats; calls on all Parties to support the development of a fossil fuel non- proliferation treaty; notes that the G7 has recently agreed to accelerate "the phase- out of unabated fossil fuels so as to achieve net zero in energy systems by 2050 at the latest"; stresses that such a fossil fuel phase-out deal would need to be accompanied by commensurate climate finance for developing countries;
Amendment 163 #
Paragraph 6 a (new)
6a. Notes with serious concern the existing gap between current levels of adaptation and levels needed to respond to the adverse effect of climate change in line with findings from the contribution of Working Group II to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report; urges Parties to adopt a transformational approach to enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change; urges developed country Parties to urgently and significantly scale up their provision of climate finance, technology transfer and capacity-building for adaptation so as to respond to the needs of developing country Parties as part of a global effort, including for the formulation and implementation of national adaptation plans and adaptation communications; invites further contributions to the Least Developed Countries Fund and the Special Climate Change Fund;
Amendment 169 #
Paragraph 6 a (new)
6a. Underlines that, while climate change is a global problem, each region will be affected differently and that local level governance bodies, being closer to citizens, are frequently the most appropriate entities for developing mitigation and adaptation strategies to address the problem;
Amendment 171 #
Paragraph 6 b (new)
6b. Stresses that according to the IPCC’s AR6 WGII on Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, we are already approaching the hard limits to adaptation; stresses the importance of setting the Global Goal on Adaptation and for all parties to enhance adaptation action; calls on the countries that have no submitted Adaptation Communications or National Adaptation Plans to do so without delay; calls on all Parties to update their NDCs to include a robust adaptation component, with specific adaptation measures and associated quantified targets prior to COP28;
Amendment 177 #
Paragraph 6 c (new)
6c. Highlights the need to step up efforts to translate the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) into measurable outcomes that that should, inter alia, provide a thorough understanding of climate risks and associated adaptation needs and costs at multiple levels, increase the availability of consistent and comparable data, determine and enhance the provision and accessibility of means of implementation including finance and technology support needs to achieve the goal and develop and use of a common set of quantitative and qualitative metrics, methodologies and approaches to track progress towards achieving the goal over time;
Amendment 182 #
Paragraph 6 d (new)
6d. Notes that financial support for mitigation remains greater than support for adaptation; points out that in 2019 mitigation represented two-thirds of total climate finance provided and mobilised by developed countries (USD 50.8 billion), while adaptation finance only reached $20.1 billion and cross-cutting mitigation and adaptation USD 8.7 billion;1a strongly supports the call for developed nations to at least double their collective provision of adaptation finance from 2019 levels by 2025, in line with the Glasgow Climate Pact, moreover emphasises that even this would not reach a balance in adaptation finance, highlighting the importance of grants-based adaptation finance; __________________ 1a 5a OECD, 'Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised: Aggregate Trends Update with 2019 data', 2019 https://www.oecd- ilibrary.org/finance-and- investment/climate-finance-provided-and- mobilised-by-developed-countries- aggregate-trends-updated-with-2019- data_03590fb7-en;jsessionid=6- b65RK7xuEaw-0k4ql8yAP4-uUu9qfJ- YcR7X7r.ip-10-240-5-110
Amendment 185 #
Paragraph 6 e (new)
6e. Reiterates that adaptation action is an unavoidable necessity for all countries if they are to minimise the negative effects of the climate and biodiversity crises and achieve climate resilience and sustainable development, noting the particular vulnerabilities to climate change impacts of developing countries; calls on the EU and the Member States to step up adaptation action and to engage local authorities and local civil society and ensure that EU adaptation policies sufficiently protect communities and ecosystems from the effects of climate change; stresses the importance of the new EU Adaptation Strategy and its linkages with the EU Biodiversity Strategy and the new regulatory framework on adaptation stemming from the European Climate Law, and reiterates calls for their ambitious implementation, including of their international components;
Amendment 186 #
Paragraph 6 f (new)
6f. Stresses that climate change and environmental degradation are major drivers of human displacement and threat multipliers; calls on historical emitters to help developing countries adapt to climate inter alia through grants-based financing and technical support; stresses that insufficient adaptation capacities can lead to armed conflicts, food shortages, natural catastrophes and climate-induced displacement; expresses its support for the WIM Task Force on Displacement, and expects COP27 to give more attention to climate-induced displacement; calls the Commission and the Member States to recognize the needs and vulnerability of people affected by climate displacement and strengthen protection and step up efforts to find solutions;
Amendment 187 #
Paragraph 6 g (new)
