Activities of Axel VOSS related to 2016/2225(INI)
Legal basis opinions (0)
Amendments (33)
Amendment 4 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 3 a (new)
Citation 3 a (new)
- having regard to the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions ' A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe' of 6 May 2015 COM(2015)192 final;
Amendment 5 #
Motion for a resolution
Citation 6 a (new)
Citation 6 a (new)
- having regard to Opinion 8/2016 of the European Data Protection Supervisor of 23 September 2016 entitled ' EDPS Opinion on coherent enforcement of fundamental rights in the age of big data',
Amendment 10 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital A
Recital A
A. whereas big data refers to the recurring accumulationcollection and analysis of large amounts of data, including personal data, and flows of information from a variety of sources, which are subject to automatic processing by computer algorithms and advanced data-processing techniques in order to generate certain correlations, conclusions, trends and patterns (big data analytics);
Amendment 19 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital C
Recital C
C. whereas corporations, governmentcompanies, governments, political leaders and organisations have taken advantage of such data sets and big data analytics to foster competitiveness, innovation, market prediction, political campaigns, targeted advertising, scientific research and policy making in the field of transportation, political elections and outcomes, ,‘smart cities’, law enforcement, transparency, public health and disaster response;
Amendment 25 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D
Recital D
D. whereas big data has the potential to bring undeniable benefits and opportunities for citizens, businesses and governments, but also entails significant risks, namely with regard to the protection of fundamental rights as guaranteed by the EU Charter and Union law as well as risks to data security and privacy;
Amendment 33 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D a (new)
Recital D a (new)
D a. whereas the Commission's Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe recognise the potential of data-driven technologies, services and big data as catalyst for economic growth, innovation and digitalisation in the EU;
Amendment 35 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D b (new)
Recital D b (new)
D b. whereas the big data sector is growing by 40% per year, seven times faster than the IT market;
Amendment 36 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D c (new)
Recital D c (new)
D c. whereas big data has a huge unrealised potential as a driver of productivity and as a way of offering better products and services to citizens;
Amendment 37 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital D d (new)
Recital D d (new)
D d. whereas big data can increase the operational efficiency and targeting of service delivery in the public sector;
Amendment 38 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital E
Recital E
Amendment 51 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital F
Recital F
F. whereas biased algorithms and other analytical tools, lowa differentiation between data qualntity ofand data, spurious correlations, errors, the underestimation of legal, social and ethical implication quality is necessary in order to allow the effective use of big data (algorithms and othe marginalisation of the role of humans in these processes can trigger flawed decision-making procedurer analytic tools), which has the potential to transform economies, delivering a new wave of productivity and consumer surplus;
Amendment 57 #
Motion for a resolution
Recital G
Recital G
G. whereas the proliferation of data processing and analytics, the multitude of actors involved in collecting, retaining, processing and sharing data and the combination of large data sets containing personal data from a variety of sources, retained for unlimited amounts of time, have all created great uncertainty for both citizens and businesses over the specific requirements for compliance with general data-protection principles but entail significant chances for citizens, mankind, business and economy;
Amendment 63 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 1
1. Emphasises that information revealed by big data analysis is only as reliable as the underlying data permits, and that strong scientific and ethical standards are therefore needed for judging the results of such analysis and its predictive algorithms;
Amendment 77 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
2. Stresses that the prospects and opportunities of big data can onlyto be fully enjoyed by citizens, corporationsbusiness, academia and scientific community, governments and institutions whenrequire public trust in these technologies is ensured by strong enforcement of fundamental rights and legal certainty for all actors involved;
Amendment 78 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2 a (new)
Paragraph 2 a (new)
2 a. Underlines that big data analytics create added value in several ways and that there are a number of positive examples: Big data analytics in weather research help to analyse and fight climate change. In healthcare big data tools help predicting virus epidemics and the outbreak of diseases as Malaria or Cholera. Healthcare interventions and medication therapy for cancer patients can be more tailored to individual patient's circumstances using big data. Big data helps to make cities smarter by reducing street lightening energy consumption, optimizing the timing of traffic signals and so reducing tones of CO2 emissions and it is an useful tool for traffic management and air quality management as well. Big data analytics help companies to uncover the potential for slavery in their supply chains and to mitigate it. Big data also helps to predict hunger crises and riots in areas of conflict. Sophisticated big data analytics predict when the maintenance of aircraft turbines is necessary. This reduce the maintenance operation and disruption for airlines, it improves the efficiencies and makes aircrafts safer. Big data makes wind power smarter through analytics and big data tools help to increase power generation and to reduce maintenance costs. Big data helps to improve working conditions and to reduce burn-out rates of employees;
Amendment 90 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 3
3. Points out that Union law for the protection of privacy and personal data, as well as the rights to equality and non- discrimination, areis applicable to data processing even when that processing is preceded by pseudonymisation and anonymisation techniques, insofar as there are risks of re-identification, or, in any case, when use of non-personal data might impact on individuals’ private lives or other rights and freedomswhen re-identification remains possible, e.g. when processing is preceded by pseudonymisation techniques, as it is still considered to be personal data;
Amendment 97 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3 a (new)
Paragraph 3 a (new)
3 a. Underlines that the Digital Single Market must be built on reliable, trustworthy and high-speed networks and services that safeguard data subject's fundamental rights to data protection and privacy while also encouraging innovation and big data analytics in order to create the right conditions and a level playing field to boost European (digital) economy;
Amendment 104 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