6g. Stresses that early warning systems are critical to effective adaptation but are only available to less than half of WMO members’; supports the WMO's proposal to make early warning systems reach everyone in the next five years hopes that this Early Warning Services initiative will be implemented rapidly particularly with the aim of saving as many lives as soon as possible;
Amendment 188 #
Paragraph 6 h (new)
6h. Emphasises that green infrastructure and greening urban areas contributes significantly to climate adaptation and resilience; notes that its development is among the most effective climate adaptation measures that can be taken in cities, as it mitigates the negative impacts of climate change and increasingly frequent extreme weather phenomena, such as heatwaves, forest fires, extreme rainfall, flooding and drought, evens out extreme temperatures, and improves the quality of life of EU residents living in urban areas;
Amendment 189 #
Paragraph 6 i (new)
6i. Emphasises the importance of protecting, conserving and restoring water and water-related ecosystems, including river basins, aquifers and lakes, and urges Parties to further integrate water into adaptation efforts; stresses the particular challenge in Europe, with water stress becoming a major and growing concern;1a underscores that droughts and water scarcity are no longer rare or extreme events in Europe, and about 20 % of the European territory and 30 % of Europeans are affected by water stress during an average year according to the EEA; __________________ 1a EEA report ‘Water resources across Europe — confronting water stress: an updated assessment’ Publication
Amendment 190 #
Paragraph 6 j (new)
6j. Underlines the importance of an adequate and effective response to loss and damage and the urgency in operationalising the new Loss and Damage fund; notes that Article 8 of the Paris Agreement (on loss and damage) states that the Parties should take a cooperative approach to loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change; highlights, therefore, the importance of supportive global action in areas especially vulnerable to climate change impacts, such as coastal areas and islands, and where adaptive capacity is limited; recognises that these are essential components of global climate justice; calls on the Commission and the Member States to continue to act as bridge- builders between developed, developing and least developed countries;
Amendment 193 #
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Strongly welcomes the adoption of the decisions at COP27 on matters relating to funding arrangements responding to loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change; considers this to be an historic agreement, and acknowledges the role of the EU delegates in their role in this important bridge-building; stresses the necessity for the funding arrangements to be adequate; calls on the nations' most responsible for the climate crisis to contribute in a manner that is equitable to the fund;
Amendment 198 #
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7a. Calls on the UNFCCC and the UAE authorities to ensure equitable access, full and unrestricted participation of all citizens and civil society organisations in COP28; denounces the barriers to participation from previous COPs;
Amendment 199 #
Paragraph 7 b (new)
7b. Reiterates its call for loss and damage to be a standing agenda item for future COPs, so that there is clear negotiating space to monitor and make progress on this issue, and for the full operationalisation of the Santiago Network in order to effectively catalyse technical assistance for adequately addressing loss and damage;
Amendment 201 #
Paragraph 7 b (new)
7b. Stresses that the Glasgow Climate Pact recognises the important role of non- Party stakeholders, including civil society, indigenous people, local communities, youth, children, local and regional governments and other stakeholders, in contributing to progress towards the objective of the Convention and the goals of the Paris Agreement;
Amendment 202 #
Paragraph 7 c (new)
7c. Notes that the work of the transitional committee on loss and damage is already underway; insists on an inclusive, transparent, and efficient process, which centres the voices of the most vulnerable countries; calls for a clear definition for Loss and Damage and a methodology for estimating it, informed by science and the needs of communities; strongly believes that loss and Damage funding must be grant-based, and additional to and distinct from humanitarian aid; calls for an outcome at COP28 that gives clear recommendations for the new funds structure, governance and funding arrangements (who will pay in and who will be eligible);
Amendment 204 #
Paragraph 7 c (new)
7c. Reiterates its condemnation in the strongest terms of the Egyptian authorities’ censorship, harassment and intimidation of representatives of Egypt’s civil society, which has taken place even on international UN premises, as well as the new wave of arrests and detentions in the context of COP271a;strongly believes that COP27 in Egypt should be the last COP characterised by censorship, harassment, intimidation, and unjustified arrests and detentions; strongly supports the call by UN experts for the UNFCCC Secretariat to develop human rights criteria that countries hosting future COPs must commit to meeting as part of the host agreement; __________________ 1a Human rights situation in Egypt resolution December 2022
Amendment 205 #
Paragraph 7 d (new)
7d. Stresses the powerful role of youth mobilisations in driving climate ambition in their relevant jurisdictions; commends and expresses its solidarity with those seeking to raise awareness about the climate crisis and campaigning for meaningful action;
Amendment 206 #
Paragraph 7 e (new)
7e. Recalls the importance of the full involvement of all Parties in the UNFCCC decision-making processes; stresses that the current decision-making process under the UNFCCC could be improved to better allow for the full participation of developing countries and least developed country (LDC) delegates and civil society representatives; considers it essential for the perspectives of countries suffering most from climate change to be heard and acted on; calls therefore on the COP28 presidency and future presidencies to explore additional ways to ensure effective and meaningful participation of developing countries and to allocate additional resources to this;
Amendment 207 #
Subheading 4
Amendment 210 #
Paragraph 8
8. Calls on the UNFCCC and the authorities of the United Arab Emirates to ensure equitable access to COP 28 and full and unrestricted participation in COP28 for all citizens and civil society organisations; denounces the barriers to participation from previous COPs;
Amendment 212 #
Paragraph 8 a (new)
8a. Recalls that, according to the sixth assessment report of the IPCC, indigenous, local and traditional forms of knowledge are a major resource for the sustainable management of natural resources, the conservation of biodiversity and adaptation to climate change; stresses the need to strengthen their community rights on land and resources in order to mitigate climate change, as set out in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and ILO Convention 169, and to comply with the principle of free, prior and informed consent; calls on the Parties to ensure that commitments made at COP28 to implement the Paris Agreement align with existing international human rights obligations and standards;
Amendment 216 #
Paragraph 8 b (new)
8b. Stresses the imperative to protect the dignity, privacy and security of all participants; calls for strong measures by the UNFCCC and host countries to protect delegates and participants from harassment and intimidation at COP28 and future COPs; calls for host country agreements to be made publicly available for transparency reasons to ensure that there are measures to protect delegates from all forms of harassment;
Amendment 217 #
Paragraph 8 c (new)
8c. Considers it vital that Global South voices, including governments and civil society, are not side-lined and have meaningful opportunities to participate fully and influence; considers it essential that perspectives of countries most suffering from climate change must be heard and acted upon;
Amendment 219 #
Paragraph 9
9. Calls for the UNFCCC decision- making process to be protected from interests that run counter to the goals of the Paris Agreement; strongly endorses the idea that all companies participating in COPs be required to submit an audited corporate political influencing statement to the UNFCCC secretariat, made public on the UNFCCC website; considers that this statement should disclose all climate- related lobbying, campaign contributions, and funding of trade associations and organisations active on energy and climate issues; considers that these statements should be reviewed, publicly disclosed, and scrutinized prior to any engagement in UNFCCC climate policymaking processes;
Amendment 226 #
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9a. Stresses the need for additional measures to establish a robust accountability framework to protect against undue influence of corporate actors with proven vested interests that contradict the goals of the Paris Agreement; stresses that such reforms would bring much-needed transparency to corporate climate-related political influencing activities and would help restore faith in the COP process;
Amendment 228 #
Paragraph 9 b (new)
9b. Considers that as a prerequisite for meaningful action at the UNFCCC, the decision-making process must be made free from fossil fuel interests; expresses concern at the fact that at COP27, more than 630 fossil fuel lobbyists were accredited attendees, constituting an increase of more than 25% over the previous year; Points to how the fossil fuel sector has poured $160 billion into exploration for new fossil reserves since 2020, despite the IEA clearly stating that no new fossil fuel projects are compatible with limiting warming to 1.5°C; underlines that the global oil and gas industry is reaching record profits, with $4 trillion in 2022;
Amendment 230 #
Paragraph 9 c (new)
Amendment 231 #
Paragraph 9 d (new)
9d. calls for the UAE presidency to be entirely disassociated from the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc);
Amendment 232 #
Paragraph 9 e (new)
9e. Highlights that the UAE is currently undertaking one of the largest expansions of oil and gas extraction in the world and planning for a significant increase in fossil fuel production and consumption, which is inconsistent with a 1.5°C scenario; notes that the UAE has set a net zero target for 2050 and a new NDC of 31% emissions reduction target below business as usual scenario in 2030, yet its policy actions are highly insufficient to reach these objectives; acknowledges that the UAE intends to become the first Middle Eastern and Gulf country to reach net zero, though stresses that the UAE’s net zero target lacks information on scope and transparency; considers the UAE’s Energy Strategy 2050 to be totally out of line its net-zero commitment; urges the UAE to submit a long-term strategy to the UNFCCC, as foreseen in the Paris Agreement;
Amendment 233 #
Paragraph 9 f (new)
9f. Reiterates its strong support for the call by UN experts for the UNFCCC Secretariat to develop human rights criteria that countries hosting future COPs must commit to meeting as part of the host agreement;
Amendment 234 #
Paragraph 9 g (new)
9g. Stresses the importance of the whole-of-society and people-focused approach of the European Green Deal, and thus stresses the imperative to deliver on all of its promised actions; believes that the European Green Deal as a whole must be implemented in order to effectively overcome the challenges the EU is facing; calls on the Commission to deliver on all elements of the European Green Deal without delay;