4. Takes the view that transparency, fairness, accountability and control over personal data are core values through which specific rights and obligations are derived, and which should guide the action of corporations, public authorities and other actors that use data to frame their decision-making procedures; emphasises the need for much greater transparency with regard to data processing and analytics by businesses, administrations, decision makers and public actors;
Amendment 115 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5
Paragraph 5
5. Highlights the fundamental role that the Commission, the European Data Protection Board and other independent data protection supervisory authorities should play in the coming years and decadesfuture to promote legal certainty in general and in particular concerning concrete standards protecting fundamental rights and guarantees associated with the use of data processing and analytics in order to promote transparency for citizens and business;
Amendment 125 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6
Paragraph 6
Amendment 132 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6 a (new)
Paragraph 6 a (new)
6 a. Highlights the advantages of pseudonymisation provided for by the GDPR as an appropriate safeguard in order to guarantee a high level of protection of personal data. Points out that pseudonymisation and encryption techniques can play an important role to foster innovation and economic growth by enabling the further processing of personal data for big data analytics, while at the same time ensuring a strong protection of the data subject's privacy. Calls therefore upon the Commission – in its upcoming review of the e-Privacy Directive (2002/58/EC) - to also recognize pseudonymisation as an appropriate safeguard that can reduce risks of the data subjects concerned;
Amendment 133 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 6 b (new)
Paragraph 6 b (new)
6 b. Urges that pseudonymisation and the re-use of data is becoming an issue that strongly needs to be addressed. In this regard calls upon the Commission to bring forward a legislative proposal recognizing pseudonymous data as a new data category. Therefor it would be necessary to introduce a clear legal framework for the use of big data techniques which re-identify individuals by applying the encoding key and therein to include appropriate safeguards for re- identification procedures;
Amendment 137 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7
Paragraph 7
7. Urges corporationbusiness and other data controllers to make use of instruments provided for by the GDPR, such as codes of conduct and certification schemes, to seek greater certainty over their specific obligations under Union law and to bring their practices and activities into compliance with the appropriate Union legal standards and safeguardsislation;
Amendment 139 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 7 a (new)
Paragraph 7 a (new)
7 a. Urges the EU legislators to consider that we still have to remove a series of technical and in particular legal barriers to benefit fully from the potential of big data and other data technologies. Takes the view, that in this regard the data minimisation provided for by the GDPR as one of the principles relating to processing of personal data, as well as the automated processing and profiling could be an obstacle to big data analytics. Calls therefore upon the Commission to provide an appropriate and corresponding legal framework to allow companies to easily create value out of big data while protecting the privacy of citizens and providing data security. In this regard, the Commission should help citizens to understand what benefits the use of big data offers along with the risks;
Amendment 152 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8
Paragraph 8
8. Acknowledges that data loss and theft, infection by malwaresecurity breaches, unauthorised access to data and unlawful surveillance are some of the most pressing risks associated with contemporary data processing activities, such as big data techniques;concerning citizens, therefore believes that tackling such threatrisks requires genuine and concerted cooperation between the private sector, governments, law enforcement authorities and independent data protection supervisory authorities;
Amendment 165 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9
Paragraph 9
9. Calls on the Union and the Member States to identify andTakes the view that every endeavor should be made in order to minimisze algorithmic discrimination and bias and to develop a strong and common ethics framework for the processing of personal data and automated decision-making;
Amendment 171 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 9 a (new)
Paragraph 9 a (new)
9 a. Big data for scientific purposes Stresses that big data analytics can be beneficial for the scientific development and research; believes that development and use of big data analytics for scientific purposes has to be with due regard for the fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights and in compliance with the current Union data protection legislation;
Amendment 183 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10 a (new)
Paragraph 10 a (new)
10 a. Calls upon the Commission to bring forward a legal proposal to allow the use of big data tools as an investigation method and for evidence purposes in particular to give law enforcement authorities the basis for authorisation for targeted server search for wanted persons whereby the data of a large number of people are checked against existing data in a database;
Amendment 186 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11
Paragraph 11
Amendment 195 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8 a (new)
Paragraph 8 a (new)
8 a. Urges the Commission and the Member States to put in place all juridical measures to fight against the phenomenon of violence against women online and cyber bullying; in particular asks to the EU and the Member States to combine forces in order to create a criminal offence framework that obliges online corporations to delete or to stop the spreading of degrading, offensive and humiliating content; it also asks to put in place psychological support for women victims of violence online and girls cyber bullied;
Amendment 203 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12
Paragraph 12
12. Underlines the absolute need to protect law enforcement databases from data loss and theft, infection by malware and unauthorised access to data by non- authorised persons;Acknowledges that data security breaches, unauthorised access to data and unlawful surveillance are concerning citizens, therefore believes that tackling such concernrisks requires genuine, concerted cooperation between the private sector, governments, law enforcement authorities and independent data protection supervisory authorities;
Amendment 208 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13
Paragraph 13
13. WarnStresses that, owing to the intrusiveness of decisions and measures taken by law enforcement authorities - also through data processing and data analytics - in citizens’ lives and rights, maximum caution is necessary to avoid unlawful discrimination and the targeting of certain population groups, especially marginalised groups and ethnic and racial minorities;
Amendment 214 #
Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 14
Paragraph 14
14. Calls on the Member States’ law enforcement authorities that make use of data analytics to uphold the highest legal standards of ethics in the analysis of data and to ensure human intervention and accountability throughout the different stages of decision-making, not only to assess the representativeness, accuracy and quality of the data, but also to assess the appropriateness of each decision to be taken on the basis of that information;