Amendment 238 #
Paragraph 10
10. Stresses that the current geopolitical situation highlights the urgency of cutting dependence on fossil fuels and the need to boost the deployment of renewables; underlines that increased renewable energy sources will help the EU transition towards a prosperous, sustainable, climate-compatible and independent economy; urges all actors to accelerate the energy transition;
Amendment 242 #
Paragraph 10 a (new)
10a. Points to how both the European Commission and the European Parliament want the EU and EU Member States to leave the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT), notably because of its potential to obstruct the transition to renewable energy and its regulatory chill effect; commends the Member States that have already announced their exit from the Treaty; regrets that a number of EU Member States are still blocking the EU’s withdrawal and calls on them to reconsider their position; points to the benefits of a coordinated EU-level withdrawal in neutralising the ‘sunset clause’, which could otherwise see lawsuits for another 20 years after a Party has left the ECT;
Amendment 246 #
Paragraph 10 b (new)
Amendment 253 #
Paragraph 11
11. Calls for Union-wide post-2030 intermediate climate targets to be set, in accordance with the European Climate Law, and for the corresponding legislative proposals to contribute to achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement; takes note of the work of the European Scientific Advisory Board on Climate Change and its recommendation that the EU boost its emission reductions of 90-95% by 2040 relative to 1990, grounded on a science- based assessment addressing both fairness and feasibility;
Amendment 265 #
Paragraph 11 a (new)
11a. Welcomes the adoption of key pieces of legislation for delivery on the EU’s 2030 climate targets; calls on all relevant actors to swiftly implement their provisions;
Amendment 288 #
Paragraph 12
12. Highlights the fact that the EU and its Member States are the largest providers of public climate finance; recognises the importance of climate finance for successful climate actions, particularly as many developing countries have conditional NDCs, the achievement of which depends on sufficient financial support; welcomes, therefore, that by 2025, a new collective quantified goal on climate finance will be set which should go well beyond the 2020 USD 100 billion annual goal and take into account the needs and priorities of developing countries for additional and adequate climate finance; is of the view that stand- alone targets for mitigation, adaptation and loss and damage should be explored as part of this new collective quantified goal on climate finance; underlines that future climate finance goals should take account of the needs of developing countries, as well as the Paris Agreement’s equity principle, in determining Parties’ contributions; stresses, in this regard, the need to clearly prioritise grants-based climate finance to ensure that climate finance does not contribute to unsustainable debt levels in developing countries; reiterates its call for a dedicated EU public finance mechanism that provides additional and adequate support towards delivering the EU’s fair share of international climate finance goals;
Amendment 291 #
Paragraph 12 a (new)
12a. Stresses the need for the UNFCCC to have steady and predictable funding in order to deliver on its mandated activities; notes that at the Bonn pre-COP the UNFCCC did not receive a budget for 2024-2025 commensurate with its estimated needs; stresses that relying on voluntary funding in the form of extra ad- hoc contributions leaves the UNFCCC susceptible to politicization from bigger and wealthier countries that can wield more power; stresses that as the climate crisis worsens, the UNFCCC will become increasingly important and will need the commensurate budget to fulfil its mandate;
Amendment 296 #
Paragraph 12 b (new)
12b. Calls for the post-2025 target for climate finance to ensure that the needs of the most vulnerable countries are met, in particular by increasing resources for dedicated and quantitative sub-goals, including a sub-goal for adaptation finance, in line with Article 9.4 of the Paris Agreement, a sub-goal for mitigation finance, including ecosystem- based measures, a sub-goal for loss and damage finance and grants-based finance, and qualitative goals, such as meaningful, inclusive and participatory adaptation planning and implementation, and removal of barriers to accessing available finance; believes that future finance goals should take account of the needs of developing countries, as well as the Paris Agreement’s equity principle, in determining EU contributions; recognises the importance of scaling up the mobilisation of resources to support efforts to avert, minimise and address loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change in particularly vulnerable countries;
Amendment 297 #
Paragraph 13
13. Is concerned about the growing gap between the needs of developing country Parties and the current scale, sufficiency and accessibility of climate finance; points to the growing finance gap, particularly for adaptation; stresses that financing from the developed countries responsible for a large share of historical emissions will also be crucial to build trust for a more ambitious dialogue on climate mitigation targets;
Amendment 303 #
Paragraph 14
14. Calls for developed country Parties, including the EU and its Member States, to ensure that the USD 100 billion climate finance goal can be met and disbursed on average between 2020 and 2025, and to further detail the way forward for the new post-2025 climate finance goal; regrets that the 100 billion goal was still not met in 2022; stresses that the failure to deliver the climate finance commitment of $100 billion per year by 2020 made by developed countries at successive COPs has eroded trust;
Amendment 307 #
Paragraph 15
15. Considers it essential to advance the Bridgetown Agenda and to make the international financial system fit for the 21st century; calls for all major international financial institutions to swiftly adopt and develop green finance in line with a 1.5 scenario; acknowledges the Summit for a New Global Financing Pact organised by President Macron and Prime Minister Mottley, which had to aim to address key issues, including reform of multilateral development banks with the goal of "addressing the climate change and the global crisis"; calls for further international efforts to advance the Bridgetown agenda without delay to ensure appropriate access to climate finance for developing countries;
Amendment 312 #
Paragraph 15 a (new)
Amendment 314 #
Paragraph 15 b (new)
15b. Underscores that the debt crisis undermines climate action in developing countries, particularly by way of high borrowing costs and debt service payments; stresses that the World Bank estimates that 61 developing countries face debt distress;1a considers it necessary to have solutions that tackle the climate and debt crises together, such as natural disaster clauses in sovereign-bond contracts with private investors or public lenders, leading to an automatic suspension of debt repayments for two years in the event of an environmental catastrophe, such as floods, hurricanes or pandemics; underscores the need to explore the use debt relief; _________________ 1a https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press -release/2022/12/06/debt-service- payments-put-biggest-squeeze-on-poor- countries-since-2000
Amendment 317 #
Paragraph 15 c (new)
15c. Recalls how debt can hamper reconstruction efforts in the wake of natural disasters; points for example to how Pakistan in the wake of the 2022 floods saw 50 % of its annual revenue go to foreign creditors;
Amendment 318 #
Paragraph 15 d (new)
15d. Stresses that developing countries are in great fiscal need and require investments to transition their energy systems and undertake effective climate mitigation and adaptation efforts; stresses the potential of using Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) for establishing a trust for low-interest loans for developing countries, which could contribute to providing the necessary climate finance;
Amendment 322 #
Paragraph 16 a (new)
Amendment 325 #
Paragraph 16 b (new)
16b. Calls on the Parties to engage in discussions and undertake the necessary measures to alleviate the debt burden of developing countries, inter alia through debt renegotiation and restructuring and debt-for-climate swaps to foster resilience;
Amendment 326 #
Paragraph 17
17. Reiterates the need to urgently end fossil fuel subsidies and other environmentally harmful subsidies in the EU and worldwide; regrets that fossil energy subsidies in the Union have remained stable since 2008 totalling around EUR 55-58 billion per year, corresponding to around one third of all energy subsidies in the Union, and that currently 15 Member States subsidise fossil fuels more than renewable energy; believes that fossil fuel subsidies undermine the goals of the European Green Deal and the obligations of the Paris Agreement; believes that it is critical to provide more consistent price signals across energy sectors and the Member States, and to avoid external costs from being internalised; calls on the Member States and the other Parties to COP28 to prioritise investments in green energy and infrastructure and to phase out direct and indirect fossil fuel subsidies;
Amendment 335 #
Paragraph 17 a (new)
17a. Underlines that to cope with the global challenge posed by climate change, there is a need for greatly increased investment and climate finance flows - both public and private - on a global scale; stresses that this finance must be easily accessible to all countries, especially for LDCs and SIDS, where possible through direct access modalities;
Amendment 347 #
Paragraph 18
18. EUnderscores the indivisibility of the climate and biodiversity crises; emphasises the importance of protecting, conserving and restoring biodiversity, ecosystems, soils and oceans to achieve the objectives of the Paris Agreement; firmly believes that the goals of the Paris Agreement cannot be met without restoring nature, including in the Union;
Amendment 355 #
Paragraph 18 a (new)
18a. Stresses that the IPCC 6th Assessment Report calls for the implementation of urgent actions for the restoration of degraded ecosystems, to mitigate the impacts of climate change, notably by restoring degraded wetlands and rivers, forests and agricultural ecosystems; notes that the same report underlines that climate change and biodiversity loss are the biggest long term threats to food security in the EU;
Amendment 365 #
Paragraph 19
19. Stresses the need to protect indigenous rights and environmental defenders; stresses the central role of indigenous communities in climate action, implementation, data collection, decision- making, and knowledge-sharing; firmly believes in the need for a just transition that centres indigenous people and their rights; stresses the need to secure the right to free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC); underlines the invaluable contribution of indigenous and local knowledge (ILK), confirmed by the IPCC;
Amendment 368 #
Paragraph 19 a (new)
19a. Points to the contradiction of calling on other Parties to stop the destruction of their natural environments while Europe sits on a legacy of environmental destruction for economic development; considers a fundamental step in restoring our international credibility to be that of restoring our natural environment; calls on the Member States to implement ambitious nature restoration measures in their territories;
Amendment 370 #
Paragraph 19 b (new)
19b. Stresses the interlinkages between the EU Biodiversity Strategy and the EU Climate Adaptation Strategy; stresses that implementing nature-based solutions on a larger scale would increase climate resilience and contribute to multiple Green Deal objectives; calls for more investments in nature-based solutions to generate gains for adaptation, mitigation, disaster risk reduction, biodiversity, and health;
Amendment 371 #
Paragraph 20
20. Stresses the importance of effectively implongly welcomes the agreementing on the Kunming- Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which was adopted during the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity; stresses the importance of effectively and fully implementing the Kunming- Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework in order for it to be a success; recalls the failure in achieving the Aichi targets, due largely to lack of implementation;
Amendment 374 #
Paragraph 20 a (new)
20a. Highlights that climate change is one of the direct drivers of biodiversity loss; recalls the landmark State and Outlook of the European Environment Report 2020, which finds that the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems are expected to intensify, while activities such as agriculture, fisheries, transport, industry and energy production continue to cause biodiversity loss, resource extraction and harmful emissions; recalls target 8 of the Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Framework, to minimize the impact of climate change and ocean acidification on biodiversity and increase its resilience through mitigation, adaptation, and disaster risk reduction actions, including through nature-based solutions and/or ecosystem-based approaches, while minimizing negative and fostering positive impacts of climate action on biodiversity;
Amendment 377 #
Paragraph 20 b (new)
20b. Points to how climate change has already altered marine, terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems all around the world, causing species losses and declines in key ecosystem services; recognises that these climate-driven impacts on ecosystems have caused measurable economic and livelihood losses around the world;
Amendment 378 #
Paragraph 20 c (new)
20c. Highlights that the latest IPCC report demonstrated that reducing the destruction of forests and other ecosystems, restoring them, and improving the management of working lands, such as farms — are among the top five most effective strategies for mitigating carbon emissions by 2030;
Amendment 379 #
Paragraph 20 d (new)
20d. Stresses the complementarity between the roll-out of renewable energy and nature restoration; stresses that the environmental transition should be carried out with the least environmental cost, and that synergies between renewable energy and nature restoration should be maximised; underlines the support of the renewable energy industry in the EU for a nature-positive roll-out of renewable energy infrastructure;
Amendment 380 #
Paragraph 21
21. CStrongly welcomes the adoption of the historic High Seas Treaty (BBNJ), which is guided by an approach that builds ecosystem resilience, including to adverse effects of climate change and ocean acidification, and also maintains and restores ecosystem integrity, including the carbon cycling services that underpin the ocean's role in cliamte;1a Stresses the powerful role of a healthy ocean in regulating the global climate; calls on the Parties to continue work on the Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue; _________________ 1a Article 5.1.g of High Seas Treaty
Amendment 383 #
Paragraph 21 a (new)
21a. Stresses that plastic pollution accelerates the climate crisis throughout its lifecycles and thus must be urgently addressed at all levels; strongly supports the international efforts to agree on a Global Plastics Treaty; points to how the global plastics sector is responsible for 6% of global oil consumption, and is expected to reach 20% by 2050;1a points to the energy-intensive processes required to extract and distil oil and produce plastic; underlines that discarded plastic waste generates GHG emissions, notably methane and ethylene when exposed to solar radiation in air and water; stresses that plastic pollution in the ocean interferes with its ability to sequester carbon; _________________ 1a https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Th e_New_Plastics_Economy.pdf
Amendment 385 #
Paragraph 21 a (new)
21a. Underlines that according to the UNEP emissions gap report, methane and nitrous oxide emissions remained steady from 2019 to 2021, and fluorinated gases continued to surge; calls for more attention at the upcoming COP and future COPs to be given to mitigation of non- CO2 greenhouse gases; Points to how the Glasgow Climate Pact overlooks these major contributors to global heating;
Amendment 386 #
Paragraph 21 b (new)
21b. Calls attention to the huge potential of peatlands as a climate solution, being either part of the problem or being a key element of the solution; underlines that globally we lose 500,000 hectares of peatlands a year, while already drained and degraded peatlands contribute around 4% of annual global human-induced emissions;1a highlights that despite only covering 3-4% of the world’s land surface area, peatlands are responsible for storing nearly one-third of the world's soil carbon - over twice that of all the world's forests combined; calls on all Parties with peatlands to include specific targets on restoring peatlands in their NDCs; calls for efforts globally and within the EU to swiftly restore peatlands, so that they can be a sink rather than a source; _________________ 1a https://www.unep.org/news-and- stories/press-release/global-assessment- reveals-huge-potential-peatlands-climate- solution
Amendment 390 #
Subheading 8 a (new)
Methane and other non-CO2 greenhouse gases;
Amendment 391 #
Paragraph 22
22. CWelcomes that 122 Parties have become signatories to the Global Methane Pledge; calls for a quantified, science- based assessment of the progress made since the adoption of the Global Methane Pledge at COP26, the Pledge’s participants having agreed to voluntarily contribute to a collective effort to reduce global methane emissions by at least 30 % percent from 2020 levels by 2030; reiterates its call on all Parties to urgently take action against methane emissions, and urges all signatories to ensure they reduce methane emissions within their territories by at least 30 % by 2030 and to adopt national measures to achieve this aim; strongly urges in particular the large methane- emitting Parties that have not joined the pledge to do so as soon as possible;
Amendment 394 #
Paragraph 22 a (new)
Amendment 398 #
Paragraph 22 b (new)
22b. Recalls its resolution on An EU strategy to reduce methane emissions and its various calls to address methane emissions from all sources in the Union; notes that while action has been taken at EU level to address methane emissions from the energy sector, there is much to do in particular to address methane emissions from the agriculture sector and the waste sector; calls for dedicated legislative proposals within this mandate to address methane emissions in these two sectors;
Amendment 400 #
Paragraph 22 c (new)
Amendment 402 #
Paragraph 22 d (new)
22d. Acknowledges that the UN has noted that methane emissions have caused approximately 30% of global warming to date, and cutting them is the quickest way to slow global warming; acknowledges also that the agriculture and livestock sector emits 145Mt of methane a year, making it the largest and most significant sector for methane emissions; notes that no Parties have set any quantified targets to address methane emissions from livestock production; calls on the FAO to produce a Global Roadmap to 2050 for Food and Agriculture; points to how such a roadmap could be used by Parties to establish ambitious and feasible strategies and targets for the AFOLU sector and strengthen NDC commitments; calls on all Parties to also include specific methane reduction targets in their NDCs;
Amendment 403 #
Paragraph 23
23. Highlights the inclusion of maritime and aviation emissions in the EU emissions trading system, which will foster greater ambition at international level, including in the International Maritime Organization and the International Civil Aviation Organization; is concerned by the slow progress achieved in the IMO and the ICAO in addressing emissions from international shipping and aviation; calls on the IMO to update its GHG strategy and its emissions reduction target, and to adopt concrete measures; urges the IMO, however, to move forward rapidly in adopting targets and measures in the short and medium term that are aligned with the goals of the Paris Agreement;
Amendment 407 #
Paragraph 23 a (new)
23a. Reiterates its support of the Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance (BOGA), which was launched at COP26, and stresses the imperative of its objective to limit the supply of fossil fuels and set an end for oil and gas production; recalls that fossil fuels are the largest contributor to climate change, responsible for over 75 % of all GHGs and that current plans would lead to the production of around 240 % more coal, 57 % more oil, and 71 % more gas than would be consistent with limiting global warming to 1,5° C; supports a socially just and equitable global transition to align oil and gas production with the objectives of the Paris Agreement; calls on all Member States and other Parties to the Paris Agreement to join this initiative;
Amendment 416 #
Paragraph 23 b (new)
23b. Notes that inclusion of disaggregated military emissions in UNFCCC submissions is voluntary and it is not currently possible to define reported military GHG emissions from the submitted UNFCCC data; supports introducing disaggregated compulsory reporting of military emissions to the UNFCCC; calls on the Member States to lead by example by publishing national data on the GHG emissions of their militaries and military technology industries as standard practice;
Amendment 423 #
Paragraph 23 c (new)
23c. Points to the disproportionate climate impact of the use of private jets, with one single private jet able to emit two metric tonnes of CO2 in just one hour;1a underlines the importance of leaders leading by example, and thus regrets that some world leaders and delegates travelled to COP27 by private jet, including the president of the Council; urges all participants at COP27, including from EU institutions, to choose the least polluting mode of transport to get to their destination; notes with concern that private jet use in Europe is estimated to have increased by 30 % compared to pre- pandemic level1b, and thus calls on the Member States to take measures to curtail the use of private jets in their territories without delay; _________________ 1a Transport & Environment, ‘Private jets: can the super-rich supercharge zero- emission aviation?’, April 2021. 1b idem
Amendment 428 #
Paragraph 23 d (new)
23d. Stresses that climate change and environmental degradation are major drivers of human displacement and threat multipliers; calls on historical emitters to help developing countries adapt to climate inter alia through grants-based financing and technical support; stresses that insufficient adaptation capacities can lead to armed conflicts, food shortages, natural catastrophes and climate-induced displacement; expresses its support for the WIM Task Force on Displacement, and expects COP27 to give more attention to climate-induced displacement; calls the Commission and the Member States to recognize the needs and vulnerability of people affected by climate displacement and strengthen protection and step up efforts to find solutions;
Amendment 430 #
Paragraph 23 e (new)
23e. Highlights the devastating environmental, social and economic impacts of desertification and the need for common approaches to properly prevent and adapt to this phenomenon and overcome it; underlines, therefore, the importance of water availability for climate change mitigation and adaptation, since in addition to allowing the growth of plants that capture and retain carbon, water in the soil enhances the life of microorganisms, increasing the content of organic matter in the soil and, inherently, leads to greater carbon retention capacity in the soil; stresses the need to pay close attention to water management in the context of adaptation; stresses the need for speedy and full implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive in order to achieve its objectives and better manage this resource;
Amendment 433 #
Paragraph 23 f (new)
Amendment 436 #
Paragraph 23 g (new)
23g. Reiterates its support for the creation of a global platform for assessing the environmental damage caused during armed conflicts - an initiative of the Ukrainian government; calls on the Commission to explore this idea and to elaborate a proposal ahead of COP28 for such an international platform; stresses the need for more attention to be given to the environmental and climate impacts of armed conflicts;
Amendment 437 #
Paragraph 23 h (new)
23h. reiterates the need to urgently end fossil fuel subsidies and other environmentally harmful subsidies in the EU and worldwide; reminds the Commission and the Member States of their obligations under the 8th Environmental Action Programme to set a deadline for the phasing out of fossil fuel subsidies consistent with the ambition of limiting global warming to 1,5 °C, as well as to develop a binding Union framework to monitor and report on Member States’ progress towards phasing out fossil fuel subsidies based on an agreed methodology; calls on the Commission and all Member States to implement concrete policies, timelines and measures to phase out all direct and indirect fossil fuel subsidies as soon as possible, and by 2025 at the very latest;
Amendment 443 #
Paragraph 24 a (new)
24a. Believes that the transformation towards a sustainable society has to be done in an inclusive, fair and equal manner, and that the gender balance and the empowerment of women and girls are key to that transformation; emphasises the need for more effective gender mainstreaming throughout all relevant targets and goals; reiterates its call on the Commission to design a concrete action plan to deliver on the commitments of the renewed Gender Action Plan agreed at the 25th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP 25) and to create a permanent EU gender and climate change focal point, with sufficient budgetary resources, to implement and monitor gender-responsible climate action in the EU and globally; believes this could set an example for other Parties to adopt similar measures;
Amendment 449 #
Paragraph 24 b (new)
24b. Reiterates its call on the EU and its Member States to ensure gender-just national climate action plans by more strongly integrating gender equality into their revised NDCs, and the meaningful involvement of women’s groups in their design and implementation;
Amendment 450 #
Paragraph 24 c (new)
24c. Underlines that disaster risk and gender inequality are interwoven challenges; stresses the need to accelerate action for gender-responsive disaster risk reduction, and thus a gender-responsive implementation of the Sendai Framework; calls for further efforts to prioritise and account for gender in disaster preparedness, particularly with disaggregated disaster risk reduction (DRR) data sets;
Amendment 452 #
Paragraph 24 d (new)
24d. Considers that women’s access to inclusive climate finance must be increased and enabled; highlights how gender-responsive climate financing is critical to a just transition; stresses that a gender perspective needs to be taken into account when developing resource mobilization strategies, applying climate finance instruments, and ensuring equal participation in the deployment of financial resources, particularly at the local level; calls for the GCF, the Global Environment Facility (GEF), Adaptation Fund, and the Sustainable Impact Fund (SIF), to develop better strategies to reach local-level actors who lead climate adaptation solutions;
Amendment 455 #
Paragraph 24 e (new)
24e. Stresses the importance of the new Loss and Damage Fund being a gender- sensitive and transformative platform for inclusive and just climate action; believes that women should be centrally engaged in the design, management, and disbursement of the new Fund and it must be responsive to specific losses suffered by women;
Amendment 456 #
Paragraph 24 f (new)
24f. Supports women’s parity in COP delegations and leadership at all levels of climate action; regrets that at COP27, women made up less than 34% of country negotiating teams at COP27, and some Party delegations were made up of as much as 90% men; notes that out of 110 world leaders who attended COP27, only 7 were women; calls on all parties to aim for gender parity in their delegations and at all levels of climate change decision- making and negotiations and nominate a National Gender and Climate Change Focal Point;
Amendment 457 #
Subheading 10
Role of the European Parliament at COP28;
Amendment 459 #
Paragraph 25
25. Believes that it should be an integral part of the EU delegation at COP28, given that it must give its consent to international agreements and plays a central role in the domestic implementation of the Paris Agreement as one of the EU’s co-legislators; commits to act independently and free from conflicts of interests; expects, therefore, to be allowed to attend EU coordination meetings at COP28 in Dubai and to be guaranteed access to all preparatory documents;